Lands & Geographic Information
Systems
(LGIS) Unit
Presenter:
Richard Atelea Kautoke
Kingdom of Tonga
December 09
1
LGIS Unit
Where Time Begins
Application
Of
“GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS” (GIS)
For
TSUNAMI IMPACT ASSESSMENT
NIUATOPUTAPU ISLAND
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
December 09
2
LGIS UNIT
BACKGROUND
Niuatoputapu Island
Keppel Is.
Volcanic in origin
Location – 590 km north of Nuku’alofa
295 km SW of Apia
365 km SW of Pangopango
Population - 1029
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
December 09
3
LGIS UNIT
BACKGROUND
A huge earthquake – 8.3 magnitude
Earlier morning Sept. 2009
Epicenter: located between the Samoas and
Niuatoputapu Island
Generated Huge Tsunami waves
Struck and severely damaged the islands
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
December 09
4
LGIS UNIT
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter:
Richard A.Kautoke
December 09
LGIS UNIT
Earthquake
Magnitute:
8.3
Location: 180 km ENE - NTT
160 km SSW - Apia
180 km SW - Pango
LAT.
15°30'32.4"S
LONG.
172°2'2.4"W
BACKGROUND
To check the impact of tsunami waves
Charted reconnaissance flight to the island –
Wednesday afternoon
Surprised at huge impact of the tsunami
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
December 09
6
LGIS UNIT
December 09
LGIS UNIT
7
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
December 09
8
LGIS UNIT
1.
Government Response
1.
Proclaim – NTT - Natural Disaster District
2.
Preparation – Dispatch
Medical Team
Defence Services
Red Cross
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
December 09
9
LGIS UNIT
TASK of LGIS Unit - Public - Tsunami
Public - desperate for info - NTT
Create Cadastral Maps
Tax Allotments Digitisation and map overlay
Tofi’a Boundary Digitisation and Map Overlay
Create GIS Maps
Produce Topographic Maps in all sizes
Produce Satellite Imagery
Hillshade Effect Maps - for more understanding of land
Topography
Etc., Etc
WORKS
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
December 09
10
LGIS UNIT
WORK Plan for NTT
1.
BUILDINGS DAMAGE ASSESSMENT
1.
Levels of Damage
2.
Assessment of Damage
2.
TSUNAMI WAVES MEASUREMENTS
1.
Maximum Reach of Waves
2.
Tsunami Run-up
3.
Flow Depth
3.
PRECISE GPS STATIC OBSERVATIONS
1.
3 days Static Observations at each 1
st
Order Survey Control marks
(i)
NTPT – Falehau
(ii) NTRP - Airport
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
December 09
11
LGIS UNIT
PRELIMINARY
WORKS
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
December 09
12
LGIS UNIT
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
December 09
13
LGIS UNIT
1.
Prelimanary Works – Pre NTT Trip
Study impact of tsunami from collected info
Start Digitising Buildings
Prepare Survey team
Prepare survey equipment & other information
Request permission to be transported to the island
1.
BUILDINGS DAMAGE
ASSESSMENT
1.
Levels of Damage
2.
Assessment of Damage
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
December 09
14
LGIS UNIT
1.
BUILDINGS
Digitising Building Polygons
Using the pan-sharpened - 4 band – Quickbird satellite
imagery - procured through CERM project.
Compare with aerial photos
Classify into damage levels
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
December 09
15
LGIS UNIT
Legend
BUILDINGS
Level_damage
none
fixable
unfixable
totally
Contour
Contour
Road
Track
Cemetery
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
December 09
16
LGIS UNIT
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
December 09
17
LGIS UNIT
1.
BUILDINGS DAMAGE LEVEL
DIGITISED
COMPARISON
December 09
LGIS UNIT
18
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
December 09
19
LGIS UNIT
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
December 09
20
LGIS UNIT
December 09
LGIS UNIT
21
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
December 09
22
LGIS UNIT
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
December 09
23
LGIS UNIT
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
December 09
24
LGIS UNIT
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
December 09
25
LGIS UNIT
Apply ID Numbers for Buildings
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
December 09
26
LGIS UNIT
1.
FIELD CHECKS
BUILDING CHECK
BUILDING CHECK
December 09
LGIS UNIT
27
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
December 09
LGIS UNIT
28
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
December 09
LGIS UNIT
29
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
December 09
LGIS UNIT
30
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
December 09
31
LGIS UNIT
1.
BUILDINGS DAMAGE ASSESSMENT
Return From Field
Checked data
EDIT
Produce Final Map - Classification of Damage Levels for Buildings
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
December 09
32
LGIS UNIT
Legend
BUILDINGS
Level_damage
none
fixable
unfixable
totally
Contour
Contour
Road
Track
Cemetery
Hihifo Township
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
December 09
33
LGIS UNIT
BUILDINGS DAMAGE ASSESSMENT
Levels of Damage
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
December 09
34
LGIS UNIT
BUILDINGS DAMAGE ASSESSMENT
Levels of Damage
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
December 09
35
LGIS UNIT
1.
BUILDINGS DAMAGE ASSESSMENT
Data Analysis
Report
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
December 09
36
LGIS UNIT
1.
BUILDINGS DAMAGE ASSESSMENT
Building Data Analysis
Damage
Level
VILLAGES
Total
Total
Total
Cost
Vaipoa
Falehau
Hihifo
No.
Bldg
Total Area
m²
No.
Bldg
Total Area
m²
No.
Bldg
Total Area
m²
No.
Bldg
Total Area
m²
T$
None
86
7303.52 7
722.03 110
11327.56 203
19,353.11 MOW
Fixable
14
485.25 25
2199.30 24
3380.61 63
6,065.16 MOW
Unfixable
6
415.11 22
1827.19 31
4375.20 59
6,617.50 MOW
Totally
6
417.28 54
2361.12 97
8692.08 157
11,470.48 MOW
Total
112
8,621.16 108
7,109.64 262
2,7775.45 482
43506.25 MOW
Total Cost
MOW
MOW
MOW
MOW
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
December 09
37
LGIS UNIT
BUILDINGS DAMAGE ASSESSMENT
Building Analysis for Each Village
0.00%
20.00%
40.00%
60.00%
80.00%
100.00%
Da
m
a
g
e
Co
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
Vaipoa
76.80%
12.50%
10.70%
Falehau
6.50%
23.20%
70.40%
Hihifo
42%
9.20%
48.90%
Not Damaged
Slightly Damaged
Fully Damaged
TSUNAMI WAVES
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
December 09
38
LGIS UNIT
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
December 09
39
LGIS UNIT
2.TSUNAMI WAVES
WORK PROCEDURES
i. LOCATIONS OF MAXIMUM REACH OF
WAVES
ii. TSUNAMI RUNUP
iii. FLOW DEPTH
2. TSUNAMI WAVES
WORK PROCEDURES
(i)
LOCATIONS OF MAXIMUM REACH OF WAVES
Also known as Inundation Line
Effect of dried saltwater upon vegetation
Measured with Measuring tape & Handheld GPS
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
December 09
40
LGIS UNIT
NTT BEFORE
NTT AFTER
December 09
41
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
December 09
42
LGIS UNIT
Inundation Map – NTT - with Hillshade Effect
2. TSUNAMI WAVES
WORK PROCEDURES
(ii) TSUNAMI
RUNUP
Elevations along inundation line
Measured
(i) distance : GPS & Measuring Tape
(ii) elevation : with automatic level
.
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
December 09
43
LGIS UNIT
TSUNAMI WAVES
December 09
44
Kingdom of Tonga
LGIS Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
2. TSUNAMI WAVES
WORK PROCEDURES
(iii)
FLOW DEPTH
Maximum depth of water above ground during Tsunami
Measured by survey team from visible marks on tree trunk,
mud line on building walls on tree trunks
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
December 09
45
LGIS UNIT
December 09
LGIS UNIT
46
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
December 09
47
LGIS UNIT
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
December 09
48
LGIS UNIT
December 09
LGIS UNIT
49
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
December 09
LGIS UNIT
50
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
Maximum Depth of Wave (Wave heights)
15 m eastern side of Island
17m (measured by Japanese team)
Residential area:
- Hihifo
4 .65 m
-Falehau
3.78 m
- Vaipoa
2.36 m
Probably the highest area - at Northern end of the island.
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
December 09
51
LGIS UNIT
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
December 09
52
LGIS UNIT
Inundation Map – NTT - with Hillshade Effect
December 09
LGIS UNIT
53
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
70 acres completely destroyed - Northern End NTT
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
December 09
54
LGIS UNIT
NORTHERN END NTT
NORTHERN END NTT
December 09
LGIS UNIT
55
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
December 09
LGIS UNIT
56
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
3. PRECISE CONTINUOUS GPS STATIC
OBSERVATIONS
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
December 09
57
LGIS UNIT
NTRP– Mata’aho Airport
3. PRECISE CONTINUOUS GPS STATIC OBSERVATIONS
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
December 09
58
LGIS UNIT
(i)
3 Days continuous
observations at NTTP – Falehau
(ii)
3 Days continuous GPS
observations at NTRP - Airport
EARLY TSUNAMI WARNING
SYSTEMS
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
December 09
59
LGIS UNIT
December 09
60
December 09
61
MALO!!
NOFO A!!
Kingdom of Tonga
Lands & Geographic Information Systems (LGIS) Unit
Presenter: Richard A.Kautoke
December 09
62
LGIS UNIT