
__________________________________________________________________________________________
This leaflet is produced by the Ministry of Agriculture & Livestock, Solomon Islands, with support from IPPSI:
Improved Plant Protection in Solomon Islands, a project financed by ACIAR, the Australian Centre for
International Agricultural Research, Canberra. Authors: Helen Tsatsia, MAL & Grahame Jackson, TerraCircle
Inc.
Extension Fact Sheet 55:
Sweet Potato Little Leaf
Common name: Sweet potato little leaf; Sweet potato witches’ broom
Scientific name: Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia
Hosts: Sweet potato and probably wild Ipomoea species, but the disease has not been seen on
wild hosts in Solomon Islands.
Damage
Severe outbreaks of the disease have occurred in Solomon Islands (and Papua New Guinea)
in areas with low rainfall, and where there is a distinct dry season, in particular, Guadalcanal
Plains and Santa Ana. Yield losses of 30-90% have been reported.
The disease also causes stunting of the root system, and affected plants produce few, if any,
storage roots.
Biology and Life Cycle
One of the first symptoms of the disease is a yellowing of the small veins, so that they are
clearly seen as a network throughout the leaf (photo, right). This is followed by the
development of side shoots, which are normally dormant, giving the vines a bushy
appearance (photo, left). New leaves on these shoots become progressively smaller, until they
are about an eighth the size of a healthy leaf. Also, the leaves change to a light green and the
shoots are generally more erect than normal.
Phytoplasmas (before they were called mycoplasma-like organisms) are bacteria-like, single
celled organisms. They are obligate parasites, confined to the phloem of their hosts and
transmitted by phloem-feeding insects. In this case, the phytoplasma is spread by a
leafhopper, Orosius lotophagorum ryukyuensis. Phytoplasmas reproduce asexually by
budding.

__________________________________________________________________________________________
This leaflet is produced by the Ministry of Agriculture & Livestock, Solomon Islands, with support from IPPSI:
Improved Plant Protection in Solomon Islands, a project financed by ACIAR, the Australian Centre for
International Agricultural Research, Canberra. Authors: Helen Tsatsia, MAL & Grahame Jackson, TerraCircle
Inc.
The insect vector acquires the phytoplasma after feeding on an infected plant for several
hours or days. After a period of approximately 20 days the insect is able to transmit the
phytoplasma to healthy plants when it feeds. It can spread the disease this way for the rest of
its life.
A number of wild species of Ipomoea are hosts of the phytoplasma. However, it is not known
how important they are in outbreaks and spread of the disease.
Signs and Symptoms
Look for the yellowing of the veins, which is the first symptom, then the production of many
shoots with small leaves, giving the plant a typical bushy appearance.
Management
Cultural control:
Cultural control measures are important to reduce the disease:
• Remove plants with signs of the disease as soon as they appear, and burn them;
• Little leaf is spread mostly in infected planting material. If possible, take planting
material from gardens where the disease has not been seen;
• If that is not possible, carefully select planting material from plants that are free of the
disease. Look for symptoms after planting.
Resistant varieties
• No resistance was found among more than 200 varieties screened in Solomon Islands,
although one variety, WV5, had greater resistance than others. See MAL for a source of
planting material of this variety. It was reimported from SPC, Fiji.
Chemical control:
Chemical control should only be considered under exceptional circumstances. In dry times,
the population of the leafhopper may become very high, and the disease may reach epidemic
levels. This has occurred in Santa Ana. Treat crops with an insecticide, but also remove
infected plants to take out the source of the disease.
• Use synthetic pyrethroid insecticides, such as lambda cyhalothrin or permethrin. The
choice of chemical is important: use those that are least persistent in the environment, and
have low toxicity to bees. READ THE INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE USING ANY
PESTICIDE.
• Derris (rotenone) may be effective against the leafhopper that spreads Sweet potato little
leaf. A local variety of Derris that has a high concentration of rotenone is being
multiplied by MAL and the Kastom Gaden Association. The variety came originally from
Papua New Guinea. [See these organisations for cuttings, and the method of using i.]