
Extension Fact Sheet 56:
Plant-Derived Pesticides
• Only select healthy plant parts to use as pesticides;
• When storing plant parts for future use, make sure that they are properly dried and are
stored in an airy container (never use plastic containers), away from direct sunlight. They
should be free from moulds before using them;
• Use utensils for extraction that are not used for food preparation or as water containers.
Clean all the utensils properly after using them;
• Keep crude extracts away from your body during preparation and application;
• Make sure that you place the plant extract out of reach of children and house pets while
leaving it overnight;
• If spraying fruit trees, harvest all the mature and ripe fruits before spraying;
• Always test the plant extract on a few infested plants before large-scale spraying;
• Wear protective clothing while applying the extracts;
• Wash your hands after handling the plant extract and wash your clothes, too.
Chilli (ants, aphids, caterpillars,
mealybugs)
• Take one cup dry or 2 cups fresh chillies;
• Smash to a fine paste;
• Put into bucket with 1 litre water and rub
with hands (cover hands with plastic bag);
• Soak of at least 1 hour;
• Squeeze and strain;
• Make up to 1 litre with water;
• Add 1 teaspoon of soap.
Tobacco (caterpillars, aphids, and more)
• Use 5 large leaves;
• Smash;
• Add 1 litre water;
• Leave overnight;
• Make up to 2 litres with water;
• Strain, and add 4 teaspoons of soap.
Soap (scale insects and mealybugs) – test
on 1-2 plants first; it can ‘burn’ the
foliage!
•
Use soap (pure soap, not detergent);
•
5 tablespoons of soap in 4 litres water;
OR
•
2 tablespoons of dish washing liquid in 4
litres water.
Garlic (caterpillars, thrips, possibly some
fungal diseases)
• Scrape 4 garlic cloves;
• Soak in small amount of vegetable oil;
• Leave overnight;
• Make up to 2 litres with water;
• Strain, and add 4 teaspoons soap;
Also, scrape 4 cloves in hot water; add several
ground chillies, and 2 tablespoons pure soap. Use
spray when water is cool.
Fou (Barringtonia) – this is the tree with
the 4-corner fruit growing near the sea
• Scrape one seed;
• Add 1 litre water;
• Leave overnight;
• Make up to 2 litres with water;
• Strain, and add 4 teaspoons soap.
Derris (caterpillars, grasshoppers, aphids,
spider mites, planthoppers; beetles)
• Take 2 roots of Derris (20 cm long and as
thick as a small finger);
• Smash well;
• Put roots in a bucket overnight and cover
with water;
• Make up to 2 litres with water;
• Strain, and add 4 teaspoons soap.

Gliricidia (aphids, caterpillars, whitefly)
• Grind or pound 0.5 kg leaves;
• Soak overnight in water;
• Make up to 20 liters with water;
• Strain, and add 10 teaspoons soap.
Note: Gliricidia is also a rat poison. Mix the
amounts above with boiled rice. But may need
to make up fresh ever day. Place the ‘food’ in a
bamboo to protect it from children, pets and
domestic animals. Bacterial action converts
chemicals in the leaves to brodifacoum-like
substances.
Soursop or custard apple (aphids,
caterpillars, planthoppers, diamond back
moth, grasshoppers)
• Take 500 g of fresh leaves;
• Boil leaves in 2 litres water until water is 0.5
litre;
• Dilute to 10 litres with water;
• Strain, and add 10 teaspoon soap.
Also:
• Take two handfuls of seeds;
• Grind into a fine powder;
• Mix with 4 litres of water and soak
overnight;
• Strain, and add 4 teaspoons soap
Neem (caterpillars, grasshoppers, and
many more; even fungi and nematodes)
For leaves:
• 1 kg of leaves plus 5 litres water in a
bucket;
• Leave overnight;
• Remove the leaves, retain the water and
pound the leaves;
• Squeeze the leaves and add the 5 litres of
water used for soaking them overnight;
• Add about 20 ml of diluted soapy water
and use.
For mature seeds:
• Wash and remove the husk, and allow to
dry;
• Take 12 handfuls of dry seeds (or use 500
grams per 10 litres water);
• Grind them into a fine powder;
• Mix the powder in 12 litres water and soak
overnight;
• Strain, and add 4 teaspoons soap
Hot water (ants, nursery soil, nematodes in
yams)
• Use to destroy ants’ nests, but be careful not
to pour hot water onto the roots of small
plants that might be growing close to the
nests. You will kill the plants!
• Use hot water to sterilise soil: pour over the
soil that you have placed in seed boxes or soil
spread thinly on the ground containing the
nursery soil;
• Use hot water to kill nematodes in yams with
dry rot before cutting and planting. Dip
whole yams in hot water at 51
0
C for 10 mins
(use a thermometer and clock – do NOT
guess).
Milk (powdery mildew fungi)
• Use milk, diluted to 10% (1 part milk, 9
parts water);
• Add soap if milk does not spread over leaf
surface.
Ash (grasshoppers, beetles)
• Take ash from fire (make sure it is cool!);
• Beat to make fine;
• Put in coarse cloth or into a strainer;
• Shake thinly over each leaf.