F I J I
NATIONAL
DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
. . . P LA N . . .
JANUARY 1995
copyright 1995 @Government of Fiji
Book Design and Production by:
Mara
J
Fulmer, Art Director, USP Media Centre, The University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji
Photographs copyright 1995 @.The Fiji Times, Suva, Fiji
Printed by Oceania Printers Limited Suva, Fiji
March 1995
ii
PLAN CONTENTS
FOREWORD
.. .............................. ...
....................................... vii
NATIONAL POLICY STATEMENT......................................................ix
DEFINITIONS. ......................................................................................... X
SECTION ONE
General Background Information....................................... 1-1
SECTION TWO
Organisation ..................................................................... 11-1
SECTION THREE
Principle Roles & Responsibilities of Agencies............... 111-1
SECTION FOUR
Emergency
Operations ..................................................... IV-1
SECTION FIVE
Relief & Rehabilitation ..................................................... V-1
SECTION SIX
Mitigation, Public Awareness & Training........................ VI-1
APPENDIX A
Stages of Emergency Operations ...................................... A-1
APPENDIX B
Detailed Information on Alerts & Warnings ..................... B-1
APPENDIX C
Survey & Assessment........................................................ C-1
APPENDIX D
Emergency
Communications
Arrangements ..................... D-1
APPENDIX E
Natural Hazard Characteristics........................................... E-1
APPENDIX F
International
Assistance ..................................................... F-1
F I J I
NATIONAL
DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
. . . P LA N . . .
JANUARY 1995
Prepared in cooperation with the
National Disaster Management Council and
Government Agencies
The National Disaster Management Council of the Government of Fiji
acknowledges, with gratitude, the assistance of the
Australian Government through the Australian Embassy, Suva, Fiji,
for the printing of the Disaster Management Plan.
Foreword
This Plan is effective by virtue of a Cabinet Directive. It replaces the EMSEC Precautionary Manual for
Emergencies, dated September 1979.
The Plan is the result of close cooperation between all affected Ministries and organisations, hereinafter referred
to as Agencies. It will be continuously reviewed by the Disaster Management Office of the Ministry of Regional
Development and such amendments as are necessary will be issued as and when required.
The Plan is a directive to all Agencies and personnel on the conduct of disaster preparedness and emergency
operations. It is to be read and understood by all who are likely to be involved in such operations.
The authority vested in the National Controller, Divisional Commissioners and District Officers on Cabinet's
behalf, is effective in law. Legislation, in the form of a National Disaster Act, will follow. Control will be effected by the
National Controller,
through his Divisional Commissioners and District Officers. The Plan in no way diminishes the roles and responsibilities
of the National Disaster Management Council (NDMC). Rather, it is designed to complement and reduce the NDMC
workload.
All affected Agencies are to produce their own supporting plans to DISPLAN FIJI, which are to be vetted and
approved by the respective Disaster Management Councils or their nominees.
Sitiveni Rabuka
PRIME MINISTER
vii
National Policy Statement
The Fiji Government is committed towards the development, promotion and implementation of measures to
prevent and counter the impact of natural disasters in the country. The approach adopted is, as far as possible, to
facilitate collaboration of efforts and utilisation of the resources of government, non-governmental and international
agencies and also to optimise disaster management plans.
Accordingly Government Directives prescribe the following:
a) Reviewing the Disaster Management Organisation and National Disaster Plan
from time to time.
b) Establishment of appropriate mechanisms and facilities to develop strategies to
minimise disaster impact in line with the aims and objective of the
International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction.
c) Establishment of appropriate recovery methods, systems and practices to help
restore life in the community back to normal following a disaster.
d) Establishment of appropriate disaster management activities and programmes to
help
promote
community solidarity and self reliance.
e) Conducting regular training programmes around the country which are
principally aimed at relevant government and non government officials to
enhance the effectiveness of disaster management at all levels.
f) Holding of the National Disaster Awareness Week annually around the country during the month of September to
create awareness at all levels both in public and private sector as well as the community ensuring that we have a well
informed/prepared community with an equally good state of readiness.
The following National Disaster Management Plan for Fiji therefore is in line with policy directive (a) above
and outlines roles, responsibilities and procedures in line with the other policy directives.
xi
Definitions
AGENCY
For the purpose of this plan, Agencies are Government Ministries, Departments, Organisations, Statutory
Authorities and Public Corporations that, have responsibilities in the disaster management organisation.
ASSESSMENT
The Process of determining the impact of a disaster or events on a society, the needs for immediate emergency
measures to save and sustain the lives of survivors, and the possibilities for expediting recovery and
development.
DAMAGE ASSESSMENT
The preparation of specific, quantified estimates of physical damage resulting from a disaster, recommendations
concerning the repair, reconstruction or replacement of structures, equipment, and the restoration of economic
(including agricultural) activities.
DISASTER
The occurrence of a sudden or major misfortune which disrupts the basic fabric and normal functioning of a
society (or community). An event or series of events which gives rise to casualties and/or damage or loss of
property, infrastructure, essential services or means of livelihood on a scale which is beyond the normal
capacity of the affected communities to cope with unaided.
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
A collective term encompassing all aspects of planning for and responding to disasters, including both pre-
and post-disaster activities. It refers to the management of both the risks and the consequences of disasters.
DISASTER MITIGATION
A collective term used to encompass all activities undertaken in anticipation of the occurrence of a potentially
disastrous event, including preparedness and long-term risk reduction measures.
x
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
Measures that ensure the readiness and ability of a society to (a) forecast and take precautionary measures in
advance of an imminent threat (in cases where advance warnings are possible), and (b) respond to and cope
with the effects of a disaster by organising and delivering timely and effective rescue, relief and other
appropriate post-disaster assistance.
DISASTER SERVICE LIAISON OFFICER (DSLO)
An officer, nominated by each of the Agencies that are members of the NDMC, who serves as the primary point
of contact for that Agency in matters related to natural disasters.
EMERGENCY
An extraordinary situation in which people are unable to meet their basic survival needs, and there are serious
and immediate threats to human life and well being.
EMERGENCY OPERATIONS CENTRE
A suitably equipped and staffed area or room, from within which an emergency operation is conducted.
Emergency Operations Centres are set up as and when required by the disaster controllers at National,
Divisional and District levels. In this plan, these centres are referred to as National Emergency Operations
Centre (NEOC), Divisional Emergency Operations Centre (DivEOC) and District Emergency Operations
Centre (DEOC).
EMERGENCY PHASE/PERIOD
The period during which extraordinary emergency measures must be taken and special emergency procedures
and authorities may be applied to save lives and property. It encompasses both the disaster alert and relief
periods. Unless varied by the National Controller, the emergency period ends two weeks after the disaster
impact.
EMERGENCY OPERATION
The actions taken in response to a disaster warning or alert to minimise or contain the eventual negative effects,
and those taken to save and preserve lives and provide basic services in the immediate aftermath of a disaster
impact for so long as an emergency situation prevails.
HAZARD
A hazard is a natural or man-made phenomenon which may cause physical damage, economic losses, or
threaten human life and well being if it occurs in an area of human settlement, agricultural, or industrial activity.
xi
D
EFINITIONS
NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT OFFICE (NDMO)
That area, within the Department of Regional Development where the day to day functions of he disaster
management organisation are conducted.
NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT COUNCIL (NDMC)
That body at the National level, chaired by the Minister for Regional Development that is superior to the
National Disaster Management Office and subordinate to the Cabinet, responsible for disaster management
policy and operations. The National Disaster Management Council consists of Permanent Secretaries of all
Ministries that are involved in disaster management. The National Disaster Management Council has three
Committees: (1) the Emergency Committee, (2) the Rehabilitation Committee and (3) the Mitigation and
Preparedness Committee.
DIVISIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT COUNCIL (DivDMC)
That body at the Divisional level comprising the heads of all Agencies and Non-Governmental Organisations in
the Division, chaired by the Divisional Commissioner, and responsible for providing assistance to the
Commissioner in coping with disaster mitigation and emergency operations.
DISTRICT DISASTER MANAGEMENT COUNCIL (DDMC)
That body at the District level comprising the heads of all Agencies and Non-Governmental Organisations in
the District, chaired by the District Officer and providing assistance to him in coping with disaster mitigation
and emergency operations.
NATIONAL DISMAC
This acronym encompasses the National Disaster Management Council (NDMC), the National Disaster
Management Office (NDMO), and the National Emergency Operations Centre (NEOC) at the National level
and is used in communications to refer to these bodies collectively.
DIVISIONAL DISMAC
This acronym encompasses the Divisional Commissioner’s office, the Emergency Operations Centre
(DivEOC), and the Divisional Disaster Management Council at the Divisional level and is used in
communications to refer to these bodies collectively.
xii
D
EFINITIONS
DISTRICT DISMAC
This acronym encompasses the District Officer's office, the Emergency Operations Centre (DEOC), and the
District Disaster Management Council at the District level and is used in communications to refer to these
bodies collectively.
NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATION (NGO)
That body, whose function it is to provide, administer' and distribute under DISMAC advice and guidance,
such material and physical assistance as may be made available from non-government sources both within Fiji
and from overseas, in response to a declared disaster.
NATURAL HAZARD
Natural phenomena which occur in proximity of, and pose a threat to, people, structures or economic assets and
may cause disaster. They are caused by biological, geological, seismic, hydrological, or meteorological
conditions or processes in the natural environment.
RECONSTRUCTION
The permanent reconstruction or replacement of severely damaged physical structures, the full restoration of all
services and local infrastructure, and the revitalisation of the economy (including agriculture).
REHABILITATION
Actions taken in the aftermath of a disaster to enable basic services to resume functioning, assist victims' self-
help efforts to repair dwellings and community facilities, and revive economic activities (including agriculture).
STATE OF EMERGENCY
That condition, in the whole country or parts of the country, where special emergency regulations are in force to
enable the government to cope with a situation in which there are serious threats to human life and well being,
or in which people are unable to meet their basic survival needs. In a state of emergency, the National Disaster
Controller has control over all government resources in order to address the emergency situation, such as is in
line with the National Disaster Management Plan. A State of Emergency is declared by the Prime Minister or
the Minister for Regional Development in his capacity as chairman of the National Disaster Management
Council.
xiii
D
EFINITIONS
Notes
General
Background
Information
SECTION CONTENTS
GENERAL BACKGROUND INFORMATION ......................... 1-1
AIM OF THE PLAN ...............................................................................1-2
APPLICATION OF
PLAN ................................................................. I-2
RELATION TO OTHER PLANS ...........................................................1-4
NA1URAL HAZARDS IN FIJI ..............................................................1-4
DISASTER MANAGEMENT .......................................................... ... ..1-5
FINANCIAL ARRANGEMENTS
.. ............................................ .1-6
PERSONNEL RESOURCES ..................................... .................1-6
SEARCH &
SECTION ONE
General Background
Information
The Government of Fiji, in 1989, decided that disaster issues should best be addressed in their totality, i.e.
prevention, mitigation, preparedness, emergency operations, relief, and rehabilitation, rather than the previous emphasis
on response operations. Accordingly, in January 1990, responsibility for disaster management, was vested in the Minister
for Regional Development, he having responsibility for the portfolio judged best suited and structured for the task. The
Minister now has total responsibility on Cabinet's behalf for all disaster matters other than man-made, the latter
remaining with the Minister for Home Affairs.
The Department for Regional Development thus has the overall responsibility for an effective national disaster
management strategy, covering prevention, mitigation, preparedness, emergency operations, relief and rehabilitation.
Such responsibilities in no way absolve other government agencies of their responsibilities for disaster management,
activities peculiar to their everyday role, but under the new organisation, coordination is to be effected between the
appropriate agencies through the National Disaster Management Council and its related bodies.
The previous National Emergency Services Committee (EMSEC) has been renamed the National Disaster
Management Council and is chaired by the Minister for Regional Development. The Council, is serviced by the National
Disaster Management Office which in turn is managed by permanent staff and is responsible to the National Controller
i.e. the Permanent Secretary for Regional Development.
While the old EMSEC organisation has remained in place since 1979, the EMSEC manual has never been
amended and over time, other priorities and commitments led to an element of complacency, even apathy. This has
resulted in a steady deterioration in the previously accepted chain of command and control, with
1-1
SECTION ONE
General Background
Information
The Government of Fiji, in 1989, decided that disaster issues should best be addressed in their totality, i.e.
prevention, mitigation, preparedness, emergency operations, relief, and rehabilitation, rather than the previous emphasis
on response operations. Accordingly, in January 1990, responsibility for disaster management, was vested in the Minister
for Regional Development, he having responsibility for the portfolio judged best suited and structured for the task. The
Minister now has total responsibility on Cabinet's behalf for all disaster matters other than man-made, the latter
remaining with the Minister for Home Affairs.
The Department for Regional Development thus has the overall responsibility for an effective national disaster
management strategy, covering prevention, mitigation, preparedness, emergency operations, relief and rehabilitation.
Such responsibilities in no way absolve other government agencies of their responsibilities for disaster management,
activities peculiar to their everyday role, but under the new organisation, coordination is to be effected between the
appropriate agencies through the National Disaster Management Council and its related bodies.
The previous National Emergency Services Committee (EMSEC) has been renamed the National Disaster
Management Council and is chaired by the Minister for Regional Development. The Council, is serviced by the National
Disaster Management Office which in turn is managed by permanent staff and is responsible to the National Controller
i.e. the Permanent Secretary for Regional Development.
While the old EMSEC organisation has remained in place since 1979, the EMSEC manual has never been
amended and over time, other priorities and commitments led to an element of complacency, even apathy. This has
resulted in a steady deterioration in the previously accepted chain of command and control, with
1-1
SECTION
I @ GENERAL BACKGROUND INFORMATION
inevitable independent and not always effective action being taken by Agencies.
The National Disaster Management Plan incorporates the experiences of the past and the recommendations and
ideas of a series of four disaster management seminars, convened in September 1991 to examine the existing EMSEC
Manual and advise on its replacement. In its simplified form, it aims to re-establish essential liaison links and effect the
most efficient coordinated national response to disaster preparedness and emergency operations. The plan also seeks to
include the experiences during recent cyclones. The scope of the plan is wider than the previous EMSEC Manual in that
the plan also addresses disaster mitigation and rehabilitation after disasters.
The Plan provides greater autonomy for Commissioners and District Officers, allowing them maximum flexibility
in activating emergency operations and the selection and composition of their own Disaster Management Councils. It is
in the best interests of the nation that maximum use be made of all Agencies, including Provincial and Advisory
Councils and the Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs).
Flexibility and coordination are the two keys to the success of the Plan. The importance of regular personal liaison and mutual trust at all levels
between all Agencies cannot be overemphasised.
Aim of the Plan
The aim of this plan is to outline arrangements for control and coordination of
all disaster related activities in Fiji. This will serve to:
x Reduce (or avoid, if possible) the potential losses and other adverse effects of
known hazards;
x Assure prompt and appropriate disaster assistance to disaster survivors,
when necessary;
x
Achieve rapid and durable recovery following any occurrence.
Application of the Plan
The plan applies to all government activities related to disaster management, including mitigation, preparedness,
emergency response, relief and rehabilitation.
1-2
SECTION
I @ GENERAL BACKGROUND INFORMATION
The plan outlines roles and responsibilities of specific bodies for disaster management, indicates the roles of Agencies
and Ministries in relation to natural disasters and gives guidelines for operations and activities in relation to all stages of
disaster management.
Users will note the absence of standard operating procedures, other than brief summaries of the responsibilities
and key procedures, of Agencies other than the specific disaster management bodies within the government. Detailed
plans prepared by other Agencies and vetted by the National Disaster Management Office are to be found in a separate
volume titled: "Disaster Management Plans for Other Agencies". Detailed procedures for the National Emergency
Operations Centres (NEOC) and its supporting Emergency Operations Centres (DivEOC and DEOC) at the Division and
District levels are to be found in a separate volume: "Standing Operating Procedures".
Sections Two and Three of this plan describe disaster management roles and responsibilities of agencies and
bodies from the perspective of the organisation. Section Two clarifies the structure of the organisation, both during
emergency operations and in relation to rehabilitation and ongoing disaster concerns. It outlines the activities and
responsibilities of government bodies that are set up to address the disaster management needs of the country, such as the
National Disaster Management Council and Emergency Operations Centres at national, divisional and district level.
Section Three outlines principal roles 'and responsibilities of agencies in relation to disaster management. Most
government agencies and statutory bodies have roles to play in relation to natural disasters. The plan gives insight into
contributions that are expected from agencies in relation to this plan. Agencies are required to prepare detailed
operational plans to fulfill their expected contributions. Section Three includes some more detailed requirements for
departments that are of strategic importance in the immediate aftermath of natural disasters.
Sections Four, Five, and Six of the plan describe disaster management arrangements in relation to different stages
of disaster management. The parts provide guidelines for actions and arrangements for the implementation of emergency
operations (Section Four), relief and rehabilitation (Section Five), and mitigation, preparedness and training (Section
Six).
Some overlaps will be found between the Sections Two, Three, Four, Five and Six of the National Disaster
Management Plan. It was, however, considered useful to provide guidelines for disaster management both from the
perspective of the bodies and Agencies involved, as well as in relation to the specific stages of disaster management.
1-3
SECTION
I @ GENERAL BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Relation to Other Plans
The National Disaster Management Plan is the central disaster plan for Fiji. Disaster plans produced by all other
Government Agencies and Non-Governmental Organisations covering their areas of operation are supportive and
subordinate to it and should work in concert. Agency plans that deal with specialist kinds of counter disaster operations
(e.g. oil pollution) would encompass all possible response facets so that they are workable on their own. Agencies are,
however, required to keep the National Disaster Management Office fully informed of their specialist plans and actual
disaster operations in the event of disaster. Specialist Agencies will have access to assistance under the National Disaster
Management Plan if the impact of a disaster spreads outside their ambit or control. Agencies will be informed of future
amendments to the Plan for necessary updating of their own copies of the Plan and also to effect changes to
organisational and operational arrangements where necessary.
Natural Hazards in Fiji
The range of natural disasters which could affect Fiji include:
x
Cyclone
x
Flood
x
Earthquake
x
Tidal wave (tsunami)
x
Whirlwind/freakwind
x
Landslide
x
Forest fire
x
Drought
It is not always possible to predict the phenomena likely to cause natural disasters of the types listed above but in
general terms, cyclones, some floods and some tidal waves (tsunamis) should be predictable. In the case of earthquakes,
little warning is likely. The responsibility for the issue of warnings to the population, in general, rests with the National
Disaster Management Office, or the NEOC when activated.
1-4
SECTION
I @ GENERAL BACKGROUND INFORMATION
However, certain warnings will be issued directly by the Meteorological Department through the Fiji Broadcasting
Commission, Fiji Posts & Telecommunications Ltd, and the Police. The details on warning, monitoring and emergency
response are given in Section Four of this volume.
Disaster Management
Disaster Management is a collective term encompassing all aspects of anticipating hazard impacts and
responding to disasters. It is used in the sense of managing disaster risks and occurrences. It implies the integration of all
disaster-related activities in an overall coordinated approach. This is ensure the efficient use of resources within the
framework of policies appropriate to the particular disaster profile of the area concerned, and national development
goals.
It is important to recognize that all disasters result from the impact of a hazardous (potentially damaging)
phenomenon, event, or series of events on a society which is vulnerable to its particular effects. Disaster management
includes a wide range of activities undertaken at different times. These include long term risk-reduction measures,
specific precautionary actions taken when there is an immediate threat, and measures to enhance the speed, effectiveness
and efficiency of relief and related responses following the impact of a sudden disaster. While it is necessary to be aware
of the different aspects, the inter-relationships and inter-dependencies between them must also be understood. All must
be integrated within the appropriate phases of pre- and post-disaster planning and assistance. The operational arrange-
ments to manage natural disasters are different for the actual emergency stage, during and immediately after natural
disasters, and for rehabilitation and ongoing disaster concerns.
The National Disaster Management Council (NDMC) is the government body that is concerned with the
formulation of policies and strategies in relation to the aims of this plan. In times of emergencies, the Emergency
Committee of the NDMC undertakes the coordination of emergency activities.
The National Disaster Management Office is a permanent body under the Department of Regional Development.
It functions as the central agency to implement, and to coordinate the implementation of, policies of the NOMC
including disaster mitigation and preparedness. During emergencies, the NOMO sets up within its precincts the National
Emergency Operations Centre (NEOC) to coordinate the
1-5
SECTION
I @) GENERAL
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
activities of disaster monitoring, warning and immediate post-disaster response including emergency relief work.
To facilitate the cooperation between agencies, each of the agencies involved nominates a Disaster Service
Liaison Officer (DSLO). DSLOs work in close cooperation with the NOMO on the implementation of disaster
management policies decided by the NDMO. During emergencies, the DSLOs are the point of contact for the operational
coordination of emergency operations.
Emergency Operations will be activated as required, on the authority of the National Controller. Supporting
Division and District operations will be activated on the authority of the respective Commissioners or District Officers.
National level control will be effected by the National Controller through the NDMO and NEOC. Divisional
Commissioners and District Officers have autonomous authority to conduct disaster response operations.
Financial Arrangements
Administrative costs, such as meals, subsistence, overtime, etc. should be borne by individual agencies. It is the
responsibility of individual agencies to meet, or make adequate arrangements to meet incurred costs arising from the
provision of their assistance in the implementation of this plan.
Where financial resources are inadequate to enable an agency to meet its disaster obligations, requests for
financial authorisation are to be passed on to the Ministry of Finance to consider immediate approval for such requests.
Disaster response operations should not wait for the normal Public Service financial procedures, and the Ministry of
Finance should produce appropriate financial regulations and procedures to ensure that the quickest possible approval
mechanism is in place.
Personnel Resources
Personnel engaged in the emergency operations should be compensated either by way of overtime payment and/
or time off, whichever is applicable.
1-6
SECTION I @ GENERAL BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Search & Rescue
While Search and Rescue (SAR) operations are coordinated by the Ministry of Home Affairs that has a special
national plan, it is possible that this Ministry could lack sufficient resources to complete the task (e.g. provision of major
medical/health and/ or evacuation/ accommodation facilities for the passengers and crew of a cruise ship). Home Affairs
may call on the National Controller, for assistance under this plan.
1-7
Notes
Organisation
SECTION CONTENTS
ORGANISATION .................................................................... 11-1
Key Principles of Organisation ........................................ 11-4
NATIONAL LEVEL ORGANISATION ................................. 11-5
National Disaster Management Council........................... 11-5
National Disaster Management Office ............................. 11-9
National Emergency Operations Centre......................... 11-11
Agencies/DSLO
System..................................................IF
12
DIVISIONAL LEVEL ORGANISATION.............................. 11-14
Divisional
Commissioner ................................................ 11-14
Divisional Emergency Operations Centre ....................... 11-15
Divisional Disaster Management Council....................... 11-15
DISTRICT LEVEL ORGANISATION................................... 11-16
District
Officer ................................................................ 11-16
District Emergency Operations Centre............................ 11-17
District Disaster Management Council ........................... 11-17
NON-GOVERNMENTAL
SECTION TWO
Organisation
Section Two of the plan outlines the organisational structure and the roles and responsibilities of government
bodies that are set up to address disaster management issues. Some of these bodies, including the NDMC, NDMO and
OSLO structure have a permanent character, although they have specific responsibilities during emergencies. Others,
including the Emergency Operations Centres at National, Divisional and District levels, are only operational during
emergencies.
Figure 1 (on page II-2) shows how permanent bodies involved in disaster management work together in the
formulation and implementation of disaster management policies. The NDMC is the forum for the formulation of
disaster management policies. The NDMO implements these policies in close cooperation with relevant departments
through the OSLO system, and in cooperation with Divisional Commissioners and District Officers. At Division and
District levels, the Commissioner and DO respectively, coordinate the implementation of policies with their respective
Disaster Management Councils.
Figure 2 (on page II-3) shows the organisation structure during emergency operations. Each of the
government levels now has its own emergency operations centre, from which the emergency operations are
implemented. At the National level, coordination and control is provided by the Emergency Committee of the NDMC,
which includes the Permanent Secretaries of key departments. At the Division and District levels the Commissioner and
DO respectively are responsible for the emergency operation in close cooperation with their respective Disaster
Management Council.
11-1
SECTION
2 @) ORGANISATION
Figure 1: Permanent Bodies of the Disaster management Structure
11-2
CABINET
National Disaster
Management Council
National Disaster
Management Office
Divisional
Commissioners
District
Officers
Note: Outside
Emergency Operations,
there is no specific dis-
aster organisation at the
Division and District
levels. Cooperation takes
place according to
established development
procedures
Disaster
Service
Liaison
Officers
Mitigation &
Prevention Committee
Preparedness
Committee
Emergency
Committee
SECTION 2 @) ORGANISATION
Figure 2: Disaster Management Structure during the emergency operation
11-3
CABINET
National Disaster
Management Council
National Disaster Controller and
Emergency Committee
National Disaster
Management Office
& NEOC
Disaster
Service
Liaison
Officers
Mitigation &
Prevention Committee
Preparedness
Committee
Divisional
Commissioner
Western
& DivEOC
Divisional
Commissioner
Central
& DivEOC
Divisional
Commissioner
Northern
& DivEOC
Divisional
Commissioner
Eastern
& DivEOC
District
DISMAC
(6)
District
DISMAC
(5)
District
DISMAC
(4)
District
DISMAC
(3)
SECTION
2 @
ORGANISATION
KEY PRINCIPLES OF ORGANISATION
COOPERATION & COORDINATION
Departments and Agencies at the National, Divisional and District levels, will plan and coordinate their activities
to implement this plan as and when needed. The spirit of cooperation is essential for the success of disaster management,
in particular during emergency operations. The National Disaster Management Plan described in this volume outlines the
organisation and arrangements within which this cooperation takes place.
RESPONSIBILITIES
The Permanent Secretary for Regional Development, in his capacity as National Disaster Controller, is
responsible for the overall disaster management organisation and all pre- and post-disaster operations. The Divisional
Commissioner and the District Officer have similar responsibilities in their respective areas. This does not, however, in
any way reduce the responsibilities of Heads of Agencies in
,their respective fields of competence. They remain fully responsible for the preparation of Agency
Disaster Plans, for adequate disaster preparedness and efficient and expedient disaster response in
line with Agency plans and the National Disaster Management Plan.
COMMUNICATION
Promptness, timeliness and the appropriate form of communication within the organisation, and with the outside
environment, must be given due emphasis and attention for information to be useful, decisions and control to be
effective, and processes to be efficient.
Both the vertical and horizontal channels of communication within the organisation must be followed. Each level
of the organisation (National, Divisional and District) must have in place appropriate timeframes and formats for reports
which must be adhered to by the organisations. The National Disaster Management Office will provide guidance in the
preparation of these. Attention is drawn to the importance of situation reports upward between Emergency Operation
Centres, prompt conveyance of decisions and instructions, and prompt acquisition, receipt, recording and conveyance of
information at the Emergency Operation Centres. It is the responsibility of the authorities at the various organizational
levels to ensure that adequate emphasis is given to the need for timely and orderly communication.
11-4
SECTION
2 @ ORGANISATION
FEEDBACK & FEEDFORWARD CONTROL
The sources for feedback control are debriefings after emergency operations and experiences of previous
disasters. These sources provide feedback information in the form of lessons, guides, shortcomings, excesses, etc. which
should be judiciously used for improvement in plans, policy and procedures. Therefore proper records of disaster
experience should be kept and debriefings after emergency operations should be held at each organizational level with a
view to improving organisational, operational and procedural plans for the future.
Feedforward control during emergency operations should be implemented by key personnel in the organisation.
This can be done if authorities can foresee problems that could occur during the course of a task or process and
implement corrective measures to prevent the problem from occurring. To develop this capability, key personnel at each
organizational level must be provided the opportunity to undergo appropriate training. Programs of training and
education at the community level will also develop preparedness and preventive capabilities generally.
National level Organisation
NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT COUNCIL (NDMC)
The NDMC has overall responsibility for disaster management on a continuous basis irrespective of whether a
disaster has occurred or not. It is responsible for the development of suitable strategies and policies for disaster
mitigation, preparedness, training, management development and public education. During emergency operations, it will
have overall responsibility for the efficient conduct of emergency operations at National, Divisional and District levels
through the respective Emergency Operation Centres (EOCs). The Council is responsible for the preparation and imple-
mentation of adequate rehabilitation programmes after disasters. The Council has authority to discuss and recommend
strategy and policy alternatives to the Cabinet and it is accountable to the Cabinet for reports, briefings and
recommendations.
Membership of the NDMC is as follows:
Minister for Regional Development, Chairman
Permanent Secretary for Regional Development,
Deputy Chairman & National Controller Emergency Services
(continued)
11-5
SECTION
2 @) ORGANISATION
Permanent Secretary for Home Affairs
Permanent Secretary for Foreign Affairs
Commander, Fiji Military Forces
Secretary, Public Service Commission
Permanent Secretary for Fijian Affairs
Permanent Secretary for Finance
Permanent Secretary for Agriculture
Permanent Secretary for Public Works
Permanent Secretary for Transport
Permanent Secretary, to the Prime Minister's Office Managing Director, Fiji Posts & Telecommunications Ltd
General Manager Fiji Electricity Authority
Permanent Secretary for Health
Commissioner, Fiji Police Force
Permanent Secretary for Information
Permanent Secretary for Women & Culture
Permanent Secretary for Education
Permanent Secretary for Lands
Permanent Secretary for Housing & Urban Development Controller of Government Supplies
Director of Meteorology
Director, Fiji Council of Social Services
Director General, Fiji Red Cross Society
The meetings of the NDMC need not necessarily comprise all of the above for its deliberations. Rather, it is the
Chairman's prerogative to call for members' attendance according to each disaster management needs. In addition, the
Chairman has the right to co-opt Divisional Commissioners and representatives from any other agencies and to invite
those NGOs whom he considers will help to achieve disaster management objectives.
The Chairman of the Council has delegated responsibility for the day to day conduct of disaster management
activities and disaster response operations to the National Controller, who in turn delegates the implementation of day to
day disaster management activities to the National Disaster Management Office.
NDMC COMMITTEES
To facilitate its work, ~he Council has formed three committees to execute specific tasks of the Council. The
overall responsibility remains with the Council, but the committees are authorized by the Council to take decisions
within their specific fields of competence.
11-6
SECTION 2 @ ORGANISATION
The three NDMC committees are:
1.
Mitigation and Prevention Committee
2. Preparedness Committee
2.
Emergency Committee (NDMC-EC)
The meetings of the Committees need not necessarily comprise all of its members for its deliberations. Rather, it
is the Chairman's prerogative to call for members' attendance according to specific discussions within the Committees. In
addition, the Chairman has the right to co-opt Divisional Commissioners and representatives from any other agencies
and to invite those NGOs whom he considers will help to achieve the specific tasks of the Committee.
Mitigation & Prevention Committee
The Mitigation and Prevention Committee has been assigned the role to prepare policies for disaster mitigation in
line with the aims and objectives of the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction. The Committee will
initiate and coordinate the implementation of disaster mitigation activities.
Mitigation & Prevention Committee membership is as follows: Permanent Secretary for Regional Development,
Chairperson Permanent Secretary for Fijian Affairs
Permanent Secretary for Agriculture
Permanent Secretary for Public Works
Permanent Secretary for Lands
Permanent Secretary for Health
Permanent Secretary for Housing & Urban Development Permanent Secretary for Women & Culture
Permanent Secretary for Finance
Preparedness Committee
The Preparedness Committee is responsible for community awareness activities, including the National Disaster
Awareness Week, and for the review of public sector preparedness arrangements. It will initiate and guide the
preparation of disaster awareness materials and initiate other activities to improve disaster preparedness in Fiji.
11-7
SECTION 2 @ ORGANISATION
Preparedness Committee membership is as follows:
Permanent Secretary for Regional Development, Chairperson Permanent Secretary for Fijian Affairs
Permanent Secretary for Agriculture
Permanent Secretary for Public Works
Permanent Secretary for Lands
Permanent Secretary for Health
Permanent Secretary for Home Affairs
Permanent Secretary for Housing & Urban Development Permanent Secretary for Women & Culture
Permanent Secretary for Finance
Permanent Secretary for Education
Permanent Secretary for Health
Permanent Secretary for Information
Controller, Government Supplies
Director of Meteorology
Director General, Fiji Red Cross Society
Director Fiji Council of Social Services
Emergency Committee
The Emergency Committee has the central control during emergency operations. During the emergency stage the
Committee convenes daily to review the emergency operations and take policy and operational decisions for the
operation. The Committee will be briefed daily by the NEOC and instruct NEOC, DSLOs and the NDMO on the
implementation of its decisions. The Committee will fully inform the NDMC and Cabinet on its decisions and
operations.
Emergency Committee membership is as follows:
Permanent Secretary for Regional Development, Chairperson
Permanent Secretary for Agriculture
Permanent Secretary For Health
Permanent Secretary for Home Affairs Permanent Secretary for
Public Works Permanent Secretary for Transport
Permanent Secretary for Fijian Affairs Permanent Secretary for Finance
Commissioner, Fiji Police Force Commander, Fiji Military Forces
Controller of Government Supplies Director, Fiji Council of Social Services
Director General, Fiji Red Cross Society
11-8
SECTION 2 @ ORGANISATION
NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT OFFICE (NDMO)
The National Disaster Management Office, within the Ministry for Regional Development (more specifically
within the Department of Regional Development) is the section responsible for the day to day operations of disaster
management. The office operates with permanent special staff under the overall supervision of the National Controller
and his deputies. This office is charged with the responsibility to carry out the policies of the NDMC with regard to
disaster preparedness, mitigation, prevention and actual emergency operations, relief and rehabilitation during disasters.
Main functions of NDMO include:
x To implement or initiate the implementation of policies prescribed by the
NDMC
and
Cabinet.
x To advise the Permanent Secretary for Regional Development, NDMC and
other relevant bodies on disaster related matters.
x To initiate formulation of policies for the development of disaster management
organisation and activities.
x To arrange meetings of the NDMC and its Committees and Sub-Committees,
provide Secretariat support and initiate follow-up action.
x To deal with disaster management related issues at the National level.
x To initiate and coordinate the preparation of rehabilitation plans after natural disasters.
x
To review disaster preparedness arrangements and carry out post-disaster reviews.
NDMO SPECIFIC TASKS
Mitigation & Preparedness
x
Maintain liaison with International Agencies on disaster-related projects for
Fiji.
x
Maintain liaison with DSLOs within the Fiji Government.
x
Coordinate pre-disaster activities undertaken by relevant Ministries,
Departments, organisations, institutions and agencies including local government councils.
x
Prepare and maintain baseline data for disaster management purposes at the
National level.
II-9
SECTION 2 @ ORGANISATION
x
Prepare formats and provide guidance to Divisions and Districts in the
preparation of baseline data at Division and District levels.
x
Provide guidance to Divisions, Districts and Agencies in the preparation of
their respective disaster plans.
x
Take adequate preparatory measures to ensure that the NEOC can be
activated at all times without delay.
x
Provide guidance to Divisions and Districts in preparations for the efficient
set-up of Emergency Operation Centres.
x
Formulate, implement and monitor disaster preparedness programmes.
x
Ensure that the National Disaster Plan is updated and that Agency Plans,
Division Plans, District Plans and Operating Procedures are viable.
x
Initiate formulation of strategies on public education and awareness
x Issue cyclone season instructions to relevant agencies before the onset of the
Cyclone Season.
x
Maintain liaison with Ministries/Departments on preparedness measures
under their responsibilities as required under the National Disaster Plan.
x
Organise an annual Disaster Awareness Week in cooperation with relevant
Agencies, Divisions and Districts.
x
Establish a simple but effective database.
x
Formulate, plan and organise relevant in-country training programmes.
x
Identify overseas training programmes and arrange participation of relevant
officials in those programmes.
x
Arrange with relevant International Agencies to enlist the service of their
resource people to assist in-country training.
x
Formulate, plan and organise simulation exercises, where appropriate.
x Visit, at least on a yearly basis, all Agencies, Divisions and Districts to review
disaster arrangements and provide guidance and recommendations for
improvement and to report findings to NDMC.
Emergency Operations & Rehabilitation
x
Organise and manage the NEOC during emergency operations, including the
provision of equipment, staffing, reporting, etc.
x
Ensure that information and data regarding the disaster are properly
collated, assessed and disseminated where appropriate.
x
Provide Secretariat support to the Emergency Committee of NDMC and
initiate follow-up action where appropriate.
x
Advise the National Controller on emergency operation-related matters.
II-10
SECTION 2 @ ORGANISATION
x
Conduct a review of each emergency operation and submit report to NDMC
x
Conduct a post-disaster review within six months after the disaster, formulate recommendations for revision of
plans and procedures and report findings to NDMC
x
Coordinate the preparation of a comprehensive rehabilitation programme
after a disaster as and when required by the NDMC
NATIONAL EMERGENCY OPERATIONS CENTRE (NEOC)
During emergency operations, NDMO sets up within its precincts the National Emergency Operations Centre
(NEOC) to coordinate the activities of disaster monitoring, warning and immediate post-disaster response including
disaster relief work. The NEOC is manned 24 hours a day by teams drawn from the Public Service working in eight-hour
shifts until immediate emergency response is completed and longer-term rehabilitation programs started by relevant
agencies.
The centre will normally be activated when a specific threat develops, in the case of tropical cyclones when a
special weather bulletin for Fiji is issued, or when a disaster has occurred. The principal role of NEOC is to gather,
collate, assess and circulate information. This includes the screening and issuance of disaster warnings and other
informations to the public, forwarding of information to relevant departments for immediate action, collating of
assessment reports and briefing of the Emergency Committee of NDMC and others as required. NEOC is the point for
information management during emergency operations. NEOC further provides operational and logistic support for the
emergency operations.
The Head of NDMO has the overall responsibility for the NEOC He is responsible for the staffing and equipment
of the centre during the emergency operation. During the operation, each team leader will be responsible for operational
activities
within NEOC and will be accountable to the National Controller and the Head of NDMC
The NEOC shall follow Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) in carrying out its functions. These SOPs are
found in a separate volume titled: "Standard Operating Procedures." NEOC has the authority to obtain regular
situation reports from the Divisional and District Emergency Operation Centres (DivEOC and DEOC). It will coordinate
requests for assistance during emergencies and maintain records of all inward and outward communication.
Staff from the Fiji Military Forces, the Navy, the Fiji Police Force, the Fiji Posts and Telecommunications Ltd,
and the Ministry of Information will assist the NEOC operating teams in communication, coordination and reporting
work related to emergency operations, including evacuations and movement of relief supplies.
II-11
SEGION
2 @ ORGANISATION
NEOC UNITS
The NEOC operates in three units:
1) information and communication
2) operations
3) assessment.
The Information and Communication Unit records and distributes all incoming messages, provides information to
the public and Agencies and informs the NDMC-EC as and when required.
The
Operations Unit provides operational support to agencies, districts and
divisions, and arranges for operations initiated from the National level.
The Assessment Unit is responsible for the gathering and distribution of all damage and needs assessment
information. A more detailed description of the roles and responsibilities of NEOC is found in Section Four.
The National Controller or his deputies have authority to make critical decisions outside normal guidelines or to
call upon the National Disaster Management Council to meet for decisions needing advice and higher levels of
experience. The National Controller or his deputies will direct emergency operations in the disaster areas through the
NDMO and the NEOC.
AGENCIES/DSLO SYSTEM
Agencies include Government Ministries, Departments, Organisation, Statutory Authorities and Public
Corporations having responsibility for the provision of material and personnel assistance during emergency operations.
All Agencies that are members of the NOMC shall appoint a senior level officer to be its Disaster Service Liaison
Officer (DSLO), who is the main point of contact for liaison, coordination and cooperation in all disaster-related matters,
including mitigation, preparedness, emergency operations, relief and rehabilitation.
All Agencies must prepare their own detailed disaster management plans as far as their own areas of
responsibilities are concerned. These plans will be submitted by the Agencies to the National Disaster Controller for
vetting and adoption. The principle responsibilities and function of each agency are included in Section Three which the
respective agencies must adhere to as providing an overall framework for their own detailed plans. The detailed plans of
each agency are included in a separate volume titled "Disaster Plans for other Agencies".
During normal times the Agencies and their DSLOs must, through liaison and meetings with the Disaster
Management Office, play an ongoing role in the
11-12
SECTION 2 @ ORGANISATION
coordination and implementation of disaster preparedness, mitigation and prevention programs. Apart from regular
and personal liaison, NDMO is empowered to call meetings of DSLOs whenever the need arises to deal with both
pre-disaster and emergency issues.
During emergency operations, all Agencies are bound to assist the National Disaster Management Council
with their resources, personnel and services during disasters until emergency operations are over. In other words,
the National Disaster Controller has control over the resources of all agencies during the emergency period which
shall be from the Alert Stage of a disaster to two weeks (earlier or later if varied by the National Controller) after
the disaster has passed.
Each agency must submit regular summary reports on the situation regarding its area of operation to the
Emergency Committee of NDMC and NEOC during the emergency period. All assessment activities and
emergency operations will be coordinated with the relevant District Officers, and NEOC will be fully informed of
these activities.
During the emergency operation, DSLOs are the main point of contact for NEOC for the implementation of
emergency operations, as directed by the Emergency Committee of the NDMC. They will keep NEOC fully
informed of the emergency operations by their respective Agencies and will be informed of the directives of
NDMC-EC for the implementation of the operation.
All Agencies are subordinate to the National Disaster Controller and the Emergency Committee of the
NDMC during emergency operations. Agency regulations will be regarded as guidelines during emergency
operations so that the requirements of the National Disaster Controller are fulfilled in order to complete designated
tasks. An Agency failing to respond using the excuse that regulations do not permit it, will result in immediate
action to approach the Minister concerned. It is the responsibility of Agency heads to relay the substance of these
directives to their line managers down to the Divisional and District levels.
Although Agencies and their resources come under the control of the National' Controller during a disaster
response period, such control will be exercised through coordination rather than direction, unless the situation is such
as to warrant direction of a particular agency or agencies.
Many Agencies have important and parallel roles in the safeguarding of life
and property and the restoration of essential services after a natural disaster. It is therefore most important that a spirit
of close liaison and cooperation be developed at National, Divisional and District levels, to ensure that no
misunderstandings occur with respect to the tasking of the assets of Agencies.
DSLOs will prepare, in close cooperation with NDMO, rehabilitation plans within two months after the
disaster. The preparation of these plans will be coordinated by NDMO, and a comprehensive plan, including
sectoral plans prepared by DSLOs, will be submitted to NDMC by NDMO.
II-13
SECTION
2 @ ORGANISATION
Divisional
Level Organisation
DIVISIONAL COMMISSIONER
The Divisional Commissioners in each of the four Divisions, have overall authority to manage and direct disaster
emergency operations. He has powers similar to those of the National Controller as far as the management and control of
emergency operations in his Division are concerned. He will be subordinate only to the National Disaster Controller and
NDMC-EC He has the autonomy to activate Divisional Emergency Operations on warning of approaching disaster, with
powers to control all Agency resources.
The Commissioner will cause the preparation of a comprehensive disaster management plan for his Division.
These plans will be submitted to the National Disaster Controller for vetting and adoption. Apart from emphasis on the
core emergency organisation, the Divisional plan will also indicate the key roles of the Agencies and NGOs in the
respective Divisions. The Commissioner will also cause Agencies and NGOs to produce operation plans which will be
vetted and adopted to become part of the Divisional Plan.
The Commissioner will, in close cooperation with NDMO, contribute to the implementation of disaster
management policies as formulated by NDMC
During emergency operations, the Commissioner is responsible for all operational activities in the Division. He
will inform the NEOC, on a regular basis, the progress of operational activities and on damage and relief needs
assessments carried out under his responsibility, in line with the provisions of this plan. At the end of the emergency
operation, the Commissioner will submit a full report on damages in the Division, the emergency operation and
outstanding relief needs to the National Disaster Controller.
The Commissioner will convene, during the emergency operation, on a regular basis with the Divisional Disaster
Management Council, to coordinate and direct the emergency operation in the Division. The Commissioner will
coordinate emergency activities with the District Officers, and provide them with operational and specialist support when
required.
II-14
SECTION
2 @) ORGANISATION
DIVISIONAL EMERGENCY OPERATIONS CENTRE (DivEOC)
During emergency operations, the Divisional Commissioner will set up an Emergency Operations Centre
(DivEOC) within his office, which will be manned 24 hours a day by teams working eight-hour shifts. The
Commissioner, through the DivEOC, will be responsible for monitoring disaster situation in the Division and relaying
situation reports to the NEOC at regular intervals as directed by the National DISMAC. The DivEOC will be authorised
to obtain reports regularly from all District EOC's within the Division, record the contents of all inward and outward
communication, and compile and transmit situation reports for the NEOC.
The centre will normally be activated when a specific threat develops, in the case of tropical cyclones when a
special weather bulletin for Fiji is issued, or when a disaster has occurred. The principal role of DivEOC is to coordinate
the emergency operation at the Divisional level and gather, collate, assess and circulate information. The centre is headed
by the Divisional Commissioner, who is responsible for the staffing and equipment of the centre during the emergency
operation. The Standard Operating Procedures of DivEOC will be described in the Divisional Disaster Plan.
The DivEOC operates in three units:
1)
information and communications
2)
operations
3)
assessment
The Information and Communication Unit records and distributes all incoming messages, provides information to
the public and Agencies and informs the Commissioner, the DivDMC, NEOC and others as and when required.
The Operations Unit coordinates the actual emergency operation at Divisional level and provides operational and
logistic support to emergency operations at District level.
The Assessment Unit is responsible for the gathering and distribution of all damage and needs assessment
information.
DIVISIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT COUNCIL (DivDMC)
Unlike the National Disaster Management Council which is superior to the National Disaster Management Office,
the Divisional Disaster Management Council is subordinate to the Divisional Commissioner. The DivDMC comprises
the Heads of all Agencies and NGOs represented in the Division. The Commissioner will chair the
II-15
SECTION 2 @) ORGANISATION
Council and also direct most emergency operations of the Agencies, recognising however the need to allow necessary
freedom to the Fiji Electricity Authority, the Public Works Department, the Fiji Posts and Telecommunications Ltd
(FPTL) to pursue their own operations to restore essential public services.
Heads of Agencies will provide every support to the Commissioner's Office. In addition to their respective
headquarters in Suva, the Agencies will be equally accountable to the Commissioner during the period of emergency
operations. Agencies must provide regular reports on their own areas of operation to the Commissioner and fully
coordinate their activities through the DivEOC and DivDMC. Rehabilitation programmes are to be coordinated with the
National Disaster Management Office.
Agencies represented in the Divisions will prepare Divisional disaster plans, which will be submitted to the
Commissioner for vetting and incorporation in the Divisional Disaster Plan. Agencies will further contribute to the
implementation .of disaster management policies as directed by the NDMC.
District Level Organisation
DISTRICT OFFICER
The District Officer will prepare a District Disaster Management Plan and shall cause the various Agencies and
NGOs in his district to prepare detailed disaster operation plans which he must vet and adopt as part of the District Plan.
District Plans must be submitted to the Divisional Commissioner for approval and incorporation into the Divisional Plan.
The District Officer will, in close cooperation with NDMO, contribute to the implementation of disaster
management policies as formulated by NDMC.
During emergency operations, the District Officer is responsible for all operational activities in the District. He
will inform the DivEOC and NEOC on a regular basis on the progress of operational activities and on damage and relief
needs assessments carried out under his responsibility, in line with the provisions of this plan. The District Officer will
be responsible to the Divisional Commissioner for comprehensive reports on the emergency situation activities and
needs in his District at intervals prescribed by the Divisional Commissioner. At the end of the emergency operation, the
District Officer will submit a full report on damages in the District, the emergency operation and outstanding relief needs
to the Divisional Commissioner and the National Disaster Controller.
II-16
SECTION 2 @ ORGANISATION
The District Officer is empowered to control the resources of all Agencies in his district during emergencies. This
power is to be exercised, however, in a spirit of cooperation through the District Disaster Management Council (DDMC).
Cases of insubordination or non-cooperation on the part of any Agency will be reported up the organisational hierarchy
for resolution.
Among the main responsibilities of the District Officer are:
a) Monitoring of the emergency situation.
b) Providing immediate emergency relief to evacuees.
c) Preliminary assessment of emergency needs and distribution of relief supplies
(water, food, shelter).
d) Detailed assessment for long term rehabilitation needs.
DISTRICT EMERGENCY OPERATIONS CENTRE
The District Officer of each District will establish within his Office an Emergency Operation Centre (DEOC) for
the purpose of disaster monitoring and coordination of emergency operations including the issue of public warnings,
evacuation, rationing, damage assessment, emergency relief provision, maintenance of communication records and
compilation of data for the preparation of situation reports. The DEOC will operate around the clock in eight-hour shifts
until the emergency period is over. The District Officer has overall responsibility for the DEOC, including staffing,
equipment and tasking. Each team leader of DEOC will be responsible to ensure that Standing Operating Procedures are
properly followed and regular situation reports are communicated to the District Officer and to the relevant Divisional
EOC.
The centre will normally be activated when a specific threat develops, in the case of tropical cyclones when a
special weather bulletin for Fiji is issued, or when a disaster has occurred. The principal role of DEOC is to implement
the emergency operation at District level and gather, collate, assess and circulate information. The centre is headed by
the District Officer. The Standard Operating Procedures of DEOC will be described in the District Disaster Plan.
II-17
SECTION 2 @ ORGANISATION
DISTRICT DISASTER MANAGEMENT COUNCIL (DDMC)
This council is subordinate to the District Officer and comprises all Agencies as well as recognized NGOs
including the representatives to be chosen by the District Officer from the Advisory and Provincial Councils. Its central
role is to direct and coordinate the emergency operation at the District level.
It will be compulsory for all Agencies to provide support, make available required personnel and material
resources and carry out required tasks for the District Officer and the DEOC during the emergency period. The Agencies
must also produce detailed plans for their specific areas of responsibility for vetting and adoption into the overall District
Disaster Plans.
To ensure smooth coordination and cooperation, there shall be constant inter-personal liaison between the District
Officer and the Heads of all Agencies. Resolutions will be sought at meetings of the District Disaster Management
Council as and when the need arises. NGOs shall be required to produce their own operational plans. Their activities
shall be subject to coordination by and reporting to the District Officer. The District Officer and the DDMC must
collaborate and contribute to the ongoing disaster management policies directed by NDMC or initiated by the NDMO.
NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISA TIONS
The role of NGOs is recognized as a valuable contribution to disaster preparedness, relief and rehabilitation. The
over-riding principle and national policy with respect to participation by NGOs in disaster operations is that they must
have a proven capability and that they must function as part of their respective Disaster Management Councils.
The independent and preferential distribution of assistance by an NGO without the authority of DISMAC will not
be tolerated; assistance is to be shared equitably throughout the affected area.
There are 170 registered NGOs throughout Fiji. They are mostly, but not totally, coordinated either through the
Fiji Council of Social Services or the Fiji Red Cross. The latter is an integrated entity in itself and operates autonomously
as part of the worldwide Red Cross network. Despite this autonomy they are to subordinate to the NDMC and their
efforts are to be coordinated by the National Disaster Management Office.
NGOs that wish to take part in emergency operations or relief and rehabilitation should coordinate all their
activities with the respective Disaster Controllers. The Divisional Commissioners and District Officers are to ensure that
NGOs support is properly coordinated.
II-18
SECTION
2 @ ORGANISATION
In general, the activities and responses of NGOs at the Divisional and District levels should be well coordinated
by the Commissioners and District Officers. Effective with the issue of this plan, respective Commissioners and District
Officers are directed to include any, and/or all, NGOs in their areas in their DMCs, using their individual judgment as to
the validity of such members' participation which will in turn depend on an NGO's capability to assist.
II-19
Notes
Principle Roles
&
Responsibilities of Agencies
SECTION CONTENTS
PRINCIPLE ROLES & RESPONSIBLITIES
of AGENCIES. .................... .,.. .............................................. ………...III-1
FINANCE SUPPORT SERVICES...........................................………III-2
INFRASTRUCTURE & FUNCTIONAL SUPPORT SERVICES…..III-4
ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT SERVICES .......................... ……...III-8
MEDIA SERVICES ......................... …………………………….…III -10
DISCIPLINED SERVICES ....................................................………III-11
OTHER NGO & LOCAL GOVERNMENT SUPPORT SERVICES.III-13
NGO SUPPORT TO DISASTER MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES
& PROGRAMMES ................................................................ ………III-15
SECTION
THREE
Principle Roles &
Responsibilities of Agencies
Section Three outlines the key roles and responsibilities of Agencies. These should be used by the respective
Agencies as an overall guidance and framework for the preparation of their own disaster plans covering their specific
areas of operation.
All agencies have the following general roles and responsibilities in relation to natural disasters:
a. Prepare operational disaster plans and submit these to the National Disaster Controller for vetting and inclusion in
the separate volume titled "Disaster Plans for Other Agencies."
b. Ensure that adequate preparedness measures are taken at any stage to protect the assets that are under
responsibility of the Agency.
c. Inform personnel on preparedness and emergency arrangements.
d. Contribute to the implementation of disaster prevention, preparedness and mitigation policies as decided by the
National Disaster Management Council.
e. Cooperate with Disaster Controllers at National, Divisional and District levels during all emergency operations.
f. Fully inform the NEOC on damage to assets under the responsibility of the
Agency.
g. Nominate a senior officer as Disaster Service Liaison Officer (OSLO) for liaison purposes in disaster
management.
h. Coordinate the preparation of disaster rehabilitation plans with NOMO.
i. The head of the Agency, in the case of a Ministry the Permanent Secretary, to
be member of the National Disaster Management Council (NDMC).
III-1
SECTION
3 @ PRINCIPLE
ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES OF AGENCIES
In addition to these general roles and responsibilities of Agencies, additional specific roles and responsibilities are
required from the agencies as described in this section.
Finance Support Services
MINISTRY OF FINANCE
a. Responsible for issuing specific financial instructions and/or procedures to Ministries/Departments for the
maintenance of essential supplies and services and to ensure that the fastest possible approval machinery is in place
for the disaster emergency operations, relief and rehabilitation. Such instructions should be updated yearly before the
onset of the cyclone season, preferably during the month of September.
b. Ensure that laid down accounting procedures and financial instructions as in item (a) above are strictly observed by
Ministries/Departments and updated from time to time.
c. Responsible for ensuring that Ministries/Departments have adequate financial
resources to meet their obligations in emergency operations.
d. Issue appropriate instructions to Ministries/Departments for the release of
government vehicles for emergency operations before the onset of the cyclone season.
DEPARTMENT OF CUSTOMS & EXCISE
Facilitate entry of all official disaster assistance commodities and waive customs and excise duties, where
appropriate.
DEPARTMENT OF GOVERNMENT SUPPLIES
FOOD & SUPPLIES STOCK CONTROL
Before the onset of the cyclone season, preferably during the month of September:
a. to ensure that a reasonable amount of essential items, viz: tents, blanket and
food for emergency relief purposes can be made available for immediate issue
if the situation demands.
III-2
SECTION 3 @ PRINCIPLE ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES OF AGENCIES
b. Liaise with charitable organisations and determine supplies available from them. These supplies shall be recorded separately if not
stored together with Government Supplies.
c. Ensure that adequate stockpiles are located in selected centres particularly in
high risk areas in consultation with the National Disaster Management Office.
Items must be obtained on properly completed requisitions in accordance with Stores Regulations. Unless the disaster
situation prevents the delivery of food orders, approval may be conveyed by telephone or other means for the acquisition of goods
from local sources. Any requests by telephone shall only be accepted from properly authorised officers.
DONATED FOOD & SUPPLIES
All relief stores donated by other governments or donor agencies will in the first instance go to COGS. Such stores will be kept
separately on inventory and proper records maintained of issue. Distribution of these relief supplies will be done under responsibility
of the National Disaster Controller.
Stores for comfort or temporary shelters such as tents, blankets, etc., shall be held on inventory and issued on requisitions
authorized by the National Disaster Controller. No financial adjustments will be made for stores under this category.
STORES ON LOAN
Stores on loan are intended to meet unforeseen needs which also include emergencies. Distribution of these stores, for
example for distribution through survey teams, are authorized by the National or Divisional Controller. Stores on loan in
the districts will be controlled by the Divisional Commissioners. After the situation reverts to normal, steps should be
taken at once to return the items to stock.
TASKING - COGS HEADQUARTERS/LAUTOKA/LABASA
a. Consult and coordinate with National and Divisional Commissioners the procurement requirement and stock build up
policy for essential items like
food,
fuel,
etc.
b. Issue stock as directed by National and Divisional Commissioner.
c. Monitor stock issues, update costs and build up stock level again in
consultation with National DISMAC.
III-3
SECTION
3 @ PRINCIPLE ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES OF AGENCIES
Infrastructure & Functional Support Services
MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE, FISHERIES & FOREST
a. Advise on matters relating to crops preparedness and mitigation measures. Advise on best methods to safeguard crops,
livestock, equipment, plants, etc from effects of disasters.
b. Undertake in the quickest possible time survey and assessment of damage to crops, pine forests, livestock, etc; and
that such information should be forwarded to National DISMAC without delay.
c. Determine the availability of food crops after a natural disaster, determine the
duration of shortfall and quantity and duration of relief supplies needed
d. Render appropriate advice and assistance to disaster victims whose crops, live
stock and equipment may have been damaged or destroyed.
MINISTRY FOR PUBLIC WORKS
a. Provision of engineering assistance where necessary to other agencies facilities, properties, etc, before the
onset of the cyclone season.
b. Establishment of a flood forecasting and warning centre responsible for issuing appropriate flood warnings for the
country well in good time and monitoring the flood situation in consultation with National DISMAC.
c. Take all necessary steps to ensure the safety of all plants, properties, facilities
and
engineering
resources.
d. Establishment of Emergency Centres in all the divisions who shall maintain regular contact with the various
Divisional Emergency Operations Centres on matters relating to damage to infrastructural facilities such as roads,
bridges and major installations and disruption to services provided by such facilities installations as well as their
restoration.
e. Provision of engineering resources to meet other emergency work as required by the Disaster Controller during
the emergency operation.
f. Provide NEOC with an initial report on the extent of damage to properties,
facilities, major installations etc. within 48 hours from the time the disaster;
provide updates on damage reports as information comes available.
III-4
SECTION
3 @) PRINCIPLE
ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES OF AGENCIES
MARINE DEPARTMENT
a.
All marine vessels should immediately seek safe shelter once a strong wind
warning is issued by the Weather Office.
b. Inform National DISMAC of vessels position daily during emergency
operations. Vessels are placed on immediate standby for emergency response tasking.
c. All vessels deployment during the emergency operations shall be undertaken
in
consultation
with National DISMAC.
FISHERIES DEPARTMENT
a.
Provision of boats and personnel where necessary.
b.
Provide support staff to DISMAC operations.
FIJI ELECTRICITY AUTHORITY
a. Ensure, as a disaster preparedness measure, that power lines and other installations are kept clear of trees and other
possible obstructions to power supplies.
b. Maintain power supplies at best possible level during emergency situations.
c. Implement public safety measures in areas of danger caused by damage to
plant, installations and equipment.
d. Restore disrupted power supplies in accordance with priorities.
e. Provide NEOC within 48 hours after the disaster a full report of damage to
facilities and services including costs and restoration programme.
FIJI POSTS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS LTD
PRE DISASTER ACTION
a. The direct teleprinter link between National DISMAC and the FPTL Emergency Control Centre shall be checked once
a week to ensure it is operational and such tests shall be entered in the Log Book.
b. The Hotline that links up with National DISMAC shall be serviced regularly and
must be fully operational at all times.
III-5
SECTION
3 @ PRINCIPLE ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES OF AGENCIES
c. Radio check should be carried out at least once a week during the cyclone season between the P&T Emergency
Controller Centre and the DISMAC network.
EMERGENCY OPERATIONS
In the event of an impending disaster, FPTL shall set up a Central Reporting Centre in Suva which is to be called
FPTL Emergency Control Centre. Other Control. Other Control Centres will be set up in the Western, Northern and
Central/Eastern divisions. These Emergency Control Centres have the following functions:
a. To provide National DISMAC with accurate information about the state of
telecommunications
and
Company property and facilities.
b. To relay relevant information received such as damage reports from outlying
islands to the National DISMAC in the quickest possible manner.
c. To constantly update damage reports and restoration costs of FPTL properties
and facilities for the information of National DISMAC.
d. To provide effective telecommunication link and backup services to the DIS
MAC agencies involved in the emergency operation.
e. To ensure that services are restored in the affected areas as soon as possible.
SUDDEN DISASTERS
In the event of a sudden disaster e.g. earthquake, the Suva Radio 3DP staff on duty at the time will man the
Central Emergency Control Centre, to receive reports, etc., until such time as the Emergency Control Centre staff are in a
position to handle the operations.
EXECUTION OF TASKS
FPTL Emergency Control Centres shall be activated immediately when an alert is given for an impending disaster
event such as flood or cyclone; this shall be done in consultation with NDMO.
In the course of the emergency operations, FPTL shall carry out a roll call on all RT Operators at least once a day
and this will be further transmitted to National DISMAC through the direct teleprinter link or Hotline. Divisional Control
Centres shall arrange contacts between Divisional DISMACs and the various RT Operators in those divisions if need be.
If the situation warrants, National DISMAC shall contact RT operators direct
through it's own radio network with FPTL providing the necessary linkage.
The Central Emergency Control Centre shall be disbanded in consultation with
National DISMAC.
III-6
SECTION 3 @) PRINCIPLE ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES OF AGENCIES
RESTORATION OF SERVICES
During the emergency stage, FPTL shall liaise with National DISMAC on the state of FPTL facilities particularly
in the outlying islands and the restoration of services such facilities provide.
FPTL will as soon as possible, provide an initial report of damages in all the Divisions together with estimated
costs and timing of restoration of services. This report must be hand delivered or sent by facsimile to the Head of NEOC
and must be submitted within 48 hours after the disaster event.
DEPARTMENT OF LANDS
a. Provide maps and charts as may be needed by DISMAC.
b. Undertake aerial photographic survey immediately after a disaster the result of
which to be relayed to relevant agencies to facilitate damage assessment and analysis in their respective fields of
interest.
DEPARTMENT OF METEOROLOGY
a. Compile, update and advise on procedures for the issuance of Tropical Cyclone Alerts/Warnings as appropriate before
the official start of the cyclone season (Nov 1).
b. Issue alerts/warnings for tropical cyclones (high winds, heavy rain and storm surge) as warranted. This will be in the
form of Special Weather Bulletins (SWB). Alerts shall be issued about 36-48 hours before the likely onset of gales or
stronger winds. Warnings shall be issued when there is expected occurrence of gales or stronger winds within 24
hours.
c. Also ensure that formal announcement is made once it is all clear. Advise NDMC and other relevant
authorities of the issue of the first SWB containing alert or warning.
d. Prepare a report on each cyclone for the information of NDMC as soon as
possible after the passage of the cyclone.
DEPARTMENT OF MINERAL RESOURCES
a. Provide information and advice to NDMC on matters pertaining to earthquake,
tsunami and landslides.
III-7
SECTION
3 @ PRINCIPLE ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES OF AGENCIES
b. Issue tsunami warning messages for the country as soon as practicable.
c. Recommend evacuation where necessary in areas highly prone to landslides.
d. Conduct public education and information programmes on earthquake,
tsunami and landslide hazards where appropriate.
Administrative Support Services
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
a. Incorporate in the school curricula elementary disaster related information programme as advised by the
National Disaster Management Office.
b. On receipt of official warning, schools are to be closed and the safety of school
children promptly attended to.
c. Before the onset of the cyclone season, to make available school buildings and
facilities ready to be used, where necessary, as Evacuation Centres for disaster
victims, in consultation with District Officers.
d. Reopening of schools is subject to consultation with National DISMAC.
MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS
a. Control and maintain procedures on international assistance arrangements.
b. Provide liaison channel for all overseas involvement in post disaster relief and
rehabilitation assistance in conjunction with Ministry of Finance and Department of Regional Development.
c. Process through diplomatic channels, offers of and requests for overseas disaster assistance. Maintain Guideline on
International arrangements concerning International Disaster Assistance.
MINISTRY OF HEALTH
a.
Undertake public education programme on health and hygiene relating to natural disaster.
b.
Provide statistical information concerning vulnerable groups, i.e. lactating mothers, children under five
(pre-schoolers), etc.
III-8
SECTION 3 @) PRINCIPLE ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES OF AGENCIES
c. Provide full assessment on patient's condition for medical evacuation
consideration.
d. Provide emergency medical treatment of disaster victims and subsequent
hospitalisation if necessary.
e. Provide medicine, other medical supplies and equipment.
f. Institute preventive and curative measures to check and control occurrence and spread of disease.
g. Maintain sanitary conditions in disaster affected areas.
h. Check quality of water supplies in disaster affected areas.
i. Recommend evacuation as necessary and advise on medical resources to cover evacuation requirements.
j. Provide field hospital and resources at the disaster site, if necessary.
PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION
a. Issue appropriate Circular to all Ministries/Departments regarding release and enlistment of public servants for DISMAC duties before the
onset of the cyclone season.
b. Arrange for the release of public servants from official duties in the event of an impending disaster as well as their return to duty,
and inform through radio broadcast as appropriate.
MINISTRY OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT & HOUSING
a. Coordinate activities of Local Government Councils.
b. Provision of personnel and other resources, as required.
DEPARTMENT OF WOMEN & CULTURE
a. Under normal circumstance shall liaise with relevant community groups on
appropriate disaster preparedness education.
b. Coordinate the involvement of Women's groups in post-disaster work in
liaison with the Disaster Controller.
III-9
SECTION
3 @) PRINCIPLE ROLES
&
RESPONSIBILITIES OF AGENCIES
Media Services
MINISTRY OF INFORMATION
a. Provide factual reports and pictorial coverage of natural or man-made
disasters in Fiji where DISMAC is involved.
b. Provide liaison officers to work on a 24 hour duty roster as part of the National
and Division Emergency Operation Centres (NEOC and DivEOC) as soon as an
emergency operation is started.
c. All radio messages, except urgent warnings as stipulated in Section Four,
should be cleared by NEOC by the Information Liaison Officer prior to broadcasting by the two local Radio Stations.
d. Immediately after a disaster, whenever possible, a trained reporter /photographer would accompany whatever official
that goes out on the first reconnaissance – if this is an aerial reconnaissance. The task of the reporter / photographer is
to furnish the National DISMAC and other interested parties with an eyewitness report accompanied by photographs
as soon as possible.
e. Maintain a reporting and photographic presence in the affected areas for as
long as it is considered desirable.
f. Disseminate disaster preparedness information and campaigns.
FIJI BROADCASTING COMMISSION & FM 96
a. Provide necessary support in promoting disaster related public awareness as
directed
by
NDMO.
b. Broadcast warning and public information as required by National Disaster
Plan.
c. Maintain broadcast capability on 24 hour basis during disaster periods, as
notified by NEOC.
d. Advise the public on precautionary measures to take in times of disaster as
directed
by
NEOC.
III-10
SECTION
3 @) PRINCIPLE ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES OF AGENCIES
Disciplined Services
FIJI MILITARY FORCES
a. Provide a liaison officer to NEOC from the start of the emergency operation.
b. Provision of communications equipment and appropriate personnel to the
Emergency Operation Centres at the National, Divisional and District levels.
c. Provision of helicopter for medical evacuation, search and rescue, etc.
d. Provision of vehicles for general tasking.
e. Provide engineers to attend relevant tasks such as temporary bridging, etc.
f. Supply medical team to attend relevant tasks.
g. Supply tentage, catering staff etc to evacuation centres as and when required.
h. Provide engineering plant and operators to carry out debris clearance, etc.
i. Provision of additional manpower to provide urgent support under the District Officers.
POLICE FORCE
a. Provide liaison officers to NEOC immediately when a Cyclone Warning is issued.
b. Maintenance of law and order and protection of life and property;
reinforcement of critical areas as necessary in times of disaster.
c. Assist survey and assessment as required by Disaster Controllers.
d. Undertaken and coordinate land search and rescue operation.
e. Control movement in disaster areas and operational key points.
f. Assist evacuation operations as required by NEOC.
g. Develop disaster-related training within the Police Force.
h. Attend to deaths and injured and take action as appropriate.
i. Assist distribution of relief supplies and provide escort to accompany supplies
to intended destinations.
III-11
SECTION 3 @) PRINCIPLE ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES OF AGENCIES
FIJI NAVAL DIVISION
a. Provide Liaison Officer to NEOC immediately a Cyclone Warning is issued
until such time the emergency operations is over.
b. Provide ships to undertake specific tasks. Whilst in the outlying islands the ships will provide accommodation to work
party and communications between:
1) outer islands and Suva;
2) Fiji and other countries;
3) ground/ sea parties and search aircraft in the event of search and rescue operations.
c. Specific assistance includes:
x Provide search and rescue teams.
.
Provide diving teams.
.
Communication with aircraft on DISMAC duties.
.
Provide transport for emergency ration and other relief supplies.
.
Assist in medical evacuation missions.
.
Provide limited first aid assistance.
.
Provide limited repair facilities for shore and marine machinery.
.
Render salvage assistance where necessary to beached or sunken vessels.
PRISON DEPARTMENT
a. Provide a group of prisoners for road clearing, animal carcass disposal, etc. as
required
by
the
National Disaster Controller.
b. Supply manpower for assistance in burial and cremation activities as required
by the National Disaster Controller.
c. Assist in any other work that may be required by the National Disaster Controller.
d. Utilisation of the above services/resources shall be authorised by the National
Disaster Controller in consultation with the Commissioner of Prisons.
III-12
SECTION 3 @ PRINCIPLE ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES OF AGENCIES
Other NGO & Local Government
Support Services
FIJI COUNCIL OF SOCIAL SERVICES
The Fiji Council of Social Services provides training programmes for local NGOs working in pre- and post-
Disaster activities. It acts as a coordinating body for member agencies at both the national and local level, and as a
conduit for the funding of activities at the local level.
FIJI RED CROSS SOCIETY
a. Assist in public awareness campaign and training through branch officials and national headquarters.
b. Assist in post disaster survey and assessment particularly in the area of
welfare services in liaison with Disaster Controllers.
c. Issue clothing and basic household items such as cooking/eating utensils and
provision of emergency shelter such as tarpaulin if available.
d. Seek assistance from the International Federation of Red Cross and Red
Crescent Societies for international relief when required.
e. Devise and undertake other relief measures as appropriate in coordination
with Disaster Controllers.
f. Ensure adequate supply of blood is available. g. Assist in tracing of missing persons.
LOCAL GOVERNMENT SUPPORT TO EMERGENCY OPERATIONS
To ensure effective coordination and liaison, there should be a close association and interdependence between the
district DISMAC and the local government Council(s) in the district. The District Disaster Management Councils will
liaise with Local Government Councils providing whatever support possible. On the same token local government
councils should coordinate and liaise with District Officer and support emergency operations where necessary.
III-13
SECTION 3 @) PRINCIPLE ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES OF AGENCIES
LOCAL GOVERNMENT COUNCIL EMERGENCY COMMITTEE
Each Local Government Council shall establish an Emergency Committee. This should be done in consultation
with the appropriate District Officer because of the need to include representatives of other Ministries/Departments in the
Committee.
The Mayor or his Deputy as Chairman and responsible for overall direction and coordination. The Town Clerk as
Secretary/Coordinator. Members to include local government officials such as health inspectors, town engineer and
representatives of voluntary/service groups and Non-Governmental Organisations such as Fiji Electricity Authority, Fiji
Posts and Telecommunications Ltd and other agencies such as Red Cross and Saint John Ambulance Brigade.
Representatives of relevant government Ministries/Departments may be co-opted to the Committee at the discretion of
the Chairman.
RESPONSIBILITY
The Emergency Committee is responsible for any relief work, clearance of debris/roadblocks, restoration of
essential services, etc., caused by natural disasters that occur within its boundaries.
The Emergency Committee will prepare a plan for its disaster response activities. This plan will include
arrangements for coordination of activities and will specify resources available to the committee.
Whenever the magnitude of the disaster is such that the Committee cannot cope, under the terms of this Plan, the
District Disaster Management Council is to provide the necessary support. Government therefore is obliged to maintain
essential services, etc, and provide the means to deal with the emergencies.
EMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONS
The Committee is to have radio telephone capability at its operations room to ensure communications with
DISMAC is not disrupted.
COUNCIL RESOURCES
Before the onset of the cyclone season Local Government Councils will provide District Officers with an
inventory of resources under their disposal and lists of contact officers with full details.
III-14
SECTION 3 @ PRINCIPLE ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES OF AGENCIES
NGO Support to Disaster Management
Activities & Programmes
ORGANISATION
Non-Government agencies involved in disaster management activities and programmes are to seek effective and
efficient coordination of their activities. To this end, the Fiji Council of Social Services is represented at the National
level in the Disaster Management Council and is responsible for coordinating NGO support to the government's disaster
management activities. At the Divisional and District levels, NGOs will coordinate their activities through the local
Council of Social Services. The local Council of Social Services will deal directly with the Commissioners and District
Officers and coordinate all their support through these offices. During emergencies, all operational activities will be
coordinated by the District Officer.
PLANNING
NGOs and their coordinating bodies are to prepare plans for their disaster response activities. These plans will
outline the type and form of assistance that the NGO will provide and specify coordination arrangements with non-
government and government activities in emergency operations, relief and rehabilitation.
NGOs
and their coordinating bodies playa very meaningful role in the support of disaster relief, for example fundraising, relief distribution and
improvement in living conditions of disaster victims.
111-15
SECTION 3 @> PRINCIPLE ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES OF AGENCIES
SUPPORTING ACTIVITIES
NGO assistance to disaster management related activities is summarised as follows:
Prevention/Mitigation
a. Community education such as house construction and crop cultivation.
b. Implementation of development projects incorporating prevention and
mitigation measures.
c. Information dissemination.
Preparedness
d. Community education, for example, self-help measures, avenues of assistance
and
warnings.
e. Maintaining close consultation and liaison with District Officer.
f. Production of organisational plans and organizing exercises with other NGOS
and government to test the effectiveness of the Plan.
g.
Stockpiling relief supplies.
Emergency Response
h. Assessment and reporting of needs.
i. Assistance with search and rescue.
j. Provision of relief assistance to vulnerable groups such as children the disable,
aged or infirm and homeless.
k. General cleaning up.
1. Clearance of roads and tracks.
m. Counseling.
n. Distribution of emergency assistance.
o. First Aid.
p. Help with evacuation.
q. Information dissemination.
r. Pastoral care and comfort.
s. Provision of: emergency shelter, shelter materials, clothing, household items,
food, water, organised volunteer labour, medicine, comfort, evacuation centres, temporary storage, transport and
tracing services.
III-16
SECTION
3 @ PRINCIPLE ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES OF AGENCIES
Rehabilitation
t. Assessment and reporting of needs.
u. Assistance with specific recovery programs such as: rehousing, replanting, rebuilding, small industries, health,
feeding programs and repairing.
v. Counseling.
w. Encouraging self-help programmes.
x. Information dissemination.
y. Pastoral care.
z. Regular distribution of relief items.
III-17
Notes
SECTION
FOUR
Emergency Operations
SECTION CONTENTS
PERIOD OF EMERGENCY OPERATIONS .................................................................................. IV-1
STATE OF EMERGENCY............................................................................................................. IV-2
OPERATIONAL COMMAND & COORDINATION......................................................................... IV-2
WARNING ARRANGEMENTS...................................................................................................... IV-3
Public Broadcast & Dissemination of Warnings ............................................................................ IV-4
OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIES AT THE DIVISION & DISTRICT LEVEL ......................................... IV-5
SURVEY & ASSESSMENT........................................................................................................... IV-6
EMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONS............................................................................................. IV-7
DEBRIEFING & REVIEW.............................................................................................................. IV-7
SUMMARY OF ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL ............................... IV-8
SUMMARY OF ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES AT THE DIVISION & DISTRICT LEVEL .......... IV-10
SECTION FOUR
Emergency Operations
This part of the plan describes the actions and arrangements immediately before, during and immediately after
the disaster. During this emergency stage, the primary concern is to protect life and property, the restoration of essential
public services and to provide immediate relief to victims of disaster.
Period of Emergency Operations
Emergency Operations are initiated by the National Disaster Controller who is the Permanent
Secretary for Regional Development. Divisional Commissioners can initiate an emergency operation in their
area of responsibility after informing the National Disaster Controller. The National Disaster Controller is
responsible for advising the Chairman of the National Disaster Management Council (Minister for Regional
Development) when the disaster situation should cease to be dealt with under the operational terms of this part
of the plan, and when the remaining relief, rehabilitation and other needs can be covered under the normal
systems and processes of Government, as described in Section Five. Should the emergency operations period
exceed two weeks, approval is needed from Cabinet.
IV-1
SECTION 4 @) EMERGENCY OPERATIONS
State of Emergency
It is not necessary to have an official declaration of a state of emergency before an emergency operation can be
initiated. The State of Emergency can be declared by the Prime Minister or the Minister for Regional Development for
the whole country or parts of the country. This Declaration activates or formalizes special emergency regulations to
enable the Government to cope with a situation in which there are serious threats to human life and well-being or in
which people are unable to meet their basic survival needs. The situation where a state of emergency has not or not yet
been declared does not in any way restrict the viability of the provisions of this plan.
Operational Command & Coordination
When emergency operations are initiated, the National Disaster Controller will be in overall command. He will
exercise this command in close cooperation with the Emergency Committee of the National Disaster Management
Council (NDMC-EC). The Minister for Regional Development will be fully informed by the National Disaster
Controller and will provide policy guidance to the emergency operation. At Division and District level, the Divisional
Commissioner and the District Officer are in control of the emergency operation as Divisional and District Officer
respectively.
During emergency operations, the government resources are at the disposition of the National Disaster Controller.
This means that all Agencies, including the Disciplined Forces, are subordinate to the Disaster Controllers at their
respective levels. In addition, Agencies will have their own responsibilities for specific tasks within the emergency
arrangement, as outlined in the Agency Disaster Plans.
IV-2
SECTION 4 @) EMERGENCY OPERATIONS
Warning Arrangements
It is not always possible to predict the phenomena likely to cause natural disasters. However, in general terms,
cyclones, floods, some tsunamis should be predictable. In the case of earthquakes, little warning time is likely.
Knowledge on the factors that trigger landslides in Fiji is increasing but has not yet resulted in opera
tional warnings.
.
More information on processes and procedures involved in warning arrangements is contained in Appendix B.
Drought conditions develop slowly and can be watched over weeks or months of deficient rainfall. This is not covered
under the warning arrangements described here.
The agencies most likely to originate warnings applicable to this plan are:
x Fiji Meteorological Services Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre, Nadi TCWC.
(tropical-
cyclones)
.
Regional Meteorological Centre, Wellington, New Zealand. (tropical cyclone
warning as backup to Nadi
TCWC)
x
Fiji Meteorological Services, Nadi TCWC. floods related to tropical cyclones)
.
Public Works Department, Suva floods in general)
.
Mineral Resources Department, Suva. (earthquakes and possible aftershocks or
tsunamis, landslides)
.
Any government or non-government agency.
x Members of the public.
IV-3
FEA linesmen restore essential public
service after the disruption by Cyclone
SECTION 4 @ 'EMERGENCY OPERATIONS
A key principle to the operation of this plan is that the relevant warning information must be passed as soon as possible
to Ministers, officials and others who hold key decision making and associated responsibilities.
The relevant warning information is passed onto:
.
Minister for Regional Development
.
Members of the Emergency Committee of NDMC
.
National Disaster Controller
.
National Disaster Management Office
.
National Emergency Operations Centre (when activated)
.
Commissioner of Police
.
Divisional Commissioners
.
Department of Civil Aviation
.
Department of Marine
.
Fiji Defense Forces
Agencies responsible for public broadcast of warning information:
.
Fiji Broadcasting Corporation
.
Private broadcasting organizations
PUBLIC BROADCAST & DISSEMINATION OF WARNINGS
Special weather bulletins and other weather information is to be disseminated directly to the media for immediate
broadcast to the threatened community. Similarly, warnings related to tsunamis and earthquakes are to also be
disseminated directly to avoid losing valuable time. Flood warnings issued by the Meteorological Office or the Public
Works Department should also be broadcast directly. All other warning information is to be cleared by the National
Emergency Operations Centre, once it is activated, or by the National Disaster Management Office.
IV-4
SECTION 4 @ EMERGENCY OPERATIONS
Operational Activities at the National level
The major and primary operational action carried out from national level is to exercise overall command and coordination especially to provide
maximum operational support to the stricken area.
In addition, the following actions will also be normally required during the emergency stage:
a. Survey and assessment: If necessary, arrangements will be made by the
National Controller for aerial survey of the disaster area by employing government or chartered
local aircraft or by seeking assistance from overseas sources.
b. Urgent support personnel and equipment: As required by the situation, the National Controller will make
arrangements for the allocation of support personnel and equipment. In particular, he will make arrangements for
urgent medical personnel and equipment, for other specialist support, safeguarding of communications with the
stricken areas and the allocation of military staff for emergency tasks.
c. International assistance: During the emergency stage, all international assistance will be coordinated by the
National Disaster Controller and requested the Minister of Foreign Affairs.
Operational Activities at Divisional/District level
Much of the actual emergency operation is implemented from Divisional and District level. Under most disaster
circumstances, the likely requirements during the emergency operation for the stricken area are:
a. Survey and Assessment: To make a survey of the area to establish a preliminary assessment of damage, casualties
and relief requirements. This preliminary assessment will need to be augmented from follow-up survey(s).
b. Rescue: To rescue persons who may be trapped under debris, isolated by flood
waters, or need rescuing for any other reason.
c. Treatment and Care of Casualties: To dispose of the dead, to render first aid
and to identify needs in terms of medical treatment, hospitalisation and
medical evacuation and to deal with these needs accordingly.
IV-5
SECTION 4 @) EMERGENCY OPERATIONS
d. Clearance and Access: To clear main roads, airfields and ports in order to allow access to vehicles, aircraft and
shipping.
e. Communications: To re-establish essential telephone and radio links.
f. Evacuation: To determine whether persons need to be evacuated from the area immediately; or whether such a
requirement is likely to arise later. To carry out the necessary measures for the evacuation.
g. Shelter: To provide temporary shelter for victims whose housing has been destroyed, rendered unusable or unsafe due
to the disaster threat.
h. Food: To organise the transport of immediate relief food supplies to evacuees and other disaster
victims. To estimate food reserves available (including unharvested crops).
i. Water and Power Supplies: To re-establish water power supplies; or to make temporary arrangements for them.
j. Heath and Sanitation: To take measures to safeguard the health of victims and to maintain reasonable sanitation
facilities.
k. Security: To maintain law and order and especially to prevent looting and unnecessary damage.
1. Other Requirements: Other requirements, additional to the above, may be identified in varying disaster
circumstances.
Survey & Assessment
A key element in the management of emergency operations is the prompt availability of information on damage
and relief needs. Survey and assessment provides the National, Divisional and District Officers with the necessary
information to plan and implement the emergency operation.
The two vital areas covered by survey and assessment are:
1) to identify the impact of a particular disaster, and
2) to indicate what needs to be done in terms of emergency response, relief and
(later)
rehabilitation.
.
Emergency Operation Centres at National, Divisional and District levels are
responsible for the active collection of information for their respective emergency roles. They will make relevant
information available to others involved in the
IV-6
SECTION 4 @ EMERGENCY OPERATIONS
emergency operation. Survey and assessment information will be made available to the controllers at the respective
levels at least on a daily basis during the emergency stage.
PREPARED REPORTS
In addition to the daily briefings, the following reports will be prepared at
National and Divisional levels during the emergency stage:
1. Initial damage and relief needs assessment (within 48 hours).
2. Relief needs assessment report (within one week).
3. Damage assessment and outstanding relief needs report (within two weeks).
These reports are to be based on information and reports from DOs and survey teams, findings of air
reconnaissance and air-ground surveys, information from departments and other information provided to and acquired by
the Emergency Operation Centres.
Detailed information on procedures and arrangements for survey and assessment during the emergency stage, is
included in Appendix C.
Emergency Communication
Another key issue in the management of emergency operations are adequate communications arrangements,
including appropriate backup systems. The communications arrangements for emergency operations are described in
Appendix D.
Debriefing & Review
At the end of the emergency operation, the National Disaster Management Office, in cooperation with DSLOs
and NEOC, will prepare a debriefing and review of the emergency operation. The report will be submitted to NDMC for
its consideration. The report is based on previous reports and relevant observations. The report will include a description
of the disaster, an overview of the assistance provided and
IV-7
SECTION 4 @ EMERGENCY OPERATIONS
recommendations for improvement of the arrangements for the emergency operation. The report further identifies the
outstanding relief needs and proposes a strategy for on-going relief supplies for approval by the NDMC.
Summary of Roles & Responsibilities
at the National Level
During the emergency stage, roles and responsibilities deviate from the roles and responsibilities under
normal conditions. The following summarises roles and responsibilities at the National level during this stage.
NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT COUNCIL (NDMC)
.
Formulate policies for the emergency operation as far as possible during the
emergency
stage.
EMERGENCY COMMITTEE OF NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT COUNCIL (NDMC-EC)
.
Provide central coordination for the emergency operation.
.
Meet during the alert stage to review preparedness arrangements and prepare
for coordinated response.
.
Meet on a regular basis during the emergency operation to guide and direct the operation.
.
Instruct Agencies on the actions to be taken in the emergency operation.
NATIONAL DISASTER CONTROLLER
(Permanent Secretary for Regional Development)
.
Assumes control of the emergency operation and provides maximum operational support to the disaster stricken area
in close cooperation with the other members of the NDMC-EC.
IV-8
SECTION 4 @) EMERGENCY OPERATIONS
.
Chair meetings of the Emergency Committee of NDMC.
.
Direct other government departments to make government resources available
for the operation.
x Informs the Chairman of the National Disaster Management Council of the
progress of the emergency operation.
NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT OFFICE
.
Coordinates and manages the National Emergency Operations Centre (NEOC),
including arrangements for staffing and equipment.
.
Serves as secretary of the meetings of the Emergency Committee of NDMC.
.
Serves as secretary of the National Disaster Management Council.
.
Liaises with DSLOs to inform on decisions taken by the National Disaster
Controller and the NDMC-EC.
.
Assists the National Disaster Controller in the coordination of the emergency
operation.
NATIONAL EMERGENCY OPERATIONS CENTRE
.
Serves as the focal point at National level for all disaster related information
during the emergency operation.
x Gathers, collates, assesses and circulates information related to the emergency
operation.
.
Screens and issues disaster warnings and information to the public concerning
preparedness and safety.
.
Forwards urgent information to relevant Agencies for immediate action.
.
Provides operational and logistic support to the emergency operation.
.
Prepares daily briefings on the disaster situation to the National Disaster
Controller and other relevant parties.
.
Prepares damage and relief needs assessment reports.
.
Prepares press releases and other information to the general public or specific groups.
IV-9
SECTION
4 @ EMERGENCY OPERATIONS
DISASTER SERVICE LIAISON OFFICERS
x Serves as the point of contact within each agency for the emergency operation
and disaster management affairs in general.
.
Makes arrangements for emergency operations of the department in line with
decisions of NDMC-EC and/ or instructions of the National Disaster
Controller.
x Informs NEOC on Agency emergency operations.
x Provides timely and accurate information on damage and relief needs to the
NEOC in line with the Agency's specific responsibilities.
AGENCIES
.
Carry out emergency activities to protect life and property, restore essential services and provide, immediate relief in
line with the responsibilities of the Agency and its Disaster Plan.
.
Carry out additional emergency activities and make available staff and
equipment
upon
request
of the National Disaster Controller.
Summary of Roles & Responsibilities
at the Divisional & District levels
The roles and responsibilities during the emergency operation can be surnrnarised as follows.
DIVISIONAL COMMISSIONER
(Divisional Commissioner)
.
Initiates an emergency operation in one or more Districts or in the whole Division.
.
Assumes responsibility for coordination and control of the emergency operation at Division.
.
Chairs the Divisional Disaster Management Council.
IV-10
SECTION 4 @ EMERGENCY OPERATIONS
.
Directs other departments to make government resources at Division and
District level available for the operation.
.
Request relief supplies, equipment, personnel and other support for emergency
operations directly from the National Disaster Controller.
.
Informs the National Disaster Controller of the progress of the emergency operation.
DIVISIONAL PLANNING OFFICER
x
Assists the Commissioner in coordinating the emergency operation.
x
Coordinates and manages the Divisional Emergency Operations Centre,
including arrangements for staffing and equipment.
x
Serves as secretary of the Divisional Disaster Management Council.
DIVISIONAL EMERGENCY OPERATIONS CENTRE (DivEOC)
.
Becomes activated by the Commissioner at the start of an emergency operation.
.
Serves as the focal point at Divisional level for all disaster related information
during the emergency operation.
x
Gathers', collates, assesses and circulates information related to the emergency
operation.
.
Forwards urgent information to relevant Agencies for immediate action.
.
Provides operational and logistic support to the emergency operation.
.
Prepares daily briefings on the disaster situation to the Divisional
Commissioner, NEOC and other relevant parties.
.
Prepares damage and relief needs assessment reports.
DIVISIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT COUNCIL
x
Meets during the alert stage to review preparedness arrangements.
.
Meets on a regular basis after the disaster on request of the Divisional
Commissioner to coordinate the emergency operation.
.
Informs the Council on Agency emergency activities in the Division and at
District
levers.
IV-ll
SECTION 4 @ EMERGENCY OPERATIONS
x
Makes arrangements for emergency operations of the department in line with decisions of the Council and/ or
instructions of the Divisional Commissioner
AGENCIES (Division
& District)
x
Carry out emergency activities to protect life and property, restore essential services and provide immediate relief in
line with the specific responsibilities of the Agency and its disaster plan and in coordination with the Divisional
Commissioner.
.
Carry out additional emergency activities and make available staff and
equipment upon request of the Divisional Commissioner or District Officer.
DISTRICT OFFICERS
x
Assumes responsibility for coordination and control of the emergency
operations at District level.
x Chairs the District Disaster Management Council.
x Carries out a survey to establish a preliminary assessment of damage, casualties and relief needs.
x Informs the Divisional Commissioner on damage, casualties, relief needs and
required external assistance to cope with the emergency.
x
Coordinates and manages the District Emergency Operations Centre.
DISTRICT EMERGENCY OPERATIONS CENTRE
.
Becomes activated by the District Officer at the start of an emergency operation
.
Serves as the focal point at District level for all disaster related information
during the emergency operation.
x
Gathers, collates, assesses and circulates information related to the emergency
operation.
.
Forwards urgent information to relevant Agencies for immediate action.
.
Provides operational and logistic support to the emergency operation.
x
Prepares daily briefings on the disaster situation to the District Officer,
DivEOC, NEOC and other relevant parties.
.
Prepares damage and relief needs assessment reports.
IV-12
SECTION
4 @ EMERGENCY OPERATIONS
DISTRICT DISASTER MANAGEMENT COUNCIL
.
Meets during the alert stage to review preparedness arrangements.
.
Meets on a regular basis after the disaster on request of the District Officer to
coordinate the emergency operation.
.
Informs the Council on Agency emergency activities in the District.
.
Makes arrangements for emergency operations of the department in line with
decisions of the Council and / or instructions of the District Officer.
IV-13
Notes
Relief & Rehabilitation
SECTION CONTENTS
RELIEF & REHABILITATION ............................................... V-1
Principles for relief and rehabilitation ............................... V-2
DISASTER RELIEF ASSISTANCE......................................... V-3
Types of Disaster Relief Assistance .................................. V-3
REHABILITATION .................................................................. V-6
Support of Private Sector & Communities ........................ V-7
Additional Assessments for
Rehabilitation
Purposes..................................................... V-7
Rehabilitation
Programming ............................................. V-8
International Assistance for
Disaster
Rehabilitation.. .................................................... V-9
POST-DISASTER REVIEW
S E
<1\1
F
SECTION F I V E
Relief & Rehabilitation
Primary concern of the stage following the emergency operation is to provide ongoing relief to disaster victims,
carry out detailed damage and needs assessments and prepare and implement programmes to rehabilitate the country
after the disaster, including where possible, measures to reduce vulnerability of communities.
The relief and rehabilitation stage starts at the end of the emergency stage described in Section Four and,
depending on the extent of the disaster, can take up to
Primary concern of the stage following the
emergency operation is to provide ongoing relief to
disaster victims.
Above: A medical officer treats a victim's injuries.
Above right: Stranded victims of a disaster await
transport across the Ba River.
Right: School authorities of Loreto Primary School
view the damaged school building after Cyclone
Kina.
V-1
SECTION
S @
RELIEF
& REHABILITATION
six months or more. Assessments and relief operations already start during the emergency operation.
The ongoing relief assistance to the communities continue to be dealt with under responsibility of the Minister for
Regional Development through the National Disaster Controller, NDMO, Divisional Commissioners and District
Officers. When required, the NDMO will liaise with OSLO officers for coordination of ongoing relief assistance. As
stipulated in Section Four, NDMO will prepare a plan for ongoing relief assistance which will be submitted to NDMC.
Rehabilitation activities are in principle carried out within normal government procedures and regulations, but
with specific coordination, funding and project approval arrangements. The National Disaster Management
Office will coordinate the preparation of a rehabilitation programme under responsibility of NDMC. The
Council will advise Cabinet on the approval of the rehabilitation programme.
This part of the plan describes principles, activities and responsibilities for disaster relief, both during and after the emergency stage, and post-
disaster rehabilitation activities.
Principles for Relief & Rehabilitation
The role of the Government of Fiji in the relief and rehabilitation of the impacts of natural disasters, is based on the
following principles:
1. The Government is committed to provide relief assistance after natural disasters to fulfil the urgent needs of
disaster victims in as far as these needs cannot be met by the communities themselves; government relief
assistance supplements community efforts; it should not replace them.
2. The distribution of disaster relief supplies will be based on real, identified
needs; relief supplies will be purchased locally at market value when possible.
3. The distribution of relief supplies will take place in an orderly and equitable
manner, under responsibility of the District Officers.
4. The supply of relief goods should not in any way slow down or hamper rehabilitation efforts of communities.
5. Rehabilitation after natural disasters should in first instance be based on the
principle of self reliance.
6. Public sector rehabilitation efforts after natural disasters will cover rehabilita
tion of public sector assets as well
as
support to communities and the private
V-2
SECTION
5 @) RELIEF & REHABILITATION
sector in as far as community and private sector efforts cannot provide effective rehabilitation.
7. Public sector rehabilitation efforts will be based on full assessment of the impacts of the disaster, including direct and
indirect effects. Government efforts will be based on a comprehensive plan, integrating all sectoral rehabilitation
activities and special programmes. This plan will be drawn up under responsibility of the NDMC.
8. The Government stresses the importance of adequate disaster preparedness measures by communities as well as the
public and private sector. With adequate disaster preparedness, the Government will be able to better address needs,
both in disaster relief and in rehabilitation.
Disaster Relief Assistance
Disaster relief assistance is the assistance provided by or through Government or recognised NGOs to fulfill
urgent needs of disaster victims and restore essential services. Disaster relief assistance is provided during the emergency
stage and beyond that stage until communities have restored their self-reliance.
The term 'urgent needs' includes the following:
.
Food
.
Temporary shelter
.
Basic clothing
x Basic household utensils necessary for
food preparation
.
Access to safe water
x
Living conditions that do not give rise
to
disease
.
Medical attention/first aid
Above: Villagers queue up at the office of the Navua
District Officer to request Relief Assistance after
Cyclone Kina.
Right: Rations are unloaded after Cyclone Kina at a
Navua school for storage before distribution.
V-3
SECTION
5 @) RELIEF & REHABILITATION
TYPES OF DISASTER RELIEF ASSISTANCE
Disaster relief assistance includes the following types of assistance:
1. Materials and equipment: required to effectively carry out the emergency
operation, including the restoration of essential services.
2. Immediate relief assistance: Assistance provided to fulfill the urgent needs of
evacuees and heavily affected people during the emergency stage.
3. On-going relief assistance: Assistance provided to the affected population to
bridge the period between the disaster and the moment that communities
have regained self reliance.
MATERIALS & EQUIPMENT
In principle the District Officer will have basic materials and equipment at his disposition through preparedness
arrangements with the Agencies. However, additional materials and equipment may be required due to the nature or
intensity of the disaster. The need for such equipment and materials should be clear from the damage and needs
assessment reports prepared at the District level. The District Officer can request such relief assistance through the
Division.
The Agencies should also have basic materials and equipment readily available for the emergency operations in line with
the Agency Disaster Plan. However, additional equipment and materials may be required for the restoration of essential
services and other key activities during the emergency stage. These can be supplied as part of the disaster relief
assistance through the National Disaster Controller. The initial damage and needs assessment report, to be submitted by
the Agency within -- 48,
hours of the disaster, will indicate the need
of such relief assistance. Relief assistance may include the re-stocking of
damaged medical supplies and supplies related to the urgent needs of the
population.
Above: Assistance provided by New Zealand and
Australian helicopters greatly eased the work of
DISMAC in providing relief assistance.
Right: Cyclone Kina victims await the distribution
of relief rations.
V-4
SECTION
5 @ RELIEF & REHABILITATION
In exceptional circumstances, the need for materials and equipment for a successful emergency operation may be
very extensive. The National Disaster Controller, in close cooperation with the Emergency Committee of NDMC, will in
such case decide on the strategy to be followed.
IMMEDIATE RELIEF ASSISTANCE
Immediate relief assistance to disaster victims in designated evacuation centres only to be provided under the
responsibility of the District Officer. The District Officer will identify the population in need for such assistance as soon
as possible. The initial damage and needs report to be submitted by the District Officer within 48 hours of the disaster,
will include a first estimate of the population in need and the type of assistance required. The information will be
updated when more information becomes available through the assessments.
The proposed distribution of immediate disaster relief assistance is to be approved by the National Disaster
Controller. Relief supplies will be disbursed by the National Disaster Controller, in consultation with the Emergency
Committee of NDMC. Logistic support, including aircraft, trucks and manpower will be provided, subject to availability,
by the Divisional or National organisation when required in the local situation.
In the identification of required assistance for immediate relief, the District Officer will in particular
evaluate the following points:
.
Number of evacuees and the availability of food in the evacuation centers.
.
The availability of food in communities, including crops that can be salvaged,
and the remaining people in need for immediate relief food supply.
.
The number of families whose houses have been damaged and destroyed and
the subsequent need for temporary shelter.
.
The number of people affected by unsafe water conditions and the local avail
ability of water containers.
.
The need for household utensils and basic clothing following the people who
lost
these
belongings.
Two Agencies have specific responsibilities in relation to the urgent needs of the population after natural
disasters. The Public Works Department assumes responsibility for the provision of access to safe water, including the
management of an emergency water supply operation, the distribution of containers and other measures. The Health
Department takes appropriate measures to ensure that environmental conditions are such that these do not give rise to
increased health risks.
v-s
SECTION 5 @) RELIEF & REHABILITATION
Both Agencies work very close with the District Officer to meet these urgent needs of the affected population.
It is stressed that relief assistance is provided on the basis of urgent needs and that communities are expected to
be self-reliant to the extent possible. This includes the salvation of damaged food crops, the retrieving of household
goods and belongings and the solidarity and mutual assistance within communities.
ON-GOING RELIEF ASSISTANCE
Disaster relief assistance will in many cases have to be provided beyond the emergency stage. The Emergency
Committee of NDMC will decide on a strategy for ongoing relief assistance on the basis of a report prepared and
submitted by NDMO at the end of the emergency operation. The strategy proposed by NDMO will be based on available
reports on damage and relief needs and take into account the disaster relief assistance provided during the emergency
operation.
The implementation of disaster relief assistance beyond the emergency operation will be coordinated by NDMO
and implemented through the Divisional Commissioners and the District Officers. NDMC will decide on operational and
logistic support for these activities upon recommendation of NDMO.
The basic aim of ongoing disaster relief assistance is to provide for the urgent needs of communities and
individuals until they have regained their self-reliance. It bridges the gap e.g. in subsistence farming areas between the
destruction of crops and the availability of new crops. Disaster relief assistance should not in any way reduce or slow
down communal and individual activities to regain self-reliance. Such disaster relief assistance is considered counter
productive and should be halted.
FOOD RELIEF ASSISTANCE
Disaster relief assistance in the form of food will be supplied on an equitable basis to people that are not able to
meet their own needs and cannot be supported by their respective communities to fulfil those needs. Communities and
individuals are expected to take adequate preparations before disasters to ensure the availability of food after the disaster,
and to recover, to the extent possible, damaged food crops for consumption.
In general, there is at least some food available after cyclones to cover immediate food needs. Food relief supply
may not be needed until as long as eight weeks after the cyclone, depending on the situation. The strategy for relief food
supply will take fully into account a realistic assessment of the available foodcrops after the disaster. Individuals and
communities are expected to take all necessary actions to regain their self-reliance in terms of food as soon as possible.
Even then, especially in
V-6
SECTION S @ RELIEF & R
EHABILITATION
communities that rely completely on food crops for their source of income, subsistence crops or cash crops, relief food
supplies may be required until up to six months after the disaster.
Relief food supplies will be based on guidelines provided by the National Food and Nutrition Committee. The
relief supply strategy will give adequate priority to vulnerable groups like children under age five, pregnant women and
elderly people. The supply will, to the extent possible, take into account the cultural and religious food requirements of
specific groups.
INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE FOR DISASTER RELIEF
International assistance for disaster relief will only be requested by the National Disaster Controller after an
official appeal for international assistance is made. All requests for international assistance will be based on identified
needs.
All international assistance will be based on a request by the National Disaster Controller or a recognized NGO.
Un-itemized and unsolicited relief supplies should not be accepted, other than by the National Disaster Controller.
Other provisions and guidelines for international assistance and NGOs are given in Section Three and in
Appendix F at the back of this book.
ROLE OF NGOs IN DISASTER RELIEF ASSISTANCE
The disaster relief assistance provided by NGOs should fulfill the same requirements as disaster relief assistance
provided by Government. Assistance should be fully coordinated with the District Officer in order to avoid overlap and
duplication. Preferential distribution to specific groups will not be accepted.
Other provisions and guidelines for NGOs are given in Section Three.
Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation, in the context of this plan, are all activities undertaken after a natural disaster, that aim to help
disaster affected areas to return to their proper level of functioning. Government is firmly committed towards the
provision of assistance to the communities and the nation for rehabilitation. It sees rehabilitation as a coordinated effort,
in which sectoral activities and special rehabilitation programmes are carried out on the basis of a rehabilitation plan. If
possible, these rehabilitation efforts should also contribute to a reduction of the vulnerability of communities and public
V-7
SECTION
5 @ RELIEF & REH~BILITATION
and private assets, in order to reduce the impact of future natural disasters.
Rehabilitation will not start on a large scale until the emergency operation is completed. The rehabilitation period
can take up to six months or longer, depending on the scale of the disaster. The implementation of rehabilitation
programmes and projects may take up to two or three years after the disaster.
RESPONSIBILITIES
The National Disaster Management Office (NDMO) will coordinate the preparation of a comprehensive disaster
rehabilitation plan. The Office will cooperate closely with the Planning Department in order to link the rehabilitation
plan to ongoing development planning. DSLOs of all relevant Agencies will contribute to the rehabilitation plan by
holding consultations within their agencies on required rehabilitation needs. NDMO will submit the plan to NDMC
within three months after the end of the emergency period. NDMC will evaluate the proposal and prepare a recom-
mendation to Cabinet, including proposed funding.
The implementation of rehabilitation activities will be assigned to separate agencies, but the National Disaster
Controller will continue to coordinate rehabilitation efforts. NDMO will provide operational coordination in the
implementation stage.
TIMING
Preparations for the rehabilitation programming and implementation will already start during the emergency
operation, especially for essential services. The National Disaster Management Office will start its consultation for
rehabilitation programming immediately after the emergency operation on the basis of the final report of the operation.
Additional assessments will start simultaneously with the consultations. A prioritized programme for rehabilitation
should be available to the NDMC within three months after the end of the emergency stage. This should lead to an
approved programme, including commitments for international assistance, within five months after the disaster.
Depending on the scale of the disaster, the schedule for the preparation of rehabilitation programmes can be reduced.
Implementation of programmes can take several years, but is takes place under normal government regulations,
with only special reporting requirements to NDMC and operational coordination provided by NDMO.
V-8
SECTION
5 @ RELIEF & REHABILITATION
SUPPORT OF PRIVATE SECTOR & COMMUNITIES
Government involvement in disaster rehabilitation is not limited to the rehabilitation of government assets. It also
includes support to communities and the private sector in their rehabilitation efforts. This support is given to complement
the efforts of communities and the private sector, and should not replace those efforts.
ADDITIONAL ASSESSMENTS FOR REHABILITATION PURPOSES
The assessments carried out during the emergency period are sufficient for the planning of relief assistance. For
rehabilitation purposes however, additional assessments will be required. Because rehabilitation programming is mainly
undertaken at national level, the additional assessments for rehabilitation purposes will be coordinated at National level
by NDMO.
Assessments for rehabilitation purposes will give accurate information on damage to government assets, including
roads, bridges, schools etc. and will seek to obtain accurate information on damage to private and community assets,
including agriculture, housing, schools and others. Assessments are to take fully into account previous assessments and
the baseline data available at different levels, in order to avoid duplication of the assessments.
NDMO will, on the basis of available information and consultations with Disaster Controllers and DSLOs,
prepare a schedule for the additional assessments. Divisional and District level Agencies and Disaster Controllers will be
fully involved in the assessments, in order to use their expertise and gain support for rehabilitation plans. Agencies are to
provide relevant staff for these assessments. In addition, some agencies will have their own damage assessment
requirements, as set out in the Agency disaster plans. These activities are to be fully coordinated with NDMO, and the
results will be made available to them.
Once the programme areas are identified, additional assessments may be required to provide a sufficiently
accurate cost-basis for rehabilitation proposals. These assessments are considered part of the programme preparation and
are the responsibility of the Agency. NDMO will however be informed of the assessments, for coordination purposes.
REHABILITATION PROGRAMMING
The disaster rehabilitation programme is prepared under responsibility of the National Disaster Management
Council (NDMC) by NDMO. To identify all relevant areas for rehabilitation planning, NDMO will hold consultations
with all Divisional
V-9
SECTION
5 @) RELIEF & REHABILITATION
and District Officers, and with DSLOs of all Agencies. On the basis of these consultations, and the result of assessments,
NDMO will request DSLOs to formulate specific programme activities.
Preparation of the rehabilitation programme will be done in close relation to the existing development
programmes and programmes for international assistance. The rehabilitation programme will include proposals to
modify existing development programmes and programmes for international assistance. Close cooperation is therefore
required with the Agencies involved in development planning and programming of international assistance.
The following programme areas will receive special attention in the rehabilitation planning process (main responsible
Agency between parenthesis):
1. Rehabilitation of agriculture after floods and cyclones: cash crops and subsistence farming, livestock
rehabilitation, provision of seeds for garden rehabilitation, replacement of lost fisheries equipment and other
relevant measures. (Ministry of Agriculture)
2. Rehabilitation of urban and rural housing after disasters: provision of assistance through existing schemes or
separate, provision of cyclone resistant building materials for risk reduction. (Regional Development, Housing)
3. Reconstruction programme: for public and committee-run schools, including
provision of lost study materials. (Education)
4. Reconstruction and re-establishment of Health facilities: including replenishment of lost stocks etc. (Health)
5. Rehabilitation of infrastructure: roads, bridges, government buildings. (Public
Works)
6. Rehabilitation of urban and rural water supply systems (Regional Development, Public Works)
PRIORITIES IN REHABILITATION PROGRAMMING
Depending on the extent of the disaster, and the available resources for rehabilitation, it may be necessary to
prioritize rehabilitation activities. If required, a proposal for the prioritization of rehabilitation efforts will be prepared by
NDMO for consideration by NDMC. NDMC will then propose a prioritized rehabilitation programme to Cabinet for its
consideration.
Principles for assigning priorities by NDMO include the following:
1. High priority for activities that are essential for regaining self reliance of
communities and that cannot be met from other sources;
V-10
SECTION
5 @ RELIEF & REHABILITATION
2. High priority for the rehabilitation of public services that are essential for the
well being of communities, including education, health care, safe water supply;
3. High priority for the rehabilitation of key infrastructures that are essential for
economic
activities
in the country.
IMPLEMENTATION OF REHABILITATION PROGRAMME
The implementation of the rehabilitation programme will be done through normal, sectoral government
procedures. However, operational coordination for the implementation will be provided by NDMO, and the National
Disaster Controller will be regularly informed on the progress of the rehabilitation activities. The National Disaster
Management Council (NDMC) will review progress of the rehabilitation when required.
INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE FOR DISASTER REHABILITATION
International assistance for disaster rehabilitation will be requested when the rehabilitation programme is beyond
the national capabilities to cope. The Chairman of the NDMC will advise the Prime Minister on this matter, after
consultation with the NDMC.
When it is clear that international assistance will be requested, donors will be briefed regularly on the progress of
rehabilitation programming by the National Disaster Controller. This provides the opportunity to, in an early stage,
coordinate the programming with possible assistance from donors. When the rehabilitation programme is agreed in
principle by Cabinet, a donor briefing will be organized by the National Disaster Controller, in cooperation with the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, to inform donors on the programme and seek their support.
The disaster rehabilitation programme will take into account the existing programmes implemented with
international assistance. It will suggest modification of these programmes when appropriate in order to reflect the actual
situation after the cyclone or in order to include measures to reduce future risks.
V-11
SECTION 5 @ RELIEF & REHABILITATION
Post-Disaster Review
Within six months after each natural disaster NDMO will carry out a post disaster review. The review includes
pre-disaster preparedness of public and private sector, the disaster, the emergency operation, relief and rehabilitation.
The review will formulate specific recommendations for revision of disaster plans and other actions to improve the
performance in future natural disasters. The report and recommendations will be submitted to NDMO. NDMC will
consider the recommendations and direct further action.
For the purpose of the report NDMO has free access to all information it deems necessary to review the disaster
and its response, including financial information. In preparation of the report, NDMO will consult all relevant parties,
including the affected population, NGOs, District Officers, Divisional Commissioners and DSLOs.
V-12
Notes
Mitigation, Publ
ic
Awareness & Training
SECTION CONTENTS
MITIGATION, PUBLIC AWARENESS & TRAINING.........VI-l
DISASTER MITIGATION ............................................................. ...VI-2
AGENCY PREPAREDNESS ARRANGEMENTS ............................VI-3
PREPAREDNESS MEASURES ..............................................VI-3
National
Level. .................................................................VI-3
Divisional/District
Level ..................................................VI-4
Municipal
Level ...............................................................VI-4
Community
Level.............................................................VI-5
PUBLIC AWARENESS GUIDELINES ..................................VI-5
What the Community Needs to Know..............................VI-6
TRAINING GUIDELINES ......................................................VI-8
In-Country
Training .........................................................VI-8
Training
Staff
&
Facilities..............................................VI-12
Overseas
Training
Assistance ........................................VI-12
SECTION SIX
Mitigation, Public
Awareness & Training
This part outlines procedures and arrangements for activities that are carried out outside the context of one
specific disaster. These activities are sometimes described as pre-disaster activities, since they refer to actions taken to
prepare society for the next disaster. Disaster mitigation, preparedness, public awareness and disaster related training are
the ongoing concerns in disaster management, and should be part of development efforts in Fiji.
The National Disaster Management Council (NDMC) is responsible for the formulation of policies on disaster
mitigation, preparedness, public awareness and training. NDMC has formed two Committees to effectively address
disaster mitigation and preparedness. The National Disaster Management Office is the central agency for the
implementation and coordination of these policies. The central role of the National Disaster Management Office does not
in any way reduce the obligation of other agencies to carry out adequate pre-disaster measures in line with their agency
disaster plans.
The National policy statement on disasters stipulates the establishment of mechanisms and facilities for the
development of strategies to minimise disaster
impact in line with the International Decade
for Natural Disaster Reduction, outlines the need for appropriate
training and mentions the National Disaster Awareness Week as a
tool to create awareness.
Following the Standard Building Code will save money and
heartache in the future.
VI-l
SECTION
6 @ MITIGATION, PUBLIC AWARENESS & TRAINING
Main pre-disaster activities include the following:
.
Disaster mitigation plans and projects, including hazard assessment, vulnerability analysis and disaster reduction
programmes.
.
Disaster preparedness activities of government agencies.
.
Activities to improve the capabilities of communities to cope with natural disasters by improving their
awareness.
.
Training of government officials, NGO-staff and communities in disaster pre
paredness, emergency operations and post-disaster recovery.
Disaster Mitigation
& Prevention
Disaster mitigation measures are adopted in anticipation of future natural disaster in order to reduce the impact of
those disasters. Disaster mitigation activities are undertaken on the basis of assessment of potential hazards and
vulnerable conditions in the society. Disaster mitigation measures can be specific project activities, as well as form part
of the overall development efforts of Fiji.
The National Disaster Management Council is responsible for the formulation of policies for disaster mitigation.
Starting point of the Council is that substantial disaster reduction can be achieved through disaster mitigation measures
in line with the objectives of the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR). Central agency for
the coordination and implementation of these policies is the National Disaster Management Office, who will involve
other departments as appropriate for studies and activities.
The assessment of hazards to which Fiji is exposed is a technical matter, which will be carried out under
responsibility of the relevant technical departments. The Mineral Resources Department is the agency for assessments of
earthquake and landslide risks in Fiji. Flood hazards, both coastal and riverine floods, are assessed under responsibility
of the Department of Drainage and Irrigation.
The analysis, identification and implementation of programmes will involve many government departments in
their own specific field. These may include cyclone resistant rural housing programmes under the Ministry for Regional
Development, programmes to reduce the vulnerability of agriculture under the Ministry of Primary Industries, flood
control and watershed management by Public works and MPI. Other aspects to be considered under disaster mitigation
policies may include flood warning systems, land use management, drainage, forestry and others.
VI-2
SECTION 6 @) MITIGATION, PUBLIC AWARENESS & TRAINING
Agency Preparedness Arrangements
All agencies are to have in place adequate preparedness measures and proce-
dures to minimize the damage inflicted by natural disasters to government assets. Prior
to the cyclone season agencies will review and update these arrangements, and inform
the National Disaster Management Office on the state of readiness of the agency.
Agencies which have a specific role in natural disaster emergencies are to
review their disaster response procedures annually prior to the cyclone season. The
agencies will report on their response arrangements and name
their Disaster Liaison Officers to the NDMO.
Preparedness Measures
NATIONAL LEVEL
The National Disaster Preparedness Committee, a subcommittee of the NDMC is responsible for planning,
promoting and implementing disaster preparedness activities and programmes for the country.
The Committee has adopted the following mission statement:
a) To continuously raise the level of public awareness and concern over the real
costs and downstream impact of the damages from natural disasters;
VI-3
Above: Building collapse
-
Why?
Below: Deforestation, indiscriminate cultivation and poor soil conservation techniques have
increased erosion and caused heavy silting of waterways. All of these lead to increased risk of
flooding and damaging infrastructure, such as the Ba bridge shown here.
SECTION 6 @ MITIGATION, PUBLIC AWARENESS & TRAINING
b) To recommend improvements to institutional and organisational structures
and responsibilities pertaining to natural disaster awareness at all levels in Fiji;
c) To initiate and suggest improvements to the legislative framework governing
all natural disaster-related laws in Fiji and to suggest effective enforcement
procedures where necessary;
d) To analyse and advise on the training needs of the nation for natural disaster
preparedness, and the means of attaining coordinated and cost-effective
training;
e) To establish a simple but effective data base on natural disaster damage and
protective control mechanisms as a guide for policy direction and programme
development;
f) To look into and advise on the most cost effective means of translating national
policy and directions to action programmes in the field.
DIVISIONAL & DISTRICT LEVELS
Commissioners of Divisions and District Officers should take appropriate steps to ensure that the following
preparedness measures do exist:
a) Emergency Plan for the Division/District readily available and operational and
updated from time to time;
b) Conduct simulation exercise to test the effectiveness of Emergency Plans;
c) Identify evacuation centres and arrange for their engineering survey before the onset of the cyclone season;
d) Identify and inventories resources for emergency use and ensure that such
resources are fully operation;
e) Plan, organise and coordinate public education programme and training;
f) Maintain a simple and effective database to facilitate immediate post disaster
survey and assessment;
g) Arrange periodic meetings of Disaster Management Councils to carry out
disaster planning and organisation and co-opt other interest parties where
necessary;
h) Ensure that all project proposals take into account counter disaster component
prior to consideration.
VI-4
SECTION 6 @ MITIGATION, PUBLIC AWARENESS & TRAINING
MUNICIPAL LEVEL
Municipal level administrations will take the following measures to enhance disaster preparedness:
a) Provide support to public education campaign and training where necessary; b) Conduct regular meetings of the
Disaster Committee;
c) Ensure that Emergency Plan is available and updated;
d) Provide resources to support DISMAC preparedness activities where appropriate;
e) Make available an inventory of resources to support DISMAC disaster
management
activities.
COMMUNITY LEVEL
Provincial and Indian Advisory officials will, in as far as possible render necessary support to the following:
a) Public education campaign and dissemination of information programme;
b) Ensure that a simple data base exists in order to respond effectively to
community needs;
c) Establishment of Village/Settlement Disaster Plans;
d) Identification of projects to minimise disaster impact;
e) Conduct community survey on certain aspects of disaster management;
f) Provide representative in the Divisional/District Disaster Management Councils.
Village Disaster Management Council will ensure that:
a) Preparedness measures mentioned in their disaster plan are implemented in good time;
b) People are fully conversant with the requirements of the Disaster Plan;
c) Backup facilities such as water tanks, etc. are readily available and in good working condition.
VI.5
SECTION @ MITIGATION PUBLIC AWARENESS & TRAINING
PUBLIC AWARENESS GUIDELINE
AIM
Government policy aims at developing a programme of public awareness in order to develop self reliance
particularly at community level. This is to enable the community to meet their immediate needs following a disaster
event and to develop the spirit of community solidarity, leaving government to concentrate on urgent tasks of national
interest.
The national public awareness programme therefore aims to as far as possible develop and promote an informed,
alert and self-reliant community capable of meeting its own needs in support of Government in all relevant disaster-
related matters.
RESPONSIBILITIES
The National Disaster Preparedness Committee is responsible for planning, organising and implementing public
awareness activities, with day to day matters being delegated to the National Disaster Management Office. The
undermentioned disaster-related agencies are required under the national disaster awareness policy to formulate, develop
and promote appropriate awareness programme in their respective fields in cooperation with the national programme:
x
Ministry of Health
x
Ministry of Agriculture
x
Ministry of Lands
x
Ministry of Transport
x
Ministry of Public Works
x
National Food and Nutrition Committee
x
Fiji Red Cross Society
x
Fiji Council of Social Services
x
Ministry of Education, Science and Technology
x
Fiji Electricity Authority
x
Fiji Posts and Telecommunications Limited
VI-6
SECTION
6 @ MITIGATION, PUBLIC AWARENESS & TRAINING
WHAT THE COMMUNITY NEEDS TO KNOW
Fiji's public awareness programme is centered on a number of important considerations, namely:
.
The effect of disaster;
.
The best immediate action to take personally and by families and other community groups;
.
How best to help other members of the community;
.
Government plans to assist the community;
.
How best to respond to the public warning system;
.
How to improvise shelter and sustenance until help arrives.
NATIONAL DISASTER AWARENESS WEEK
The National Disaster Awareness Week programme is conducted annually during the month of September.
Planning and Organisation of the week and its actual conduct is the responsibility of the National Disaster Preparedness
Committee with NDMO providing support where appropriate. Members of the Committee are obligated to provide
whatever support possible in line with the aims and objective of the week.
INFORMATION CHANNELS
Those involved with the following channels should, as far as possible, assist in communicating the required
information to the community:
x
FPTL for disaster related information in the telephone directory.
x
Radio and Television: Fiji Broadcasting Commission and Television One.
x
Daily Newspapers: Fiji Times Limited and Fiji Post.
x
Cinema proprietors. (a short film of a previous disaster to serve as a reminder)
x
National Disaster Awareness Week.
x
Community gatherings/meetings of various kinds.
x
Sporting events, shows, festivals, etc.
x
Church, mission and similar sources.
x
School curricula.
x
Voluntary organisations and welfare/social groups.
x
Provincial and Indian Advisory Councils network.
x
Police information channel.
VI-7
SECTION @ MITIGATION, PUBLIC AWARENESS & TRAINING
PROGRAMME EVALUATION
The National Disaster Preparedness Committee is responsible for monitoring and evaluating the national public
education programme and should take appropriate steps to review existing arrangements and adopt new strategies. The
NDMO will then initiate the implementation of the Committee's decision.
Training Guidelines
The National Disaster Management Office is responsible for the implementation of training programmes
necessary to ensure effective utilization of this plan. NDMO will prepare an annual training programme, including
budgetary requirements, and submit this to the National Disaster Management Council for approval. The following
paragraphs describe guidelines to be used in the preparation of this training programme.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this section basically is to outline training requirements that apply to Fiji, in particular those
needed to ensure the effective utilisation of this Plan.
RESPONSIBILITY
The National Disaster Preparedness Committee is responsible for formulating, developing and promoting training
strategies for the country. The NDMO Plans, organises and conducts appropriate training programme in line with the
policy direction set by the National Preparedness Committee.
IN-COUNTRY TRAINING
Training undertaken includes:
1)
DISASTER AWARENESS COURSE
Aim
To train leaders and workers in the rural community, in the whole area of disaster awareness covering the broad
spectrum of prevention, preparedness,
VI-8
SECTION
6 @) MITIGATION, PUBLIC AWARENESS & TRAINING
response and recovery and the long term relief and rehabilitation to enable them to better understand and cope with
disaster management as a whole in their respective communities.
Duration
5 days (in-centre)
Contents
x
National disaster management policy
x
Preparedness
x
Roles and Operational Procedures
x
Principles and Practicalities of Disaster Management
.
Safety and Security of Buildings
x
Social and economic implications
Methodology
Presentations, syndicate discussions, exercises, field tour syndicate presentations, panel discussion on the basis of
syndicate presentations and formulation of course recommendations.
Resource Persons
Relevant government and non-government officials and overseas disaster officials, if available.
Participants
District Officers, Provincial heads (Roko Tuis) or their deputies, Chairman or their Deputies Indian Advisory
Councils.
Sponsorship
Hanns Seidel Foundation
Venue
Centre for Appropriate Technology and Development (CATD)
2)
BASIC DISASTER RESPONSE MANAGEMENT COURSE
Aim
The course is aimed at teaching participants the various means of responding to a disaster situation and the
management of activities involved.
VI-9
SECTION 6 @) MITIGATION, PUBLIC AWARENESS & TRAINING
Duration
5 days (in-centre)
Contents
x
Policy and Disaster Management
x
Operational Procedures
x
Disaster Prevention/Mitigation and their applications
x
Practicality of Preparedness
x
Emergency Relief Measures
Methodology
Presentations, syndicate discussions, indoor exercises, field trip/exercise, syndicate presentations panel discussion
on the basis of syndicate presentations and formulation of course recommendations.
Resource Persons
Representatives of relevant government organisations and overseas disaster
officials, if available.
Participants
Key personnel who are responsible for emergency and related areas, officials who may be required to serve in an
operation room in times of disaster and those in the course of their normal duties handle operational matters.
Sponsorship
Hanns Seidel Foundation
Venue
Centre for Appropriate Technology and Development (CATD).
3)
DISASTER AWARENESS WORKSHOP
Aim
To develop participants' effectiveness in planning, organising and conducting activities related to the National
Disaster Awareness Week.
Objectives
Key objectives include:
.
to identify roles and responsibilities of organisations involved in the conduct of
VI-10
SECTION 6 @ MITIGATION, PUBLIC AWARENESS & TRAINING
disaster education and establish ways and means of strengthening existing arrangements;
x
to identify strategies to adopt, to encourage public participation and involvement particularly at
village/settlement levels;
x
to devise methods of evaluating the programme in order to gauge its effectiveness or otherwise on the basis of
which to develop future programme;
x
to identify major problem areas associated with the programme and seek
x
possible solutions to such problems.
Contents
x
Disaster Threat and the need for Public Awareness
x
Planning and coordination of Public Education Programme
x
Methods of Public Education
x
Main Aspects of Public Education Programme
x
Government/Community Understanding and Cooperation
x
Evaluation of Disaster Awareness Programme
x
Final workshop conclusions
Duration
1 day
Participants
Key personnel in government and non-government organisations responsible for emergency and related work who
are involved in planning, coordinating and conducting public education and awareness programme.
Resource Persons
Representatives of relevant International and regional organisations and institutions as well as government and
non-government agencies.
Sponsorship
Sponsorship is normally secured through the Hanns Seidel Foundation.
VI-ll
SECTION @)ITIGATION, PUBLIC AWARENESS & TRAINING
TRAINING STAFF & FACILITIES
NDMO is given the responsibility for overseeing day to day training needs. Members of this unit should first
receive training at an overseas disaster management establishment. Local resources should be utilised to the full in the
formulation and implementation of training programmes. Government Training Centre should as far as possible make
available its facilities and assist in the formulation development and promotion of disaster training in the country. GTC
should secure appropriate sponsorship through the bilateral aid programme with other countries.
OVERSEAS TRAINING ASSISTANCE
Training assistance has been consistently provided largely through the following institutions:
Asian Disaster Preparedness Centre, Bangkok, Thailand through its six (6) week Disaster Management Course.
Sponsorship is secured through International donor assistance such as USAID and AIDAB.
Australian Emergency Management Institute, Melbourne. Training consists of a series of short courses. This
is part of the Australia Pacific Disaster Preparedness Programme which Fiji is part of.
Other overseas training institutions that conduct disaster management training which relevant officials could take
advantage of are as shown:
Cranfield Disaster Preparedness Centre, RMCS, Shrivenham, Swindon, United Kingdom. The Centre offers
an International Course on Counter Disaster (six-week programme) annually during July / August.
University of Wisconsin, Extension, USA. The Disaster Management Centre at the University is developing
courses related to a Diploma in Disaster Management and this is available to relevant officials through extension.
University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia. The University offers degree programme related to
disaster management. This programme is suitable for those who wish to make a career in disaster management
related field.
VI-12
Stages of Emergency
Operations
APPENDIX
CONTENTS
STAGE
1: ALERT (White) ..........................................................A-1
STAGE 2: WARNING (Yellow)..........................................................A-3
STAGE 3: ACTION (Red) ........................................................A-4
STAGE 4: STEP DOWN (Green) ..................................................A-5
APPENDIX A
Stages of Emergency
Operations
This appendix gives a summary of characteristics and responsibilities during the different stages of emergency
operations. At the National level, each of the stages of operation is activated by the Permanent Secretary for Regional
Development, in his capacity as National Disaster Controller, or by his representative. At the Divisional and District
levels, the Divisional Commissioner or his representative can activate stages of operation for one or more Districts or for
the whole Division.
Stage 1: ALERT (White)
Stage 1 will be activated when:
a. A tropical cyclone alert is issued by the Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre in
Nadi. Stage 1 will then be activated in all areas for which the cyclone alert is given.)
b. The relevant authorities (Public Works or Meteorological Service) warn of a significant threat of the
occurrence of floods in specified parts of Fiji. Stage 1 will then be activated for the Districts or Divisions for
which flood warnings are issued. Stage 1 will also be activated at the National level when, to the opinion of
the National Disaster Controller or his representative, an emergency operation at the National level may
become necessary given the threat.
A-1
APPENDIX A
STAGES OF EMERGENCY OPERATIONS
c. In the opinion of the National or Divisional Commissioner there is a possible
threat of any natural disaster.
When Stage 1 is activated, the following actions will be taken:
NATIONAL LEVEL
x
The National Emergency Operations Centre will be activated, initially during
office hours, to coordinate information and provide operational support.
x
The general public and specific communities at risk will be informed of the disaster threat and of counter
measures to be taken. Information will be prepared by NEOC for distribution through relevant channels, in
particular national broadcasting.
x
The Emergency Committee of NDMC will convene to review preparedness
arrangements, and prepare for coordinated disaster response.
x
Each of the Agencies will take necessary precautions in line with their agency
disaster
plans.
DIVISIONAL LEVEL
.
The Divisional Emergency Operations Centre will be activated, initially during
office hours, to coordinate information and provide operational support.
.
Agencies and the population at risk will be warned through the relevant channels.
.
The Divisional Disaster Management Council will convene to review preparedness arrangements, and prepare for
coordinated disaster response.
.
Each of the Agencies will take necessary precautions in line with their agency
disaster
plans.
DISTRICT LEVEL
.
The District Emergency Operations Centre will be activated, initially during
office hours, to coordinate information and provide operational support.
.
Agencies and the population at risk will be warned by the District Officer
through the relevant channels.
.
The District Disaster Management Council will convene to review prepared
ness arrangements, and prepare for coordinated disaster response.
.
Each of the Agencies will take necessary precautions in line with their agency
disaster
plans.
A-2
APPENDIX A @ STAGES OF EMERGENCY OPERATIONS
Stage 2: WARNING (Yellow)
Stage 2 will be activated when:
a. A gale, storm, or hurricane warning is issued for one or more parts of Fiji.
b. The relevant authorities (Public Works or Meteorological Service) warn of the
likely occurrence of floods in specified parts of Fiji. Stage 2 will then be activated for the Districts or Divisions
for which flood warnings are issued. Stage 2 will also be activated at the National level when, to the opinion of
the National Disaster Controller or his representative, an emergency operation at the National level may become
necessary given the threat.
c. In the opinion of the National or Divisional Commissioner there is a possible
threat of any natural disaster.
When Stage 2 is activated, the following actions will be taken:
NATIONAL LEVEL
x
The National Emergency Operations Centre will be operational on a 24 hour
basis, to coordinate information and provide operational support.
x
The general public and specific communities at risk will continue to be informed of the disaster threat and of
counter measures to be taken. Information will be prepared by NEOC for distribution through relevant channels.
x
Each of the Agencies will inform their staff, put people on stand-by and take
necessary precautions in line with their agency disaster plan.
DIVISIONAL LEVEL
.
The Divisional Emergency Operations Centre will be operational on a 24 hour
basis to coordinate information and provide operational support.
.
Agencies and the population at risk will continue to be informed of the threat
through the relevant channels.
.
Each of the Agencies will inform their staff, put people on stand-by and take
necessary precautions in line with their agency disaster plan.
A-3
APPENDIX A @) STAGES OF EMERGENCY OPERATIONS
DISTRICT LEVEL
x
The District Emergency Operations Centre will be operational on a 24 hour
basis to coordinate information and provide operational support.
x
Agencies and the population at risk will continue to be informed of the threat
through the relevant channels.
x
Each of the Agencies will inform their staff, put people on stand-by and take
necessary precautions in line with their agency disaster plan.
Stage 3: ACTION (Red)
Stage 3 will be activated when a natural disaster has occurred in Fiji or parts of Fiji. It will normally become
operational when the immediate danger has passed.
RESPONSIBILITIES
During Stage 3 the National Disaster Controller has the government resources at his disposal. He can instruct
Agencies to make equipment and manpower available for specific emergency operations. The emergency operation is
coordinated through the Emergency Committee of NDMC, with possible requests by the NEOC to agencies for
immediate action.
At the Divisional level, a similar pattern is followed: the Divisional Commissioner, in his capacity as Divisional
Commissioner, can instruct Agencies, at Divisional level, to make manpower and equipment available. The emergency
operation is coordinated by the Commissioner through the Divisional Disaster Management Council, with possible direct
requests from the Emergency Operations Centre to agencies for immediate action.
At the District level, the District Officer coordinates the emergency operation through the District Disaster
Management Council, with the possibility of direct requests from the Emergency Operations Centre to agencies for
immediate action.
A-4
APPENDIX
A @ STAGES OF EMERGENCY OPERATIONS
Stage 4: STEP DOWN (Green)
Stage 4 will be activated when, according to the National Disaster Controller, the emergency operation, with its
associated activities and responsibilities can be terminated and when relief and rehabilitation activities can be
implemented under normal government rules. This will be no longer than two weeks after the start of Stage 3, except
with specific approval from Cabinet.
A-5
Notes
A P P E N D I X
Detailed Information on
Alerts & Warning
A P P E N D I X C O N T E N T S
TROPICAL CYCLONE ADVISORY SYSTEM .................................................................... B-1
Designation of Special Weather Bulletins........................................................................ B-2
Dissemination of Public Alerts & Warnings...................................................................... B-3
Timings of Alerts & Warnings .......................................................................................... B-3
Terminology
Used
in
Bulletins ......................................................................................... B-4
Termination of Warnings.................................................................................................. B-4
Aviation & Marine Warnings ............................................................................................ B-4
FLOOD WARNINGS .................................................................................................................. B-5
TSUNAMI WARNINGS .............................................................................................................. B-5
EARTHQUAKE WARNINGS...................................................................................................... B-6
LANDSLIDE WARNINGS .......................................................................................................... B-6
APPENDIX
B
Detailed Information on
Alerts & Warnings
Tropical Cyclone Advisory System
The Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre (TWTC) in Nadi is responsible for providing specific information and
advice concerning tropical cyclones occurring in the South Pacific Region. It will issue:
Routine Weather Bulletin
.
Issued at regular times to give weather information and forecasts to the
general public or to marine interests.
Special Weather Bulletins
.
Issued whenever the need arises to put the community on the alert, to give progress reports on developments, or to
give specific warnings of tropical cyclones or other disturbances. Each Special Weather Bulletin shall contain a
serial number and time of issue.
"Flash" Bulletins
.
Special Weather Bulletins designated as warnings will normally be issued every three hours.
If information becomes available which points to a substantial change in the situation,. thus invalidating the
current warning, a Special Weather Bulletin will be issued as soon as possible to inform the public of the sudden
change in the situation. Such an intermediate bulletin will be brief and contain essential
B-1
