untitled

At its 5

meeting in Copenhagen in November 2008, the GFDRR Consultative Group asked the Secretariat to focus on a

select group of priority countries to achieve increased impact.

In GFDRR’s Track II, Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Development, this lead to a prioritization of operations in 20 core

countries, including Burkina Faso, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Ghana, Haiti, Indonesia, Kyrgyz Republic, Madagascar,

Malawi, Mali, Marshall Islands, Mozambique, Nepal, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Senegal, Solomon

Islands, Togo, Vietnam,

and Republic of Yemen.

The countries were selected due to their high vulnerability to natural hazards and low economic resilience to cope with

disaster impacts including anticipated climate change and variability. Two thirds of the countries are least developed

countries and twelve are highly indebted poor countries. Nine are from Africa and several others are Small Island States

at high risk.

These 20 core countries will receive 80 percent of available funds while 20 percent will be made available for ﬂexible, innovative,

high impact grants, such as those that catalyze increased investment programs and integration of disaster risk reduction and

climate change adaptation in development in any disaster prone country.

GFDRR will also systemize and deepen its engagement in eleven single donor trust fund countries, including Bangladesh,

Cambodia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Lao PDR, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Timor-Leste,

and

Vanuatu

, using funding made available by the concerned donors.

To develop a strategic and integrated vision, GFDRR is preparing comprehensive programs for disaster risk management

and climate change adaptation for the next three to ﬁve years in each of the priority and donor earmarked countries.

THE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS OF PROGRAMS

A multi-stakeholder planning process lays the foundation for the comprehensive national programs for disaster risk

reduction and climate change adaptation. The process ensures the facilitation of ownership by governments for their risk

reduction agenda and the initiation of larger strategic partnerships and disaster risk reduction platforms.

In each priority country, the following steps are undertaken to develop the country programs:

investigation of a) the underlying risk factors and b) the progress in the ﬁve priority areas of the Hyogo Framework

for Action;

stocktaking of ongoing risk reduction and climate change adaptation programs by key stakeholders, including UN

agencies, multilateral and bilateral donors, and other partners;

FOREWORD

GLOBAL FACILITY FOR DISASTER REDUCTION AND RECOVERY

identiﬁcation of key gaps at national, sector, and local levels;

solicitation of proposals from different government and non-government entities and concerned donor agencies;

analysis of the solicited proposals and consensus building in a consultative process involving a range of stakeholders,

including relevant government ministries, UN organizations, multilateral and bilateral donors, INGOs and civil society

actors;

development of strategic comprehensive programs of support based on the gathered information.

Criteria used for the selection of the proposed activities include the relevance in addressing underlying risk factors,

the leveraging potential of future disaster risk management interventions, and meeting the challenge of increased risk

reduction activity synchronization and synergy building across various donors and thereby improving the quality and

effectiveness of donor aid in the DRM arena.

The presented programs are indicative and further dialogue with the Governments and other partners will reﬁne the

agendas as the detailed planning and implementation phases start. At the sixth meeting of the GFDRR Consultative

Group in Geneva, disaster risk management plans are put forward for 25 out of the 31 priority and donor-earmarked

countries. The plans for the six remaining countries of Burkina Faso, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Senegal, and Timor Leste

will be submitted at the seventh meeting of the GFDRR Consultative Group since consultations in these countries are

still ongoing.

ACHIEVING OUTCOMES

A set of priorities has emerged which will drive the GFDRR supported risk reduction agenda for the next three to ﬁve

years.

Knowledge, advisory, and capacity building on all levels

. Many countries are undergoing a substantial shift in

DRM structures, roles and responsibilities away from classical disaster response functions to multi-sectoral and ministerial

development agendas around risk reduction and climate change. It will require a strong investment in national capacities for

Governments to lead and implement the comprehensive risk reduction agendas and to coordinate between ministries. Local

authorities at district level will also require technical support to put new strategies into practice.

Intensiﬁed support for sectoral mainstreaming

. The programs identify the Governments’ demand for technical and

managerial support to develop sector speciﬁc risk reduction strategies and priority program investments. The most urgent

investments are linked to the hydro-meteorological sector in ﬂood protection and mitigation of storm damages due to increased

severity of changing weather patterns.

Coordination of disaster risk management and climate change adaption agendas.

Disaster risk reduction and

climate change adaptation should largely be managed as one integrated agenda. Both agendas have a few differences

but many overlaps. Many of the country programs aim to integrate the two agendas and strengthen the coordination

between climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction institutions. The resulting climate risk management

approach treats existing and future climate-related risks as one continuum, generates social and economic beneﬁts in

the short term, while also reducing vulnerability to long-term changes in climate.

Comprehensive risk assessments

. Many countries have made progress in sector speciﬁc hazard assessments but

there is practically no targeted country within the GFDRR framework that has developed a comprehensive hazard risk

assessment system where data is easily collected, analyzed and shared with various stakeholders either within the

DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS FOR PRIORITY COUNTRIES

VII

government or with external constituencies. Generally, the scope of monitoring systems will have to be expanded in most

countries while investments in advanced technology are required.

Better risk ﬁnancing models to alleviate macro and micro economic loss of assets due to disasters

. The

area of risk ﬁnancing is emerging as a macro-economic issue of great importance, most notably as all countries face

signiﬁcant loss in GDP by a wide range of natural hazards. Most GFDRR core countries therefore strive to develop

innovative ﬁnance instruments including Disaster Management Funds for response and recovery activity as well as

Catastrophe Insurance risk ﬁnancing models to cover losses to state and private sector assets. Pooling risks at a macro-

economic level as well as ﬁnding micro-insurance schemes for individuals at a community setting prove how complex and

diverse the needs are for innovative ﬁnance instruments.

Improved engagement of civil society and community actors in building resilience on local levels to ensure

a bottom up process to mainstreaming risk reduction priorities

. The country programs address the need for an

increased decentralization of DRM management responsibilities to local authorities on provincial, district and communal

level. Mainstreaming and leveraging of DRM programs at national level will be complemented through strengthening

human resources, appropriate tools and empowerment of institutions at the point of service delivery.

Strategic partnerships with other development actors including regional Banks, bilateral donors, the UN

system, INGOS and civil society.

The GFDRR funding requests are built on a thorough in-country assessment

process with relevant government ministries, the UN system, the Red Cross and Red Crescent movement, INGOs, local

civil society actors, and other partners. All country assessments have clearly concluded that one single organization

cannot tackle the rising demands of integrating a comprehensive risk reduction and climate change adaption agenda

alone. However, the coordination mechanisms are often still weak and a large number of donors with speciﬁc technical

agendas are not part of a broader risk reduction platform. GFDRR will strengthen existing and initiate new partnerships

for its work as a technical engine for DRM excellence and a catalyst for leveraging investments into mainstreaming

risk reduction and climate change in a larger development agenda. The new round of program proposals is built on a

promising commitment by many in-country partners to a joint DRM agenda that is executed by a wide range of partners,

including the Governments, UN, civil society, bilateral donors, and other partners.

VIII

GLOBAL FACILITY FOR DISASTER REDUCTION AND RECOVERY

Table:

GFDRR Priority and Donor Earmarked Countries

Country

Region

LDC

(Least

Developed

Country)

Income

group

Lending

Category

HIPC

(Heavily

Indebted

Poor

Country)

SIDS

(Small

Islands

Developing

State)

LLDC

(Landlocked

Developing

Country)

2009 Priority Countries

Burkina Faso

AFR

Yes

Low

IDA

Yes

Ethiopia

AFR

Yes

Low

IDA

Yes

Ghana

AFR

Low

IDA

Yes

Madagascar

AFR

Yes

Low

IDA

Yes

Malawi

AFR

Yes

Low

IDA

Yes

Mali

AFR

Yes

Low

IDA

Yes

Mozambique

AFR

Yes

Low

IDA

Yes

Senegal

AFR

Yes

Low

IDA

Yes

Togo

AFR

Yes

Low

IDA

Yes

Indonesia

EAP

Lower

middle

IBRD

Marshall Islands

EAP

Lower middle

IBRD

Yes

Papua New Guinea

EAP

Low

Blend

Yes

Solomon Islands

EAP

Yes

Low

IDA

Yes

Vietnam

EAP

Low

IDA

Kyrgyz Republic

ECA

Low

IDA

Yes

Haiti

LAC

Yes

Low

IDA

Yes

Panama

LAC

Upper

middle

IBRD

Djibouti

MNA

Yes

Lower

middle

IDA

Yemen,

Rep.

MNA

Yes

Low

IDA

Nepal

SAR

Yes

Low

IDA

Yes

Donor Earmarked Countries

Cambodia

EAP

Yes

Low

IDA

Lao PDR

EAP

Yes

Low

IDA

Yes

Timor-Leste

EAP

Yes

Lower middle

IDA

Yes

Vanuatu

EAP

Yes

Lower middle

IDA

Yes

Colombia

LAC

Lower

middle

IBRD

Costa Rica

LAC

Upper middle

IBRD

Ecuador

LAC

Lower

middle

IBRD

Guatemala

LAC

Lower

middle

IBRD

Bangladesh

SAR

Yes

Low

IDA

Pakistan

SAR

Low

Blend

Sri Lanka

SAR

Lower middle

IDA

Income Group:

All economies are divided based on 2007 gross national income (GNI) per capita, calculated using the World Bank Atlas
method. The groups are: low income, $935 or less; lower middle income, $936–3,705; upper middle income, $3,706–11,455;
and high income, $11,456 or more.

Lending category: IDA countries are those that had a per capita income in 2007 of less than $1,095 and lack the ﬁnancial ability to borrow from

IBRD.

I. Country Programming (80% of GFDRR portfolio)

Core Countries

3 Year

Budget

2009 - 2011

2009

2010

2011

20 Core Countries*

$135,382,000

$35,000,000

$55,000,000

$45,382,000

Donor Earmarked Countries**

$71,224,000

$15,000,000

$30,000,000

$26,224,000

Total (80% of funding request)

$206,606,000

$50,000,000

$90,000,000

$66,606,000

II. Flexible grants for leveraged impact (20% of GFDRR portfolio)

$41,321,000 $11,000,000 $15,000,000 $15,321,000

Total Country Programming and Flexible Grants

$247,927,000

* This includes an average budget projection of $ 6 million for the ﬁve African countries for which GFDRR program plans
2009-2011 are not ﬁnalized: Burkina Faso, Madagaskar, Malawi, Mali and Senegal for a total of $ 30 million.

** This includes a budget projection of $ 5 million for a GFDRR country program in Timor Leste.

Global Facility for Disaster Risk Reduction

and Recovery

Budget Framework 2009-2011

Track II

SUMMARY

GLOBAL FACILITY FOR DISASTER REDUCTION AND RECOVERY

I. Core Country Programming
(80% of GFDRR portfolio)

Program priorities 2009-2011

Africa

1. Ethiopia

$5,000,000

a) Support DRM policy and legislation develolpoment, b) risk proﬁling (hazard/
vulnerability/coping) at woreda level

2. Ghana

$5,300,000

a) Establish Regional Platforms for DRR and CRM , b) assessment of future
needs, and design of a multi-hazard EWS

3. Mozambique

$5,050,000

a) Review and pilot hazard norms, b) feasibility study for catastrophe insurance

4.Togo

$8,100,000

a) Capacity building for effective natural disaster risk management and
preparedness on all levels, b) Community based pilot activities to mitigate impact
of extreme events in fragile areas

Sub Total Africa

$23,450,000

*with Burkina Faso, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali and Senegal the budget is anticipated to increase to $

53,450,000

East Asia and Paciﬁc

5. Indonesia

$15,050,000

a) Mainstreaming of DRR in sectoral development programs, b) capacity building
of national, provincial and local disaster management agencies

6. Marshall Islands

$1,500,000

a) Implementation of the NAP,b) Climate-prooﬁng water supply systems

7. Papua New Guinea

$2,600,000

a) Capacity Building on National Disaster Centre & Key agencies in the areas, b)
Conduct Hazard Maps, Digitizing and Spatial Information

8. Solomon Islands

$3,300,000

a) Support the integration of DRM, including DRR and CCA, b) Guadalcanal Flood
Plain Management regime and warning system

9. Vietnam

$15,000,000

a)NAP Implementation, b) risk ﬁnancing options, c)strengthen the hydrological and
meteorological capability

Sub Total East Asia and Paciﬁc

$37,450,000

Eastern Europe and Central Asia

10. Kyrgyz Republic

$10,000,000

a) Hydromet Services Modernization, b)capacity building for DRM, c) disaster risk
ﬁnancing

Sub Total Eastern Europe and Central Asia

$10,000,000

Latin American Countries

11. Haiti

$4,600,000

a) Sector speciﬁc DRR institutional capacities, b) Development of local DRR
expertise, c) Risk assessment and monitoring capacity

12. Panama

$5,194,000

a) Integrate risk reduction into national planning systems,
b) Risk assessment platform c) sectoral mainstreamimg

Sub Total East Asia and Paciﬁc

$9,794,000

Middle East and North Africa

13. Djibouti

$3,728,000

a) Strengthening institutional DRM capacities, b) risk assessment platform

14. Yemen

$10,560,000

a) Protect at-risk areas from ﬂoods in Ibb, b) National Early Warning System

Sub Total MENA

$14,288,000

South Asia

15. Nepal

$10,400,000

a) Enhancing weather forecast, b) School & Hospital emergency planning, c)
enhancing emergency response capacity

Sub Total South Asia

$10,400,000

GFDRR BUDGET 2009-2011 BY COUNTRY

DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS FOR PRIORITY COUNTRIES

Total Core Countries

$135,382,000

*with an overall anticipated budegt of $30,000,000 for Burkina Faso, Madakaskar, Malawi, Mali and Senegal

II. Donor Earmarked Countries

Program priorities 2009-2011

16. Cambodia

$5,350,000

a) Build DRM components in Transport and Health Sectors,
b)Consolidate Phase I GFDRR activities in Svay Rieng and Pray Veng provinces/
expand to 3 provinces of Eastern Mekong Delta

17. Lao PDR

$5,450,000

a) Develop DRM components within Education, Health and Transport Sector, b)
interate DRM component in Khammouane (Province) Development Project, and a
second province

18. Vanuatu

$5,000,000

a) Risk mapping to support town planning and village development, b) NAP
implementation and its integration with arrangements for CCA

19. Colombia

$4,834,000

a) Municipal disaster vulnerability reduction project, b) Risk assessment platform,
c) strengthening the policy framework, tools and institutional coordination

20. Costa Rica

$3,412,000

a) Enhance CNE’s institutional capacity, b) Risk assessment platform

21. Ecuador

$4,984,000

a) DRM capacity building of local governments, b) assistance to reduce seismic
vulnerability

22. Guatemala

$4,944,000

a) Development of territorial planning, b) designs for mitigation measures for
critical infrastructure.

23. Bangladesh

$14,300,000

a) Comprehensive Disaster Management Program with the MoFDM and Disaster
Management Bureau,b) vulnerability reduction of health facilities, c)training and
capacity building of a National Volunteers Force

24. Pakistan

$6,000,000

a) Strengthen existing and new forecasting and early warning systems for hydro
metrological events, b) development and implementation of a school safety
program

25. Sri Lanka

$11,950,000

a) Operationalizing the Disaster Management Fund, b) Landslide management
project: Nuwara Eliya c) Flood Management Project - Gampaha District

Total Donor Earmarked Countries

$66,224,000

*with an anticipated budegt of $5,000,000 for Timor Leste

$71,224,000

Areas of prioritization

1. High Impact grants for policy change in committed countries

2. South to South Cooperation

3. Mainstreaming DRM through “bottom up” local action

4. Supporting regional initiatives

5. Integration of DRM and CCA initiatives

6. Focus on micro insurance and ﬁnance pilots

Total Flexible Grants

$41,321,000

TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMING AND FLEXIBLE GRANTS

$247,927,000

GFDRR BUDGET 2009-2011 BY COUNTRY

FLEXIBLE GRANTS FOR LEVERAGED IMPACT

(20% of GFDRR portfolio)

2 / DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS FOR PRIORITY COUNTRIES

AFRICA

ETHIOPIA

The preparation of the Ethiopia Disaster Risk Management (DRM)

Plan comes at a very opportune moment because of: a) the

recent (and ongoing) Business Process Re-engineering (BPR)

throughout the government, which has considerably transformed

structures and stafﬁng at several ministries, including the Ministry

of Agriculture and Rural Development; b) the development of

a new National Policy on Disaster Risk Management, which

is expected to be submitted to Parliament by July 2009 and

potentially ratiﬁed in 2010; and c) a new mandate and approach for Disaster Management and Food Security Sector

(DMFSS) to shift from a focus on ex-post emergency response and relief work to the much broader ex-ante disaster risk

reduction. DMFSS is also a lead agency for issues related to climate change.

To prepare the Country DRM Note, consultations were undertaken with members of the World Bank’s Ethiopia

Country team and the DMFFS, and meetings were held with Ministry of Health, Ministry of Water Resources, National

Meteorological Agency, Environmental Protection Authority, European Commission, WFP, UN-OCHA, UNDP, UN-ECA,

UNICEF, FAO, DFID, USAID, FEWS-NET, DMFSS Livelihood Integration Unit, SC-UK, IFPRI, Oxfam-US, CARE, Relief

Society of Tigray, and the Ethiopian Red Cross.

The matrix of priority areas and actions for DRM and estimated budget allocations were discussed and cleared at a

debrieﬁng meeting held at DMFSS on May 15, 2009 with wide participation of stakeholders from Government, donors,

and NGOs. There is strong support and ownership and endorsement by DMFSS for the matrix of priority areas and

actions.

1. DISASTER RISK PROFILE

A wide range of natural hazards are present in Ethiopia,

including drought, ﬂoods, landslides, human and animal

diseases, pests, earthquakes, and urban and forest ﬁres. Recurrent drought and ﬂoods in particular have the most severe

impacts on people’s lives in Ethiopia. The country’s vulnerability to natural disasters is due to a number of inter-linked

factors. These include dependence on rain-fed agriculture, under-development of water resources, land degradation,

low economic development, and weak institutions. Furthermore, with a population of 80 million people, Ethiopia is the

second most populous country in Sub-Saharan Africa, and has a relatively rapid annual population growth rate of 3.2%.

With a GDP of US$200 per capita, Ethiopia is also one of the world’s poorest countries.

2. DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK

The recent (and ongoing) Business Process Re-engineering (BPR) process throughout the government

during 2008-2009 has restructured the institutional arrangement for disaster risk management,

and

established the Disaster Management and Food Security Sector (DMFSS) under the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural

Development (MoARD), with a signiﬁcant shift in policy direction. DMFSS oversees two directorates: the Food Security

Program Directorate (FSPD) and the Early Warning and Response Directorate (EWRD).

ETHIOPIA / 3

3. KEY DONOR ENGAGEMENTS

There are many ongoing donor activities in DRM in Ethiopia. A major challenge is to better coordinate efforts between

Government, donors, NGOs and civil society to provide a more integrated and effective DRM program that is synergistic

and not duplicative and/or contradictory.

World Bank and Other Donor-Supported Projects Related to DRM in Ethiopia

Ongoing Projects and Organizations

Indicative budget, years

HFA

activity
area(s)

World Bank Projects

Facilitating Provision of Baseline Vulnerability Information on Flood-Exposed
Communities in Ethiopia (GFDRR Track II)

$550,000

2008-2010

Mitigating Impacts of Adverse Shocks on Nutrition and Health (GFDRR Track II)

$745,000

2008-2010

2, 4

Weather Risk Management Framework using Weather-Based Indices (GFDRR
Track II)

$660,000

2008-2010

2, 4

WMO/IGAD Climate Predictions and Applications Center (ICPAC) (GFDRR
Track I)

$473,000

2008-2010

1, 2

Economics of Adaptation to Climate Change (EACC) – Ethiopia Case Study

$80,000

2008-9

2,3,4

Food Security Project (World Bank, CIDA; DFID; Italy)

$85 million IDA, with other donor

funds to a total of $110 million,

2002-2009

1,2,4,5

Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) II (multi-donor project)
Ë includes a speciﬁc component for risk management

$175 million WB/IDA contribution

with other donor funding to a total

of $906 million; 2007-2010

1,2,4,5

Pastoral Community Development Project (PCDP) II APL
Ë includes a speciﬁc component for risk management

$80 million

2008-2013

1,2,3,4,5

Protection of Basic Services in Ethiopia (PBS) II

$540 million IDA plus donor

contributions, 2009-2014

2,4,5

Ethiopia Financial Sector Capacity Building (National Bank of Ethiopia; NMSA;
Ethiopia Inst of Banking & Insurance; IMF; IFAD)

$15 million

2006-2009

Rural Capacity Building Program
(WB/CIDA program)

$54 million WB/IDA,

$17 million CIDA

2006-2011

1,4

Ethiopia National Nutrition Project

$21 million IDA, 2008-2013

2,4

Irrigation and Drainage Project

$100 million IDA, 2007-2015

2,4,5

Eastern Nile Flood Preparedness and Early Warning

$3.5 million (Phase I)

2007-2010

2,4,5

Sustainable Land Management (SLM) Country Program (IDA, GEF, GTZ)

$19.6 million IDA

2008-2013

1,2,4,5

Tana and Beles Integrated Water Resources Development Project (World Bank,
Finland; MoWR; river basin organizations; regional BoARDs; ENTRO)
Ë includes a speciﬁc component for risk management

$45 million IDA

2009-2013

2,4,5

(Cont.)

4 / DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS FOR PRIORITY COUNTRIES

AFRICA

World Bank and Other Donor-Supported Projects Related to DRM in Ethiopia

Ongoing Projects and Organizations

Indicative budget, years

HFA

activity
area(s)

Donor Projects

UNDP Program for Food Security and Recovery

$4.4 million for 2009

2009-2011

1,2,4,5

UNDP Recovery Strategy for Ethiopia

Salary for 1 international and 3

national, 2009

1,4,5

UNDP Technical Assistance (IT Support) for DMFSS

$300,000 (estimated), 2009

1, 2

UNDP/BCPR Early Recovery Program

$3 million, 2009-2011

1,2,4,5

WFP Managing Environmental Resources to Enable Transition to Better
Livelihoods Project (MERET)

Planned budget for 2009: about

32,000 MT food

1,2,4,5

WFP Relief Program (save lives and livelihoods in emergencies through food
and non-food relief)

$4.9 million

4,5

WFP HIV/AIDS (multi-donor fund, PEPFAR, Global Fund)

$22 million; $43 million with other

donor contributions, 2008-2010

3,4

WFP Food for Education (CIDA, US Government)

$43 million, (2007-2011)

4,5

WFP Targeted Supplementary Feeding Program

$1.2 million

4,5

USAID Livelihoods Integration Unit

$5 million

2004-2009

1,2,3,4,5

USAID Miscellaneous Activities: Support for Preparation of New DRM Policy,
support for Preparation of Multi- Hazard Proﬁles

2008-2009

1, 2

USAID Support to Bahir Dar University

$300,000 per year

2008-2010 (?)

USAID Famine Early Warning Security Network (FEWS NET)

???

1,2,3

FAO SLM Activities (Land tenure/administration, Participatory Forestry Manage-
ment (PFM)/Natural Resource Management (NRM), watershed management)

$1.6 million

2009-2011

2,4,5

DFID: Productive Safety Nets Project

Approx $30-40 million per year

2006-2012

1,2, 3,

4, 5

DFID: Risk Transfer

Approx $15 million 2010

2, 5

ETHIOPIA / 5

4. GLOBAL FACILITY FOR DISASTER REDUCTION AND RECOVERY (GFDRR):

ACTION PLAN

HFA Priority Areas

Key Partners*

Estimated

GFDRR

Budget for

2009-2011

Already

Approved

GFDRR

Funding for

2008-2010

HFA 1: Strengthen national disaster risk management strategies and institutions

Support for Ethiopia to become a signatory to the Hyogo Framework

for Action (HFA), and to establish a National Platform for DRM by
strengthening existing platforms dealing with issues related with
DRM
Finalization of new DRM Policy, with process of awareness building

and advocacy
Support for development of DRM Implementation Strategy and Plan

Support for preparation of DRM legislation

Institutional and capacity assessment of DRMFSS, line ministries,

and regional, and woreda levels to implement new DRM approach
Support to line ministries to mainstream DRM into sectoral strategies

and plans
Capacity needs assessment and subsequent capacity building

at national, regional and woreda levels (e.g., training, computers,
transport logistics and communication equipment including
cellphones and PDA) to implement DRM
Develop software and application packages to use woreda.net and

other IT technologies/systems an integrated DRM information and
communication links between kebele, woreda, regional and national
levels
Funding for DRM Technical Advisor for DMFSS

Funds for selected short-term consultancies

UN-ISDR, IGAD,

ECA, UNDP,

USAID, DFID

$1,300,000

HFA 2: Ensure risk and vulnerability assessments, early warning and contingency planning and ﬁnancing – in both

rural and urban areas

1) Risk Assessments:

Technical support to develop methodology and implementation

modalities of risk proﬁling (hazard/vulnerability/coping) at woreda
level (including collection of additional data to build upon existing
livelihood zone baselines and hazard proﬁles)
Technical support to develop methodology and implementation

modalities to link recently developed WB-DFID ﬁnanced climate
change computable general equilibrium (CGE) models to woreda
level risk proﬁling
Training, experience sharing (with other countries), and capacity

building for DMFSS staff (and other relevant persons and
institutions) to support of a) and b)
Piloting of woreda level risk proﬁles that aggregate community/

kebele level risk proﬁles (in areas with different hazards and different
livelihood zones, both inside and outside areas supported by World
Bank projects)
Support for preparation of woreda level integrated DRM and

Environmental Plans to be mainstreamed into woreda-level
Development Plans

WFP, UNDP,

UNICEF. IGAD,

ECA, DFID,

IFPRI,

TerrAfrica/

SLM Network,

NGOs

$1,400,000

$550,000

(GFDRR Track

II Funding

for Flood

Hazard Risk

Assessments,

GFDRR

$350,000 plus

co-ﬁnancing)

(Cont.)

6 / DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS FOR PRIORITY COUNTRIES

AFRICA

Ethiopia (Cont.)

HFA Priority Areas

Key Partners*

Estimated

GFDRR

Budget for

2009-2011

Already

Approved

GFDRR

Funding for

2008-2010

HFA 2: (Cont.)

1) Risk Assessments (Cont.):

Piloting of woreda level risk proﬁles that aggregate community/

Environmental Plans to be mainstreamed into woreda-level
Development Plans

2) Early Warning Systems: Multi-Hazard Forecasting and

Warning

Support to the National Meteorological Agency (NMA and others):

capacity building for improved timeliness, reliability and local

speciﬁcity of climate forecasting through use of new information
(e.g., climate downscaling) and technologies (e.g., satellite imagery),
and expansion of meteorological stations including communities-
based “stations”,
improve ﬂood monitoring, forecasting and early warning system

improved systems for data collection, analysis and dissemination

to end users
improved access to NMA data by DMFSS through networking and

improved coordination
improved application of climate information and forecasts for DRM

by end users at various levels, including the community
link to other DRM monitoring and forecasting systems (e.g., health

epidemics and malaria forecasting)
adopt relevant climate risk modeling techniques and tools, and build

capacity for their application (e.g., LEAP)
improve capacity for preparation of early warning bulletins at national,

regional and woreda levels

3) Contingency Planning and Financing: Moving from Early

Warning to Response
Support for design of community and woreda level integrated

multi-sectoral monitoring, early warning, contingency planning and
contingency ﬁnancing mechanisms (using objective and transparent
“triggers” that are linked to the community and woreda risk proﬁling)
Review and revise early warning guidelines in line with new DRM

approach
Capacity building to implement integrated early warning system that

includes monitoring, forecasting, warning, contingency planning and
ﬁnancing linked to rapid response at community, kebele, woreda,
regional and national levels
Support for development of different risk ﬁnancing and risk transfer

mechanisms (e.g., index-linked insurance) to strengthen and
complement contingency funds (e.g., for catastrophic events)

IGAD, ACPC
(ECA), WMO
UNICEF, WHO,
WFP, FAO,
USAID
FEWSNET

$600,000

$700,000

$473,000

(GFDRR Track
I IGAD regional
project, part of
which to beneﬁt
Ethiopia)

$750,000
(GFDRR

Track II funding
for Health
Early Warning
Systems to
support National
Nutrition
Project,
$350,000
GFDRR funding
plus co-
ﬁnancing)

$330,000
(GFDRR
Track II
funding for
Risk Financing
piloting to
support
Productive
Safety Project)

(Cont.)

ETHIOPIA / 7

Ethiopia (Cont.)

HFA Priority Areas

Key Partners*

Estimated

GFDRR

Budget for

2009-2011

Already

Approved

GFDRR

Funding for

2008-2010

HFA 3: Increase and sustain awareness creation, education and capacity building

Support to strengthen BA and MA Programs in DRM at Bahir Dar

University, including applied research
Support for specialized training programs in DRM at Bahir Dar

University in DRM
Support for DRM-related applied research and studies at other

Ethiopian institutions (e.g., EIAR, EDRI)

USAID, DFID,
IGAD

$400,000

HFA 4: Reduce underlying risk and vulnerability (and integrate DRR into sector planning and practices for

example in water, agriculture, health, environment)

Design and implement pilot programs to reduce industrial water and air
pollution, and to improve solid waste management in Addis Ababa and
Bahir Dar (linked to climate change programs that provide “credits” for
pollution reduction)

UNDP, DFID,
GEF

$300,000

HFA 5: Improve emergency preparedness and response through capacity strengthening

Conduct study to propose optimal logistics and funding mechanisms

for decentralized rapid response and recovery (e.g., identify needs
for warehouses for pre-positioning of food and non-food items,
maintenance of strategic reserves, relief ﬂeet, and management/
administration of the system)
Support for implementation of a), above

Support for development of appropriate post-disaster needs

assessment methodologies and techniques for rapid onset disasters,
and implement training and capacity to facilitate early recovery
focusing on community, kebele, woreda, regional levels
Support for design of decentralized emergency rapid response

systems based on all of the above, that also strengthens regional
collaboration and information exchange

WFP, UNDP,
UN-OCHA,
UNICEF, IGAD,
ECA, USAID,
NGOs

$300,000

GFDRR Track II Funding:

$5,000,000

$1,030,000**

Co-ﬁnancing for GFDRR Track II Projects

$400,000

Total GFDRR Track II Funding and Co-ﬁnancing

$6,430,000

GFDRR Track I Funding

$473,000

Note: this matrix reﬂects the overall priorities of the DMFSS. The proposed GFDRR funding can, obviously, only provide some of the required funds to carry out the activities.

* Key Partners: This refers to key partners for ongoing or potential funding and/or technical support. There are many ongoing and proposed activities in DRM in Ethiopia.
There is expressed interest to provide support for the activities detailed in this matrix in different parts of the country. There are also ongoing World Bank projects funding
activities in these priority areas in different parts of the country.

** Only a very small part of these budgeted funds have been utilized to date.

See: www.gdfrr.org for details about GFDRR Track I and II Projects in Ethiopia and other countries, along with Track III and South-South Cooperation

8 / DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS FOR PRIORITY COUNTRIES AFRICA

GHANA

In order to prepare the Country DRM Plan for Ghana the Africa

DRM Team agreed with UNDP on beforehand to undertake

a joint UNDP-World Bank mission. The mission was also ac-

companied by a representative from ECOWAS and a mem-

ber of the donor coordination group on Environment. This joint

mission held extensive meetings with the National Disaster

Management Organization (NADMO), and met representa-

tives of the Ministry of Interior (MoI), Environmental Protection

Agency (EPA), Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources (MoL-

MNR), Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MoFA), Ministry of Lo-

cal Government and Rural Development (MoLGRD), Ministry

of Water Resources (MoWR), Ministry of Finance (MoFEP),

National Meteorological Agency, and various development

partners, including UNICEF, WFP, the Danish Embassy and

UNDP. The team undertook a ﬁeld visit to a District Ofﬁce of

NADMO. The Mission also met with the technical team leading

the development of the Northern development Initiative (NDI),

and included a one day workshop with staff of the Country

Management Unit.

1. DISASTER RISK PROFILE

Hazard Risks

Ghana ranks high amongst African countries most exposed to risks from multiple weather-related hazards.

Ghana is exposed to ﬂoods and droughts, particularly in the Northern Savannah belt. Epidemics, pests, infestations and

wildﬁres occur across the country. There are risks of land slides, urban hazards, and coastal hazards (e.g. storms, storm

surges, and coastal erosion). Coastal erosion has become more pronounced, especially along the Eastern coastline.

Seismic hazards are most pronounced in areas around Accra, including the Akosombo Dam. The catastrophic ﬂoods

in the North in 2007 affected more than 325 000 people with close to 100 000 requiring assistance in some form or

another to restore livelihoods. The 2007 ﬂoods followed immediately after a period of drought that damaged the initial

maize harvest, and were indicative of the high variability in climate and hydrological ﬂows in Northern Ghana. The long-

term and economy-wide impacts on the regional economy are still not well known, but an estimate of damage alone

exceeds USD 130 million. Between 1991 and 2008 the country experienced six major ﬂoods; the largest number of

people affected being in 1991 (2.0 million people).

GHANA / 9

2. DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK

Confronted with a variety of natural hazards, and prompted by the recent ﬂoods in the North, the

Government of Ghana has initiated actions on several fronts in order to develop strategies and strengthen

institutional capacity in disaster risk management with increasing donor support.

Disaster risk reduction

has its main institutional home within the National Disaster Management Organization (NADMO) in the Ministry of the

Interior. NADMO was established in 1996 under a National Security Council, chaired by the President of the Republic of

Ghana. NADMO functions under a National Secretariat, ten Regional Secretariats, one hundred and sixty-eight District/

municipal Secretariats and nine hundred Zonal ofﬁces.

Since its inception under the NADMO Act (Act 517, 1996), NADMO has contributed considerably to the management

of disasters across the country, despite a constant struggle to obtain resources and maintain response capacity on the

ground. A draft National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP) has recently been prepared (as a revision of the 1997

NDMP), along with an Amendment to the Act.

3. KEY DONOR ENGAGEMENTS

Overall, the integration of DRR&CCA in new donor supported programs, some of the most important are listed here, is

a clear indication that the “new” development agenda in Ghana has started ﬁrmly addressing these cross-cutting ﬁelds.

The list is not complete.

World Bank and Other Donor Supported Projects in Ghana

Ongoing Projects and Organizations

Indicative budget

(where available, details on

years covered)

HFA activity

area(s)

World Bank supported projects

Ghana North- Sustainable Development, Disaster Prevention, and Water
Resources Management (GFDRR)

US $660,000

(2008-2011)

4, 5

Community Co-Management for DRM of Marine Resources in West Africa
(GFDRR) (multi-country program; Ghana involved)

US $ 900, 000

(2008-2011)

1, 3, 4, 5

TerrAfrica (Sustainable Land Management – knowledge creation)

(multi-country)

2, 3, 4

Economics of Adaptation to Climate Change (EACC)

(multi-country study)

(2009-2010)

2, 3, 4

Natural Resources and Environmental Governance (NREG)

US$ 60 million

(2008-2010)

1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Ghana Productive Safety Nets Project

US$ 30-50 million

(under preparation)

4, 5

Integrated Water Resources Development and Agricultural Competitiveness
Project, Planned (FY10)

US$ 50-100 million

(under preparation)

Ghana Community Based Rural Development Project (CBRDP)

US$ 60 million

(ending Dec. 2010)

3, 4

Ghana Urban Water Project

US$ 103 million

(2004-2010)

2, 4

Carbon ﬁnance project

US$ 30 million

(under preparation)

10 / DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS FOR PRIORITY COUNTRIES AFRICA

World Bank and Other Donor Supported Projects in Ghana

Ongoing Projects and Organizations

Indicative budget

(where available, details on

years covered)

HFA activity

area(s)

UNDP funded projects

UNDP-Ghana: Mainstreaming DRR and CCA (mainly capacity building)

US$ 700,00

(2009)-

1, 2, 3, 4, 5

UNDP-BCPR: Early Recovery Program for Northern Region

US$ 1,2 million

(2009-2010)

1, 2, 5

UNDP-GEF Impacts of CC on Health

US$ 2,0 million

(2010-2013)

UNDP-UNEP: CC-DARE (for preparation of National CCA Strategy)

US$ 150,000

(2009-2010)

UNDP Africa Adaptation Program (AAP)

US$ 2,5-3,0 million

(2009-2012)

1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Other donor projects (incomplete)

Food and Agriculture Budget Support (FABS) and the Agricultural
Development Policy Operation (Ag DPO)

Ghana Environmental Management Project (GEMP)

2, 3, 4

UNDP-GEF – for sustainable land management (in support of National
Action Plan to Combat Drought and Desertiﬁcation)

(2009-2013)

2, 3, 4

4. GLOBAL FACILITY FOR DISASTER REDUCTION AND RECOVERY (GFDRR):

ACTION PLAN

Given the substantial number and scale of new donor engagements, including those of the World Bank and

UNDP, it is essential to consider the GFDRR support within a broader national framework that ensures a

coordinated and harmonized approach. It was thus agreed to develop a National Program Framework for

Disaster Risk Management and Climate Risk Management which would help ensure

a comprehensive and

integrated programmatic approach.

The World Bank and UNDP agreed to prepare together with Government a program

document to this end, under which the UNDP-World Bank/GFDRR projects would be implemented.

GHANA / 11

Indicative new program areas for GFDRR/World Bank

funding under the “Country DRM Plan” for Ghana*

Potential output/

outcomes

Indicative

budget

for GFDRR

funding

US $

Partnerships

1. Strengthening national disaster risk management

strategies and institutions

550,000

UNDP,
ISDR, NREG,
ECOWAS

- Review and ﬁnalize new DRR/CRM policy/strategy based on

review of existing sectoral policies and new climate change
strategy

- Establish inter-ministerial coordination mechanism
- Validate and publish policy and ensure passage of the revised

Amendment Bill

- Sensitize key stakeholders on new policy directions, including

with the NADMO Committee members

- Prepare a government-owned National Program Framework

for DRR&CRM under which the joint UNDP-World Bank
program will be implemented

- Follow up the NADMO capacity assessment with a plan for

systematic institutional strengthening at all levels

Policy on DDR/CRM
mainstreamed

Coordination improved

DRM policy and CC
strategy integrated

200,000

UNDP will
continue to take
a lead role in
ﬁnalizing policy
and legal acts and
build capacity.

- Establish 9 Regional Platforms for DRR and CRM and develop

plan for systematic capacity strengthening

- Establish District Platforms for DRM/CRM, initially in the

North

- Develop Regional and District DRM plans
- Support and monitor the implementation of plans
- Develop program for capacity strengthening and provide

specialized training in DRM/CRM and damage/loss
assessment

- Develop and test low-cost communication systems (internet,

cell-phone) between District, Regional, and National levels
within NADMO – linked to community outreach (relates to
actions listed under HFA 5 below)

National Platform
for DRR/CRM
strengthened

Regional and District
level platforms in
operation

Efﬁcient
communication
systems in operation

300,000

GFDRR support
will include
communication
equipment and
capacity building
(in tandem with
UNDP)

- Undertake exchange programs and visits in neighboring

countries and consider to establish Platforms for regional
coordination

- Improve information sharing with neighbors on climate related

risks – related to speciﬁc program needs

- Strengthened networks with sub-regional organizations

Trans-boundary and
regional cooperation
on DRR/CRM
strengthened

50,000

UNDP will take
the lead

2. Ensure risk and vulnerability assessments, early

warning and contingency planning and ﬁnancing

2, 450,000

UNDP, WFP,
Met. Station

(Cont.)

12 / DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS FOR PRIORITY COUNTRIES AFRICA

Indicative new program areas for GFDRR/World Bank

funding under the “Country DRM Plan” for Ghana*

Potential output/

outcomes

Indicative

budget

for GFDRR

funding

US $

Partnerships

- Review and update existing hazard assessments and maps
- Develop an overview of key infrastructure and assets

threatened by hazards

- Provide technical support to develop methodology and

implementation arrangements for relevant hazard/vulnerability/
risk proﬁling at district level related to integrated DRM and
resource management plans (pilot in hazard prone ﬂood areas
and coordinated with the Sustainable Land Management
Network/MoFA)

- Conduct pilot exercise in urban hazard mapping and urban

governance (based on Cities primer)

- Training and capacity building for the above

Hazard, vulnerability
and risk assessments
and relevant maps
carried out for all
climate related hazards

Risk proﬁling at district
level undertaken (on
pilot basis)

400,000

200,000

UNDP has
funded the initial
hazard mapping,
while World
Bank/GFDRR
will take the lead
in taking these
activities forward

- Undertake an inventory of existing EWS, assessment of

future needs, and design of a multi-hazard EWS, including
infrastructure/communication needs. A major gap accepted
by all parties is the fragmented monitoring and early warning
system (EWS) in Ghana. This activity will related closely to the
CCA agenda and the work of EPA.

- Support to National Meteorological Agency (capacity building

and renovation of weather stations)

- Technical support and capacity building for EWS and

contingency planning

- Assess, improve and modernize EWS in communities
- Review of existing contingency plans and develop suggestions

for new plans that include DRR/CRM at Regional, District and
community levels

Early warning systems
(multi-hazard) updated,
and capacity for
management created
at all levels

Contingency plans for
DRR/CRM piloted and
scaled up

1,850,000

UNDP will mainly
support capacity
building, while
World Bank/
GFDRR will
mainly support
logistics and
hardware.
WFP/MoFA
has developed
a food security
monitoring system
that can be built
on.

3. Increase and sustain public awareness creation,

education, and capacity building

300,000

UNDP, NGOs,
UNICEF, ISDR

- Organize workshops and seminars for policy makers and

professional bodies on DRR/CRM

- Equip Regions and selected Districts with communication and

outreach equipment

- Seek to standardize and harmonize communication equipment

between NADMO and potential stakeholders

- Organize durbars and outreach programs for hazard-exposed

groups and civil society organizations

- Carry out community-based outreach programs

- Develop and distribute handbooks/text books on DRR/CRM

to educational institutions

- Collaborate with tertiary institutions to develop or provide

courses on DRR/CRM

Increased awareness
of DRR&CRM, and
ways of coping

Improved
communication
networks

Improved public
education and
increased awareness
Courses designed
at different levels of
education

UNDP will take
the lead

(Cont.)

GHANA / 13

Indicative new program areas for GFDRR/World Bank

funding under the “Country DRM Plan” for Ghana*

Potential output/

outcomes

Indicative

budget

for GFDRR

funding

US $

Partnerships

4. Reduce underlying risk and vulnerability factors

200,000

UNDP, WFP,
ISDR, ECOW-
AS, TerrAfrica

- Sensitize stakeholders across sectors and within civil society

on the need to integrate DRR&CRM into planning and
program design

- Establish focal points in all sector agencies (MDAs) and –

encourage key sector ministries to prepare sectoral DRR/
CRM strategies and integration in programs (linked to CC
agenda)

- NADMO to engage with key sector programs including with

NREG on environment, forestry and mining

- NADMO to engage with Savannah Accelerated Development

Authority (SADA) and the Northern Development Initiative
which has adopted an integrated DRR perspective in the
development plan for the North.

- Revitalize the Technical Advisory Committees (TACs)

- Identify and sensitize women on DRR and CRM
- Train and resource women in vulnerable communities in viable

economic activities to build assess and coping capacity

- Train and resource youth groups and other CBOs

Improved collaboration
and integration of DRR
& CRM into sector
planning and programs

Sector ministries more
aware of DRR & CRM
linkages

Community-based
DRM pilot projects
established for women
and other vulnerable
groups

200,000

Joint UNDP
and World
Bank/ GFDRR
engagement

UNDP to take the
lead

5. Improve emergency preparedness and response

1,800,000

UNDP, UN-
OCHA, ISDR,
ECOWAS

- Develop a program for systematic strengthening of NADMO in

emergency preparedness and response

- Organize regular consultative and coordination meetings with

key stakeholders through Platforms at all levels and inter-
ministerial committee – strengthen coordination by NADMO

- Establish MoU with relevant stakeholders related to

contingency plans and emergency response

- Update inventory of logistics and equipment of NADMO and

stakeholders for rapid deployment and support

- Identify and improve warehouses at strategic locations
- Finalize the data preparedness work for appropriate post-

disaster needs assessments

- Assess training needs and provide specialized training for rapid

response and early recovery

- Equip NADMO Operations Room with digitized risk/hazard

maps and key communication equipment for effective hazard
monitoring, outreach and response

- DRM technical advisor in NADMO for design and

implementation of emergency preparedness and response

Improved capacity
of NADMO and
key stakeholders
to respond to
emergencies and
integrate DRR/CRM in
preparedness

Improved logistics for
emergency supplies
and data readiness

1100,000

Major area for
GFDRR support.
UNDP has
supported
capacity building
of NADMO,
including support
for ICT in three
Districts in the
North (UNDP/
BCPR Early
Recovery Project).

(Cont.)

14 / DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS FOR PRIORITY COUNTRIES AFRICA

Indicative new program areas for GFDRR/World Bank

funding under the “Country DRM Plan” for Ghana*

Potential output/

outcomes

Indicative

budget

for GFDRR

funding

US $

Partnerships

- Conduct study to propose optimal institutional arrangement,

logistics and funding for decentralized rapid response and
recovery (linked to EWS, contingency plans, warehouses for
prepositioning, logistics)

- Support design and implementation of integrated multi-

sectoral monitoring, early warning, contingency plan – linked
to the new EWS – based on a programmatic approach and
piloting of community-based DRM

- Design community-based DRM pilot exercises and sensitize

vulnerable communities on DRR/CRM, hazard monitoring,
mapping and contingency planning to engender volunteerism

- Introduce systematic training of Disaster Volunteer Groups

(DVGs) and provide minimum equipment and support

- Review and simulate community-based contingency plans for

effective response at all levels based on an examination of
various mechanisms for risk transfer and risk ﬁnancing.

Improved capacity at
community level of
DRM approaches and
strengthened capacity
among DVGs to
respond to and prepare
for disasters

700,000

World Bank will
work closely with
UNDP/ BCPR

Total new GFDRR funding

5,300,000

* Note: This matrix represents key priorities put forward by NADMO for a comprehensive program on DRR & CRM – with a few adjustments. Given the limited GFDRR fund-
ing, not all of these activities can, obviously, be fully covered or carried out.

MOZAMBIQUE / 15

MOZAMBIQUE

1. DISASTER RISK PROFILE

More than 60 percent of Mozambique’s population of 21 million lives

in coastal areas, and is therefore highly vulnerable to cyclones and

storms along its 2,700 km coastline.

Like Bangladesh, it lies at the receiving

end of major international hydrographic basins. Many of these basins suffer

from saline intrusion deep into river mouths. Despite strong economic growth

(6.5% in 2008), over 80 percent of the population continues to depend on

agriculture. The elevated rates of poverty (54% in 2003), malnutrition, HIV/

AIDS, and endemic diseases contribute to what is already a high physical

vulnerability.

Mozambique ranks third amongst the African countries most exposed to risks from multiple weather-related

hazards, suffering from periodic ﬂoods, cyclones and droughts

. As much as 25 percent of the population is at

risk from natural hazards. Floods, epidemics and cyclones are the most frequent disasters, although drought affects by

far the largest number of people. Droughts occur primarily in the Southern and Central regions, with a frequency of 7 in

10 and 4 in 10 years, respectively. Floods occur every 2-3 years along major river basins, low coastal plains, and areas

with drainage problems. The risk is highest in the central and southern region. Over the past 40 years, Mozambique was

greatly affected by upstream river use in the Zambezi and the construction of the Kariba Dam in 1959 and the Cahora

Bassa Dam in 1974. Epidemics have been generally associated with ﬂood disasters. Cyclones affect the entire coast,

but with highest wind impact along the northern area, from October to April, with frequencies of about 1-2 in 4 years,

depending on the regions.

Climate change will increase extreme weather patterns, based on observed trends and future scenarios.

Historical records from 1960-2005 point to a warming trend in central and north Mozambique of 1.1-1.6

C in maximum

temperatures and to signiﬁcant increases in duration of heat waves, as well as a delay in the start of the rainfall season.

By 2040-2060, maximum temperatures are expected to increase by 2.5-3.0

C in the interior. Thus, the future weather

is expected to exacerbate current climate variability, leading to more intense droughts, unpredictable rains, ﬂoods and

uncontrolled ﬁres. Depending on global sea level rise scenarios, critical urban centers such as Beira and Maputo would

need to signiﬁcantly strengthen their coastal defenses or plan a retreat of urban infrastructure. Future models predict

a 25 percent increase in magnitude of large ﬂood peaks in the Limpopo and Save and a reduction in Zambezi river

ﬂow of 15 percent, requiring a major rethinking in power consumption strategies. With population growth, per capita

water availability is expected to decline in the major hydrographic basins, placing critical stress on water resources. The

Zambezi, Save and Limpopo rivers could experience saline intrusions up to 30 km inland. The intensity of hurricane-

strength cyclones is also expected to increase in a future climate. Hence, critical sectors that will be at increasing risk

include agriculture, infrastructure, power, water and sanitation, and health and nutrition.

16 / DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS FOR PRIORITY COUNTRIES AFRICA

2. DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK

The National Institute of Disaster Management (INGC), established in 1999, coordinates disaster risk man-

agement activities in Mozambique.

INGC operates under the Ministry of State Administration (MAE) and is man-

dated to coordinate emergencies, promote disaster prevention through population and government mobilization; protect

human lives; ensure multisectoral coordination in disaster emergency; coordinate early warning systems; carry out public

awareness; and re-utilize arid and semi-arid zones. They are responsible for coordinating disaster risk management at

the national, provincial and district levels. Three regional emergency operation centers handle cyclones and droughts

(Vilankulos), ﬂoods (Caia) and cyclones (Nacala). There are also four multiple use centers (CERUM) at the district level

specializing in reducing vulnerability to droughts. At the community level, INGC acts through local Committees for Di-

saster Risk Management that are empowered to deal with both disaster prevention and preparedness.

The Coordinating Council for Disaster Management (CCGC), chaired by the Prime Minister, ensures multi-

sectoral coordination in disaster prevention, assistance to victims, and disaster rehabilitation. It receives

advice from a Technical Council for Disaster Management (CTGC).

The CTGC, composed of technical staff from

sector Ministries represented in the CCGC, proposes technical responses to disasters which are then submitted for

analysis and approval to the CCGC. The CCGC decision is then forwarded to the operating body of INGC for action

through its regional, provincial and district representatives. The CTGC is also active at the provincial level, where it ad-

vises the local INGC and the Provincial Government and conducts disaster evaluations.

Mozambique adopted a National Master Plan for Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Calamities in 2006.

The Master Plan followed the Disaster Management Policy of 1999 and became the country’s operative strategy for

disaster risk management. It speciﬁcally emphasizes the links between development policies and preparedness, preven-

tion, mitigation and vulnerability reduction. Attention is paid to developing arid zones through introduction of conservation

agriculture and non-agricultural income generation activities, water supply and rainwater harvesting. For ﬂood protection

in risky area, water resources infrastructure such as dams and dikes are considered keys elements for ﬂood prevention.

Ongoing Projects and Organizations

Indicative budget

(where available, details

on years covered)

HFA activity

area(s)

World Bank Projects

Mainstreaming Disaster Reduction for Sustainable Poverty Reduction:
Mozambique (GFDRR)

USD $900,000

1, 2, 4

Economics of Adaptation to Climate Change (EACC) – Mozambique Case Study
(funded by DFID and Netherlands and executed by the World Bank) will be
launched shortly

US$800,000

1, 2, 4

Pilot Program for Climate Resilience (under preparation)

USD $30-70 million

(2009- )

1,2,3,4

Donor Projects

UN Joint Programme for Strengthening Disaster Risk Reduction and Emergency
Preparedness

USD $10 million

2007-2009

1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Donor Projects

UN Joint Programme on Environment Mainstreaming and Adaptation to Climate
Change

USD $7 million

2008-2010

1,2,4

UNDP/GEF: Coping with Drought and Climate Change
(Special Climate Change Fund)

USD $ 1.8 million

2008-2011

1, 2, 4, 5

UNDP: Climate Risk Management Technical Assistance Support Project (CRM-
TASP) (executed by Asian Disaster Preparedness Center, ADPC)

US$2.75 million

2008-2009

1,2,4

(Cont.)

MOZAMBIQUE / 17

Ongoing Projects and Organizations

Indicative budget

(where available, details

on years covered)

HFA activity

area(s)

UNDP (funded by Government of Japan Africa Adaptation Programme)
Mainstreaming Climate Change Adaptation Mechanisms in Policy, Development
and Investment Framework in Mozambique

US$ 5.0 million

2009-2011

1,2,4

GTZ: PRO-GRC Institutionalizing DRR in Mozambique (Projecto da
Institucionalização da Gestão de Risco de Calamidades em Moçambique)

USD $ 3.9 million

2007-2009

1, 4, 5

UNDP, Denmark, GTZ: Impact of Climate Change on Disaster Risk Study
(executed by INGC)

USD ~0.5 million

DIPECHO Projects: several disaster preparedness project implemented by UN-
Habitat, Oikos, OXFAM GB & Intermon OXFAM, Concern, German Agro Action)

USD $ ~3.1 million

1, 3, 4, 5

3. GLOBAL FACILITY FOR DISASTER REDUCTION AND RECOVERY (GFDRR):

ACTION PLAN

The program areas identiﬁed for GFDRR ﬁnancing and indicative funding are listed below.

Once the detailed

proposal is developed, an estimated 10 percent of the budget will be earmarked for project management. The project

would be Government-executed, for a duration of ﬁve years (2010-2015).

Indicative New Program Areas

and Projects for GFDRR

Funding

Partnerships

Indicative

Budget

for GFDRR

Funding

and years covered

(USD)

Potential outcomes and comments

1. Policy, Strategy, and Institution Building

1.A. Strategy, Policy and Institutional

Coordination

INGC, UNDP, PPCR

150,000

(2010-2015)

This would be a limited budget for
strategic activities of the CTGC UNDP
and PPCR would take the lead role in
this area.

1.B. Studies for National Program of

Disaster Risk Management and
Adaptation to Climate Change

INGC, UNDP, GTZ,
Denmark

200,000

(2010)

This would be a complementary support
to Phase II of the INGC study, focusing
on risk reduction options and strategies.

1.C. Strengthened Sector Capacity

in Disaster Risk Management

INGC, UNDP

350,000

(2010-2015)

UNDP would fund most of the capacity
building for CTGC and regional DRM
committees; GFDRR funding would
focus on specialized training and
seminars, and in selected master level
degrees not available in Mozambique
(e.g. hydrology modeling).

2. Risk Identiﬁcation, Assessment and Monitoring

2.A. Risk Mapping for Vulnerable

Assets

INGC, UNDP

500,000

(2010-2013)

This ﬁnancing would complement ca.
US$200,000 in UNDP/GRIP funding
to enable INGC to complete its geo-
referencing of vulnerable assets in key
sectors (e.g. schools, health centers,
transport infrastructure), and thereby
build an integrated platform for risk
mapping

(Cont.)

18 / DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS FOR PRIORITY COUNTRIES AFRICA

Indicative New Program Areas

and Projects for GFDRR

Funding

Partnerships

Indicative

Budget

for GFDRR

Funding

and years covered

(USD)

Potential outcomes and comments

2.B. Participatory Urban Mapping

INGC, MICOA, Urban

Municipalities

150,000

(2010-2011)

This would involve participatory urban
rezoning of the cities of Maxixe and
Inhambane taking into account major
hazards. Most of the studies would be
ﬁnanced by a reallocation of Track II
funds (US$400,000).

2.C Early Warning System Radar

Applications

INAM, UNDP

500,000

(2010-2013)

This would include calibration of the
two existing radars of Xai-Xai and Beira,
development of software, technical
assistance and training to optimize their
use for the early warning system serving
the southern and central regions. UNDP
would co-ﬁnance some of the training.

4. Reduction of Underlying Risk Factors

4.1. Review of Hazard Norms

INGC, MOPH, MICOA,

INAM

350,000

(2010-2012)

Revised construction norms taking
cyclone winds, earthquake hazards and
inundation risks into account.
Revised infrastructure norms taking
ﬂood risk into account

4.2. Pilot Demonstration Projects

Applying New Norms

INGC, MOPH, MICOA

800,000

(2011-2014)

These would focus on social
infrastructure (e.g. schools and health
centers) as well as low-cost houses in
highly vulnerable areas able to serve as
models to stakeholders

4.3. Flood Protection for Vulnerable
Communities (pilot)

MOPH, INGC, MINAG

600,000

(2010-2013)

The pilot is envisaged to focus along
the Zambezi. While dykes have been
the measure of choice, other ﬂood
management measures would be
considered on a pilot basis

4.4. Water Management in Arid

Areas (pilot)

MOPH, MINAG

600,000

(2010-2013)

This could involve small water reserves
(for livestock) and other water and rain
retention measures

4.5. Risk Transfer Mechanisms

Ministry of Finances,

INGC, UNDP

600,000

(2010-2013)

While UNDP assistance has focuses
on establishing a contingency fund,
GFDRR would focus on the feasibility of
catastrophe insurance (both private and
sovereign mechanisms)

5. Strengthening Disaster Preparedness

5.1. Specialized Training

INGC and CTGC

UNDP

250,000

(2010-2013)

This would target primarily Damage,
Losses and Needs Assessment (UN/
ECLAC Methodology) as well as other
specialized disaster response training.
UNDP is funding most activities under
Hyogo Priority 5.

Total Funding Requested from

GFDRR

5,050,000

Leveraged Funding:

ca. US$58 million

TOGO / 19

TOGO

To prepare the Country DRM Note, consultations were undertaken with

members of the World Bank’s Togo Country team and the Ministère

de l’Environnement et des Ressources Forestières, Ministère de la

Coopération, Développement, Aménagement du territoire, Secrétariat

de la Stratégie Internationales des Nations Unies pour la prévention

des Catastrophes (ONU/SIPC), Croix Rouge Togolaise, Ministère de

l’Enseignement Supérieur et la Recherche, Université de Lomé,

Ministère Administration Territoriale et Collectivités locales, Ministère

de l’Urbanisme et de l’Habitat, UNDP, Ministère de la Sécurité

et de la Protection Civile, Coopération Française, Commission

Européenne, Associations des ONGS, Ministère du Commerce et de

la Promotion du Secteur Privé, Ministère de l’Agriculture, de l’Elevage

et de la Pèche, Secréterait Technique du Projet de Développement

Communautaire, Agence d’appui aux Initiatives de Base—AGAIB

Région Savanes, Agence d’appui aux Initiatives de Base—AGAIB

Région Kara, Agence d’appui aux Initiatives de Base—AGAIB Région Centrale, Agence d’appui aux Initiatives de

Base—AGAIB Région Plateaux, Agence d’appui aux Initiatives de Base—AGAIB Région Maritime.

1. DISASTER RISK PROFILE

A poor country which suffered from years of weak governance.

Togo is a country of 54,400 km

located in West

Africa on the Atlantic coast of the Gulf of Guinea. The country’s population was estimated at 6.1 million in 2006 with

an average annual growth rate of 2.4 percent. The political movement toward more democratic institutions that started

in the early 1990s resulted in socio-political unrest that peaked in 1993 and lasted more than a decade. This period of

prolonged political instability was also marked by serious economic and ﬁnancial management problems that led to the

deterioration of the economy and the withdrawal of donors’ support to the country. In fact, the cumulative effect of this

political and economic instability led to reduced public investments which fell from 13.8 percent of GDP in 1990 to 3.3

percent in 2005; public spending in social sectors decreased dramatically. The annual growth rate of GDP averaged 1.1

percent during the same period, well below the annual growth rate of population of 2.4 percent. As a result, the living

standards of the majority of the population declined sharply. Income per capita (US$350 in 2006) is low compared to

Sub-Saharan Africa (US$842) and Low Income Countries (US$650) averages. Moreover, Togo now ranks 152nd out of

177 countries in terms of human development, according to UNDP’s 2007 Human Development Report.

2. DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK

The institutional framework is fragmented but the Government is committed to mainstream disaster

prevention in all development instruments, starting with the I-PRSP.

Despite the above-mentioned highly

fragmented situation, the Government is determined to strengthen the country’s policy and institutional framework for

environmental management. The renewed Government commitment to address the causes of environmental degradation

20 / DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS FOR PRIORITY COUNTRIES

AFRICA

and to make disaster prevention a priority is evidenced in the 2008 I-PRSP where the policy objectives in the area of

environmental management are described under Strategic Pillar 2: Consolidation of Economic Revival and Promotion

of Sustainable Development. Under this pillar, it is stated the Government’s efforts towards promoting sustainable

development will aim to:

Reduce the pressure on natural resources mainly through more effective means to control land degradation and

to promote biodiversity conservation;

Promote the integrated coastal zone management, including the control of coastal erosion;

Strengthen the capacity of national institutions for sustainable environmental management;

Adopt effective policy instruments to control and monitor pollution and nuisance from wastes and chemical

substances in order to protect the quality of life and human health in urban and rural areas; and

Promote disaster prevention and management through the establishment of an appropriate policy and institutional

framework, the development of technical capabilities for disaster prevention, preparedness, and monitoring.

The I-PRSP (2007) also indicates that, as part of the social protection policy, the Government will focus on improving

management of the vulnerability to different shocks and to disasters. Advanced drafts of the full PRPS (2009-2011)

discuss the plans of the Government in the areas of management of natural and technological disasters and suggest two

main areas of intervention: a) improvement of the political and institutional framework for the prevention and management

of disasters; b) strengthening of the technical capacity (and human resources) in the areas of planning, monitoring and

early warning and in the areas of managing the emergencies related to natural disasters.

The 2008-2012 UNDAF mentions the importance of disaster risk prevention, management and response.

The

paper states that existing climate change, urbanization and population movements expose certain regions to the effects

of natural disasters, particularly ﬂoods which typically appear each year. The section on institutional capacity building and

democratic management indicates that, with reference to refugees and IDPs, the UN agencies have consolidated efforts

to assist the Government to reinforce national capacity for disaster preparation and response (population displacements,

ﬂoods, epidemics, etc). This work will lead to: 1) an evaluation of the capacity of emergency management structures, 2)

a reinforcement of capacities and structures, and 3) direct assistance to affected populations.

3. KEY DONOR ENGAGEMENTS

The institutional framework is fragmented but the Government is committed to mainstream disaster

prevention in all development instruments, starting with the I-PRSP.

Despite the above-mentioned highly

fragmented situation, the Government is determined to strengthen the country’s policy and institutional framework for

environmental management. The renewed Government commitment to address the causes of environmental degradation

and to make disaster prevention a priority is evidenced in the 2008 I-PRSP where the policy objectives in the area of

environmental management are described under Strategic Pillar 2: Consolidation of Economic Revival and Promotion

of Sustainable Development. Under this pillar, it is stated the Government’s efforts towards promoting sustainable

development will aim to:

Some existing projects implemented by the main donors agencies and organizations contribute to the

achievement of the various HAF priority actions.

Here are the main engagements of the international community in

areas directly or indirectly related to prevention and response to natural disasters.

TOGO / 21

Ongoing Projects and Organizations

Indicative budget

HFA activity area(s)

World Bank – Emergency Infrastructure Rehabilitation and Energy
Project (EIREP) (to be approved)

$26.8 m

World Bank – Community Development Project (CDP)

$17.2 m

UNDP – Risk Prevention and Management program

$160,000

1-5

GEF- NAPA implementation

$3 m

3-5

AFD- EU- BOAD- Urban Environment project in Lome

Euro 11 m

German Red Cross- Enhance early warning

FCFA 119 m

4. GLOBAL FACILITY FOR DISASTER REDUCTION AND RECOVERY (GFDRR):

ACTION PLAN

Results of activities both at the national and community level will be measured against indicators associated

with HFA priorities for action

. Key outputs of activities will include reports on the ﬁndings of the risk assessments

(both national and community) a report on the ﬁndings of the national institutional assessment, a national cartography, the

guide to incorporating disaster reduction and recovery into the Community Development Project, and the assessment

of the pilots.

The program will be conducted in partnership with existing and prospected activities and partners and a

US$ 8.1 million budget is proposed.

The table below gives an overview of the activities under each component, the

envisaged partnership for their implementation and the HFA priorities each intervention addresses. A provisional budget

to ﬁnance the interventions proposed in the Disaster Risk Management Action Plan is of US$8.1m.

HFA Priority areas

Key Partners

Estimated

Budget for

2010-2013 in

US$

Notes

HFA 1: Strengthen national disaster risk management strategies and institutions

1.1 Institutional and capacity building for effective natural disaster risk

management and preparedness

National Platform
Ministry of Environment
UNDP
CDP Technical
Secretariat

700,000

(Of which
1,500,000
at the
national
level and
750,000
at the local
level)

1.2 Support to establish plans to reduce risks at all administrative

levels

500,000

1.3 Develop community participation approaches through

decentralization of authority and transfer/mobilization of
resources to local level

400,000

1.4 Functioning multi-sectoral platform for risk reduction is in place

with institutional assessment of basic implementation functions of
key agencies and capacity building/systems development

650,000

TOTAL HFA 1

2,250,000

HFA 2: Ensure risk and vulnerability assessments, early warning and contingency planning and ﬁnancing – in both
rural and urban areas

2.1 Risk assessment (national and local) based on data and

information on hazards/vulnerabilities

National Platform
Ministry of Environment
UNDP
University of Lome

500,000

Includes
technology
support

2.2 Updated cartography

National Platform
University of Lome

1,000,000

Includes
technology
support

(Cont.)

22 / DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS FOR PRIORITY COUNTRIES

AFRICA

HFA Priority areas

Key Partners

Estimated

Budget for

2010-2013 in

US$

Notes

2.3 Study on the integrated ﬂood prevention and watershed

management strategy, in particular on the northern half of Togo

National Platform
University of Lome
Other institutes

300,000

2.4 Early warning systems are in place on the majority of natural

hazards and are transmitted to communities

National Platform
Ministry of Environment
UNDP
Plan ORSEC
University of Lome
Civil society
organizations

500,000

Includes
technology
support

TOTAL HFA2

2,300,000

HFA 3: Increase and sustain awareness creation, education and capacity building

3.1 Information on hazards are accessible at all levels and to all actors

National Platform
UNDP

300,000

3.2 Information campaigns to promote a culture of prevention

National Platform
CDP Technical
Secretariat

200,000

TOTAL HFA3

500,000

HFA 4: Reduce underlying risk and vulnerability (and integrate DRR into sector planning and practices for example
in water, agriculture, health, environment)

4.1 Community based pilot activities to mitigate impact of extreme

events in fragile areas

Technical Secretariat of
the CDP
Ministry of Youth and
Youth Employment
AGAIB

2,000,000

4.2 Upgrading of building codes for climate/risk resilient infrastructure

and buildings.

National Platform, CDP
Technical Secretariat,
ministry of Public works,
Ministries of Education
and Health,

300,000

TOTAL HFA4

2,300,000

HFA 5: Improve emergency preparedness and response through capacity strengthening

5.1 Development of Guidelines for Incorporating DRR into the CDP

and training

Technical Secretariat of
the CDP
UNDP
AGAIB
Civil society
organizations

250,000

5.2 Support to Emergency/contingency plans at all administrative

levels and drills are taking place

Plan ORSEC National
Platform

500,000

TOTAL HFA5

750,000

TOTAL GFDRR

8,100,000

Progress Towards GFDRR

Financed Disaster Risk Management

Programs in the Five Remaining Priority

Countries in the Africa Region

Burkina Faso, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, and Senegal

he interactive planning process for the country disaster risk management programs requires additional dialogue

with the governments, UNDP and other critical in-country stakeholders in the countries of Burkina Faso, Madagas-

car, Malawi, Mali, and Senegal. The ﬁve programs are scheduled to be completed by the end of this calendar year.

The taken approach strongly addresses poverty and sustainable growth issues in these countries. It requires further na-

tional policy coordination for the three areas of disaster risk reduction, climate change adaptation, and poverty reduction

led from high political and organizational levels with a focus on climate risk reduction as a means to promote sustainable

development. The process is placing considerable demand on governance systems from national to local levels across

a set of ministries to lay the foundation for genuine plans with clear ownership by the government.

All ﬁve countries rank very high amongst African countries most exposed to risks from multiple weather related hazards, in

particular drought and ﬂoods (Sahel and Malawi) and cyclones (Madagascar). Epidemics, pests and infestations are also

widespread. Wildﬁres have become an increasing concern in several of these countries. Coastal erosion - in part related

to storm surges - is a particular issue in Senegal and to some degree in Madagascar. Current development dynamics

and demographic changes in each of these countries put more people at risk of disasters, due to, for example, rapid ur-

banization and weak urban governance as well as declining ecosystems and ecosystem services. The high dependence

on natural resources in rural areas, the lack of secure livelihoods and limited safety nets add to these vulnerabilities.

Climate change will gradually increase these problems and especially the agricultural sectors - including ﬁsheries, water

resources, plantation crops, food crops, and livestock - will be negatively impacted. Few of these countries have as-

sessed risk and vulnerabilities of people, infrastructure and ecosystems to any substantive degree. Policy development,

institutional capacity and investment commitments at different levels for the reduction of risks and vulnerabilities are only

just beginning. The country programming is addressing these and other deﬁciencies.

INDONESIA

In preparing this DRM Country Note, a series of consultations were carried out with the National Disaster Management

Agency (BNPB) and with the National Development Planning Agency (BAPPENAS) to determine priority areas that

could be supported if more funding are available. Upon identiﬁcation of the scope for scalled up support, another

consultation was carried out with international development partners working in Indonesia, and who also have major

support programs for the country such as AusAID, JICA, the European Commission, DFID and UNDP. This consultative

process is part of on-going partnership to build synergy, avoid duplication and increase leverage. The ﬁnal proposal was

also discussed by a visiting high ofﬁcial of the World Bank and the Minister/Head of

the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) on 18 May 2009.

1. DISASTER RISK PROFILE

Indonesia ranks 12

among countries at relatively high mortality risks from multiple hazards.

Indonesia

is situated in one of the most active disaster hot spots where several types of disasters such as earthquake, tsunami,

volcanic eruption, ﬂood, landslide, drought and forest ﬁres frequently occur. According to a global risk analysis by the

World Bank

, Indonesia is among the top 35 countries that have high mortality risks from multiple hazards with about 40

percent population living in areas at risk. For a country that has more than 230 million population, this percentage gives a

very large nominal number of more than 90 million population potentially at risk creating a major humanitarian catastrophe

should large disasters occur.

Increasing frequency of disaster impacting public expenditures.

According to the Government’s disaster data

between 2001 and 2007 alone there have been more than 4,000 occurrences of disasters including ﬂoods (37%),

droughts (24%), landslides (11%), and windstorm (9%). As the disasters damage public infrastructure and people’s

homes, mostly uninsured, they created an enormous burden on public expenditure to restore those facilities.

2. DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK

A comprehensive legislative framework has been put in place, but implementation remains a major challenge.

After the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, Indonesia enacted a new Law on Disaster Management (Law 24/2007) that

outlines the principles, division of labor, organization and implementation of the national disaster management system,

including the role of international organizations. The Law has been further elaborated by the issuance of three key

Government Regulations, one Presidential Regulation and numerous implementing guidelines. While the issuance of

the legal framework is an important ﬁrst step, more work needs to be carried out to ensure that the regulations are

disseminated and implemented by the respective institutions and observed by the public.

A new National Disaster Management Agency has been created but only six out 33 provinces have

established provincial disaster management agencies.

A major shift brought by the new Disaster Management

1 See World Bank, Natural Disaster Hotspots, A Global Risk Analysis (Washington, DC: Disaster Risk Management Series, 2005),

table 1.2

DiBi database (Data and Information on Disaster in Indonesia), National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB). http://dibi.bnpb.

go.id

26 / DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS FOR PRIORITY COUNTRIES EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC

INDONESIA / 27

Law is the establishment of a dedicated agency to deal with disaster, the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB),

where previously there was only an ad-hoc inter-ministerial council.

The ﬁrst three-year National Action Plan for Disaster Risk Reduction (NAP-DRR) is nearly concluded, and

there is a need to develop a new action plan based on risk assessment.

Indonesia was among the ﬁrst few

countries in Asia that formulated their national actions plan for disaster risk reduction (NAP-DRR), which is the ﬁrst

priority of the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA). This ﬁrst NAP-DRR covering the period of 2006-2009, which was

formulated through multi-stakeholder processes, is nearly concluded. With the issuance of Government Regulation

21/2008 on the Implementation/Conduct of Disaster Management, the next NAP-DRR will have to refer to the National

Disaster Management Plan (DM Plan) currently under formulation.

Government budget on DRM has quadrupled in amount, but comprehensive risk ﬁnancing has not been

put in place.

The Government of Indonesia quadrupled its spending on disaster related activities between 2001 and

2007 as a response to two major disasters in Aceh (2004) and Java (2006). However, further analysis by BAPPENAS on

sectoral budget allocations indicated that the amounts in the last three years from 2007 to 2009 actually decreased with

the budget for 2009 back to one third of the spending in 2007, suggesting that most of the spending was for response

and recovery.

Capacity building for local government and communities in disaster risk reduction requires major

development investment.

To fully transform the reactive mindset into one that reduces risk and prevents catastrophic

impacts, systematic investment is required to build the capacity of local actors including governments, civil society and

community organizations and the private sector. The current approach, which is still reactive in allocating resources

for spending on disaster management, will have to be gradually shifted into investment for reducing risk and achieving

sustainable development. This will require continuous improvement to build competent human resources and organizations

to manage disaster risks.

COUNTRIES AT RELATIVELY HIGH MORTALITY

RISK FROM MULTIPLE HAZARDS

(Top 35 Based on Population)

1. Taiwan, China

2. El Salvador

3. Costa

Rica

4. Dominica

5. Philippines

6. Antigua and Barbuda

7. Guatemala

9. Dominican Rep.

10. Jamaica

11. Nicaragua

12. INDONESIA

16. Bangladesh

17. Colombia

35. Panama

Disaster Occurence in Indonesia

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

Source: DiBi-BNPB

EARTHQUAKE

FLOOD

DROUGHT

FOREST FIRE

LANDSLIDES

TIDAL WAVE & TSUNAMI

VOLCANIC ERUPTION

WINDSTROM

Mortality From Disaster in Indonesia

100

1000

10000

100000

1000000

Source: DiBi-BNPB

Windstorm

Floods

Earthquake

Tsunami

Forest Fire

Drought

Social Conflict

Volcanic Eruption

Landslides

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

28 / DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS FOR PRIORITY COUNTRIES EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC

Implementation of comprehensive disaster risk management measures requires both consensus and major

rehabilitation works.

Indonesia’s efforts to build a national system for disaster risk management under Law 24/2007

have provided more room for concrete actions to reduce risks. Relevant laws on spatial planning, on environment as well

as on natural resource management have provided the legal basis. But, detailed implementation still requires both more

speciﬁc consensus and new innovation for rehabilitating the current pattern of development and human settlement to

build physically and socially safer and more resilient communities.

3. KEY DONOR ENGAGEMENTS

Existing Projects with Donors and

International Financial Institutions

Funding Agency /

International Partners

Allocated

Budget and Period

(US$)

HFA Activity

Area(s)

Australia Indonesia Facility for Disaster
Reduction

Australian Agency for International

Development (AusAID)

42 million

2009-2014

1,2,3,4,5

Regular annual programming which include
support to DRR projects

Australian Agency for International

Development (AusAID)

5 million/yr

annually programmed

1,2,3,4,5

Institutional revitalization project for Flood
Management; and Flash Flood Disaster
Management

Japan International

Cooperation Agency

2007-2010

2008-2011

Multi-disciplinary hazard reduction

Japan International

Cooperation Agency

2009-2011

2,3,4,5

Promoting Private Sector Role in Disaster
Risk Reduction in Indonesia

US Agency for International

Development (USDAID)

300,000

2008-2010

3,5

Safer Community through Disaster Risk
Reduction (SCDRR)

UNDP

(w /support from DFID and AusAID)

18 million

2007-2011

1,2,3,4,5

Mainstreaming DRR in Indonesia

World Bank (GFDRR)

1.25 million

2008-2010

1,2,3,4,5

Multi Donor Fund for Aceh and Nias
Reconstruction

15 donors & managed by World Bank

692 million

2005-2012

Java Reconstruction Fund

7 donors & managed by World Bank

94.06 million

2006-2010

Building on the achievement of current GFDRR support.

Indonesia has received support from GFDRR Track-II

at a relatively modest size ($1.25 million) relative to the size of the country and its disaster risks. The current funding

has supported the Government in three core areas: 1) the preparation of the new National Action Plan for Disaster Risk

Reduction, which will be more risk-based and will at the same time strengthen the newly formed National Platform as

a consultative forum; 2) capacity building of disaster management agencies in DRR, and 3) the preparation of a cata-

strophic risk insurance framework. In addition to the above core areas, the current funding also provides support to the

internal mainstreaming of DRR within the World Bank projects. While the current activities are on-going and creating a

strategic momentum for improving both the risk response planning, institutional capacity in DRR, and ﬁnancing systems,

further support needs to be provided to follow through the current achievements into more concrete actions by the rel-

evant sectors and stakeholder groups.

3 Most of this funding is allocated mainly to rehabilitation and reconstruction activities. But, many of the activities include relevant DRR measures such

as earthquake resistant structure, etc.

INDONESIA / 29

4. GLOBAL FACILITY FOR DISASTER REDUCTION AND RECOVERY (GFDRR):

ACTION PLAN

Key development issues to be addressed.

Considering the risk proﬁle of Indonesia where hazard occurrences are

increasing while a large number of population become more exposed and vulnerable, development investment targeting

different aspects of risk reduction is urgently required. Four key issues will be addressed in the proposed scaled-up

GFDRR Track-II funded program, including: 1) the need to follow through the National Action Plan for DRR into key

targeted sectoral and regional investments, 2) the need to further strengthen disaster management agencies at the

central and local levels in building the appropriate risk analysis and risk-response systems, 3) the need to devise a more

comprehensive risk ﬁnancing strategy including to incentivise concrete risk reduction measures (e.g., insurance linked to

the application of disaster resistant building standards), and 4) the need to showcase the importance of investing in ‘no-

regret’ solutions for DRR and climate adaptation (e.g., improving the quality of urban drainage and sanitation to prevent

ﬂooding and water shortage).

Indicative Program for GFDRR Funding

(Projects and engagement areas being considered

for GFDRR funding)

Implementing Agency /

International Partners

Indicative

Budget and

Period (US$)

HFA

Activity
Area(s)

I. Mainstreaming DRR in regular development and through post-disaster recovery

Support for the mainstreaming of DRR in: (i) sectoral
development programs; (ii) regional and local
development programs; (iii) World Bank and donor
ﬁnanced development programs and projects

National Development Planning
Agency (BAPPENAS), Ministry of
Public Works, Local Governments,
Civil Society, World Bank

3.2 million

2009-2012

1,2,3,4,5

Support to the capacity development of Government of
Indonesia’s efforts to mainstream DRR into rehabilitation
and reconstruction framework

National Disaster Management
Agency (BNPB), UNDP, World Bank

750,000

2009-2012

II. Capacity building of national and local DRM agencies, including in risk assessment and risk-response

Support for the establishment and capacity building of
national, provincial and local disaster management agencies,
leveraging government and other donor programs

National Disaster Management
Agency (BNPB), Ministry of Home
Affairs, Local Governments

4 million

2009-2012

1,2,3,4,5

Technical Assistance for the development of national and
regional risk and impact assessment frameworks, tools
and methodologies

National Development Planning
Agency (BAPPENAS), National
Disaster Management Agency
(BNPB), World Bank

750,000

2009-2012

2,3

III. Support to comprehensive risk ﬁnancing strategy linked to DRR actions

Technical Assistance for the development and
implementation of comprehensive risk ﬁnancing
framework for Indonesia

Ministry of Finance, National
Development Planning Agency
(BAPPENAS), World Bank

1.6 million

2010-2012

IV. Linking Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Adaptation

Support to national and local strategy for DRR and CCA
linkages

National Council for Climate
Change (DNPI), National Disaster
Management Agency (BNPB)

250,000

2009-2011

1,2,3,4,5

Pilot initiatives and investment in climate adaptation and
resilience in urban and rural communities to build alliance
among the DRR and CCA constituents and programs

National Council for Climate
Change (DNPI), National Disaster
Management Agency (BNPB), Local
Governments, Civil Society, World Bank

3.5 million

2009-2012

3,4,5

Support to implementation of disaster and climate proof
building codes and standards and micro zoning

Ministry of Public Works, National
Disaster Management Agency
(BNPB), Local Governments, Civil
Society, World Bank

1 million

2010-2012

3,4,5

Total Budget Requested:

US$ 15.050 million

30 /

MARSHALL ISLANDS

1. COUNTRY DISASTER RISK PROFILE

The Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) consist of 29 low lying

atolls and ﬁve islands just west of the international date line and

north of the equator. Its land area is roughly 70 sq miles compared

with 700 sq miles of ocean surrounding the islands.

The major natural hazards facing

the RMI are tropical storms,

typhoons, storm surge and drought

. Additional challenges/

hazards include sea-level rise, coastal erosion, pollution of the

marine environment, ecosystem degradation and food security. The

hazard that poses the most threat to RMI is sea-level rise. Its highest

point is just 10 m above sea level.

The key natural hazards – tropical storms and typhoons, high surf and drought – are all climate-related and

expected to worsen with global warming

. Moreover, the RMI faces physical, demographic and socio-economic

conditions which exacerbate vulnerability to the above hazards including high population density, a substantial poverty

rate, low elevation, limited fresh water resources and wide dispersal of the islands.

According to a 2008 World Bank assessment, while the list of hazards facing the RMI is comparatively

small, their potential for damage is signiﬁcant as the islands two urban areas account for 60-70% of the

population.

In terms of the country as a whole, the greatest impact would be from direct typhoon hits on the urban

centers of Majuro and Ebeye. The land has low elevation and is narrow; housing and most buildings are generally of poor

construction, not well maintained and tightly packed; there are no established agreed means of evacuation or identiﬁed

shelters to seek refuge; the airport would be unusable. Climate change is likely to increase the intensity, frequency, path

and other characteristics of typhoons.

2. DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK

In 1987, RMI passed its National Disaster Management Plan.

Seven years later, the enactment of the Disaster

Assistance Act established a National Disaster Management Committee and a National Disaster Management Ofﬁce

(NDMO) located in the Ofﬁce of the Chief Secretary. In 1994, the RMI also passed a Hazard Mitigation Plan, a National

Disaster Manual, and an Airport Disaster Plan. A Drought Disaster Plan was passed in 1996, followed by the drafting of a

revised National Disaster Management Plan in 1997. The most recent legislative activity in disaster risk management was

the development of a Standard Hazard Mitigation Plan in 2005. The draft NAP is linked to the RMI development policy.

The National Action Plan for Disaster Risk Management (NAP) aligns itself both with the regional policy framework (i.e.

the Paciﬁc Regional Framework for Action on DRR & DM) and the national policy framework. AUSAID - SOPAC has

plans to support a NAP Disaster Facility to assist the RMI in establishing its DRM framework.

MARSHALL ISLANDS / 31

3. KEY DONOR ENGAGEMENTS

One of the major donors in RMI is the United States. RMI has a mutual aid agreement with the US. In exchange for

defense rights, the US provides support for capital improvements and development assistance.

The Asian Development Bank (ADB, through its Regional Environment Technical Assistance Project, facilitated the

preparation of the National Environment Management Strategy (NEMS). Recently ADB prepared a Regional Technical

Assistance Report on Regional Partnerships for Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Preparedness. This TA was

undertaken as part of ADB’s contribution to a World Bank led initiative looking at the feasibility of a catastrophe insurance

scheme for the Paciﬁc.

The Paciﬁc Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) conducted an in-depth study on the potential impact of expected

climatic changes (primarily sea-level and temperature rise) in the Marshall Islands.

Existing Projects with Donors and International Financial

Institutions

Funding Agency /

International

Partners

Allocated

Budget and

Period

(US$)

HFA

Activity
Area(s)

Sustainable management through reduced risk from disasters and
climate (Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Papua New Guinea, Solomon
Islands,
Timor-Leste, Vanuatu )

World Bank

2008 – present

$1,900,000

2,3,4,5

Paciﬁc Catastrophe Risk Pool Feasibility Study

World Bank

2008 - present

$400,000

1,2,5

Regional Technical Assistance Report on Regional Partnerships for
Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Preparedness.

ADB

n/a

1,2,4

Preparation of the National Environment Management Strategy (NEMS)

ADB

n/a

Ocean and Islands Programme for the Marshall Islands;

The Paciﬁc Islands

Applied Geoscience

Commission

(SOPAC)

n/a

Reducing Vulnerabilities of Paciﬁc ACP States. (Fiji, Papua
New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands Tonga, Tuvalu and
Vanuatu, Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, the Marshall
Islands, Nauru, Niue and Palau.)

The Paciﬁc Islands

Applied Geoscience

Commission

(SOPAC) /EU

2003-present

1,2

Community Risk Programme

The Paciﬁc Islands

Applied Geoscience

Commission

(SOPAC)

2008-12

3,4

Paciﬁc Islands Disaster Assistance Program (PDAP): The Cook Islands,
Fiji, Kiribati, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands,
Tonga, Tuvalu, and Vanuatu , Federated States of Micronesia and the
Republic of the Marshall Islands.

USAID/OFDA

$4,001,756.

1995-present

Paciﬁc Islands Climate Change Assistance Program (PICCAP), (Cook
Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands,
Nauru, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu and Vanuatu)

SPREP

1997-present

EDF 9 B Envelope – Upgrading monitoring and early warning systems

European Union

3.2 million euro

(Cont.)

32 / DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS FOR PRIORITY COUNTRIES EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC

Existing Projects with Donors and International Financial

Institutions

Funding Agency /

International

Partners

Allocated

Budget and

Period

(US$)

HFA

Activity
Area(s)

Paciﬁc Islands Climate Prediction Project
(Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Niue, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu,
Vanuatu, Papua New Guinea)

AUSAID and the

Australian bureau of

Meteorology

US$ 2.2 million
2004 - present

South Paciﬁc Sea Level and Climate Monitoring Project (Cook Islands,
Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands,
Nauru, Papua New Guinea (PNG), Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga,
Tuvalu and Vanuatu.)

AUSAID

1991 - 2010

NAP Disaster Facility

AUSAID

2009-2011

1,2,3

Paciﬁc Disaster Net

SOPAC, UNDP,

UNOCHA, IFRC

3,5

Project in Integrated Water Management

SOPAC-GEF

$500,000

4. GLOBAL FACILITY FOR DISASTER REDUCTION AND RECOVERY (GFDRR):

ACTION PLAN

Based on the GFDRR funded Country Assessment of RMI, six priority areas were identiﬁed:

Strengthening the capacity of National Emergency Management and Coordination Ofﬁce (NEMCO);

Developing an information management system;

Enhancing community-based awareness, education and participation in risk-reduction and resilience-building;

Climate-prooﬁng new water supply developments;

Reviewing and revising draft building codes; and

Early warning response

Two of these priority areas are already or likely to be supported by other donors or agencies – awareness raising slated

to be taken up by SOPAC and early warning response has a host of interested donors coordinated by SOPAC.

MARSHALL ISLANDS / 33

Indicative Program for GFDRR Funding

(Projects and engagement areas being considered for

GFDRR funding)

Implementing

Agency/

International

Partners

Indicative

Budget and

Period

(US$)

HFA

Activity
Area(s)

Facilitate Implementation of the NAP through providing TA support to the

NAP Implementation Unit (NAPIU)

Priority Activities:
– Establish the NAPIU to lead the NAP implementation
– Develop DRR/CCA policies and work with Govt ministries and local Govt

to build an enabling environment for mainstreaming DRR/CCA in RMI.

CSO with NDC,

NEMCO

$500,000

2009-2011

1,2,4

Establish Integrated Hazards Information System and Tools (with GIS

capability)

Priority Activities:
– Provide TA support for the development of an integrated hazards

information system including:

– Develop and adopt a Hazards Information Policy addressing:
– Assess data needs and products for DRR/CCA
– Identify long term storage requirements, analysis tools and mapping needs
– Acquire appropriate computer hardware, software and high speed Internet

connection

– Support capacity building through populating the information system with

available historical data and undertaking vulnerability mapping and risk
modeling for CC & risk prediction

CSO with NAPIU,

EPA, Met Services,

MWSC, R&D,

MIMRA, EPPSO, IA

$300,000

2009-2011

Climate-prooﬁng water supply systems
Priority Activities:
– Identify and establish collaborative arrangements with donors, government

agencies, private sectors, and communities involved in water supply

– Develop and pilot a climate-prooﬁng approach to a new water harvesting

initiative, involving:

1. Assessing the system design with respect to risks of drought (present

and future);

2. Consultation with water consumers and system designers concerning

acceptable levels of risk;

3. Assessment of options for reducing the risks;

– Build in-country capacity to implement the approach and tools;
– Incorporate the climate-prooﬁng approach and methods into the wider

programme of water supply developments.

EPPSO, with EPA,

Weather Ofﬁce, Min.

of Internal Affairs,

PWD

$500,000

2009-2011

Review, revise and promote building codes
Priority activities:
– Review the draft building codes and identify potential areas for

improvement and strengthening with respect to risk reduction.

– Develop preliminary set of options for revision covering range of hazards
– Hold consultative workshops with local governments and communities in

order to incorporate stakeholder views and preferences

– Revise draft based on outcomes of consultation
– Identify key proponents of building codes within government and promote

government approval.

CSO with NDC,

NEMCO

$200,000

2009-2011

Total Budget Requested

$1.5 million

34 / DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS FOR PRIORITY COUNTRIES EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC

PAPUA NEW GUINEA

1. DISASTER RISK PROFILE

Papua New Guinea is prone to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, cyclones, river and coastal

ﬂooding, landslides and drought.

It is ranked 54

among countries most exposed to multiple hazards based on

land area, according to the World Bank’s Natural Disaster Hotspot study. Like its neighboring Paciﬁc states, Papua

New Guinea is prone to natural-caused disasters including earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, cyclones, river

ﬂooding and coastal erosion, landslides, droughts and frost. It ranks in the top 6 countries with the highest percentage

of population exposed to earthquake hazards and has the highest percentage of population exposed to severe volcanic

risk. Given its topography, high seismicity and high annual rainfall, the country ranked highest in terms of landslide hazard

proﬁles according to the World Bank Hotspot study.

COUNTRIES MOST EXPOSED

TO MULTIPLE HAZARDS

(Top 60 based on land area

with 2 or more hazards)

1. St. Kitts and Nevis

2. Macao, China

5. Taiwan, China

10. Guatemala

15. Somalia

18. Cayman Islands

20. Japan

25. Chile

28. Tajikistan

30. Madagascar

35. Mexico

40. Swaziland

45. Lesotho

50. Dominica

54. PAPUA NEW GUINEA

55. Jamaica

60. Armenia

% Population Affected by Disaster Type

Economic Damages by Disaster Type (1000s US$)

120000

100000

80000

60000

40000

20000

Flood

Volcano

Storm

Earthquake

Storm

46%

Volcano

11%

Earthquake

Mass

movement wet

Flood

39%

Source: “EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database”

PAPUA NEW GUINEA / 35

2. DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK

Papua New Guinea was among the ﬁrst counties to adopt the Hyogo Framework for Action in November

2005, but has been unable to integrate the actions into its national development priorities.

The Disaster

Management Plan, in place since 1987, is considered outdated and not 100% relevant to the contemporary best

practices. The current operational document for response management is the 2003 National and Provincial Disaster

and Risk Management Handbook. The Papua New Guinea Disaster Risk Reduction and Disaster Management National

Framework for Action 2005- 2015 is still in draft form and has not yet been adopted by the GoPNG. However various

partners and stakeholders like UNDP (PNG) and the University of Papua New Guinea have been aligning their work

plans and teachings based on this Framework.

The National Disaster Centre (NDC) within the Department of Provincial and Local Government Affairs

was established by an Act of Parliament to coordinate rapid responses to the impacts of natural-caused

disasters.

3. KEY DONOR ENGAGEMENTS

Existing Projects with Donors and International

Financial Institutions

Funding Agency/

International

Partners

Allocated

Budget and

Period

(US$)

HFA

Activity
Area(s)

Paciﬁc Catastrophe Risk Pool Feasibility Study (Cook Islands, Fiji, Papua
New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu )

World Bank

2008 -

present

$400,000

1,2,5

Sustainable Management Through Reduced Risk from Disasters and
Climate (Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Papua New Guinea, Solomon
Islands, Timor-Leste, Vanuatu )

World Bank

2008 –
present

$1,9 million

2,3,4,5

Support for DRM in PNG

AUSAID

2009-2012

US$ 7.4

million

1, 2, 3,4,5

Paciﬁc Islands Disaster Assistance Program (PDAP): The Cook Islands, Fiji,
Kiribati, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga,
Tuvalu, and Vanuatu , Federated States of Micronesia and the Republic of the
Marshall Islands.

USAID/OFDA

$4,001,756.

1995-present

Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Capacity Building Project

UNDP

$300,000

2006-2012

1,4

Disaster Risk Management

UNDP

2009

1,2,3,4

EDF 9 B Envelope – Upgrading monitoring and early warning systems

European Union

3.2 million

euro

Paciﬁc Islands Climate Prediction Project
(Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Niue, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu,
Vanuatu, Papua New Guinea)

AUSAID and the

Australian Bureau

of Meteorology

AUS $ 5.5

million

2004 -

present

South Paciﬁc Sea Level and Climate Monitoring Project (Cook Islands,
Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru,
Papua New Guinea (PNG), Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu and
Vanuatu.)

AUSAID

1991 - 2010

2,5

36 / DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS FOR PRIORITY COUNTRIES EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC

4. GLOBAL FACILITY FOR DISASTER REDUCTION AND RECOVERY (GFDRR):

ACTION PLAN

Due to the weak policy and institutional frameworks currently evident in Papua New Guinea, opportunities for investment

have been restricted to those which:

contribute to reducing actual risk

contribute to building on existing in-country capacity

are supported by, or contribute to, or inform sector risk reduction policy frameworks within country priority

activities.

Have a reasonably strong change of receiving government commitment and partnership

Indicative Program for GFDRR Funding

(Projects and engagement areas being considered

for GFDRR funding)

Implementing Agency/

International Partners

Indicative

Budget and

Period

(US$)

HFA

Activity
Area(s)

Develop a Coordinated Hazard Policy and Integrated Spatial
Hazard Risk Information and Mapping System for PNG
(National Scale)

Priority activities
(1) Provide (Technical Adviser ( TA) support to hazard departments to:

Establish a coordinated government policy on the collection and
storage of hazard data, the development of vulnerability, risk and
trend information and it presentation and sharing across sectors for
planning and development purposes
Assess needs and develop an integrated spatial database with
analysis tools and mapping capability
Identify requirements and acquire appropriate map and image bases
for hazard mapping and land use management purposes for urban,
rural, coastal and highland applications
Enter existing and historical datasets across all hazards and develop
initial vulnerability and risk information
Enhance seismometer network installation (EU funded) with
installation of accelerogram equipment.

Capacity Building on National Disaster Centre & Key agencies
in the areas of:

Finance Management
GIS & Remote Sensing Skills for Hazard Mapping & Risk
Management (national scale)
DRR Trainings for provinces and community based DRR

Conduct Hazard Maps, Digitizing and Spatial Information on
Drought, Frost, Coastal Erosion Plus Awareness in view of
Predicted Mega Drought in 2012 (Local Scale embedded into
local planning and regulatory tools)

Drought Vulnerability Map
Bush Fire Vulnerability Map
Water/River catachment Map
Food Security Information
Training
Awareness Information through media and stakeholders

Min of Mineral Policy and

Geohazards Management

with Geohazards Division,

National Weather

Service, Water Resource

Management Branch,

National Mapping Bureau,

DL&PP, DEC, NDC

NDCen

NARI, DAL, NDCen,

DEC, Geohazard Ofﬁce,

NMBureau, NS Actors

2009-2011

$550,000

$1,500,000

1, 5

2, 3, 4, 5

Total budget request

$2,600,000

SOLOMON ISLANDS / 37

SOLOMON ISLANDS

To prepare the Country DRM Note, consultations were undertaken

with members of the World Bank?s Paciﬁc team and the Director of

the NDMO, and meetings were held with Ministry of Home Affairs,

Ministry of Environment, Conservation and Meteorology, Ministry

of Mines and Energy, Ministry of Planning and Aide Coordination,

Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Works and Infrastructure, European

Commission, ADB, AusAID, NZAID, UNDP, SOPAC, Red Cross.

The matrix of priority areas and actions for DRM and estimated

budget allocations were discussed and cleared with the NDMO

Director in May 2009 after consultation within Government and with

key donors and partners. There is strong support and ownership and

endorsement by NDMO for the matrix of priority areas and actions.

1. DISASTER RISK PROFILE

The Solomon Islands rank among 20 countries with the highest economic risk exposure to two or more

hazards.

With over 992 islands stretching over 1,500 kilometers, this group of mountainous islands with some low lying

coral atolls has just over half a million people. The Islands are exposed to a wide range of geological, hydrological and

climatic hazards, including tropical cyclones, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, landslides, ﬂoods and droughts.

Over the past 30 years there have been six major natural disasters: two earthquakes – one with an associated tsunami

– and four tropical cyclones, directly impacting over 100,000 people with over 100 deaths.

2. DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK

The National Disaster Council has the primary responsibility for disaster risk management in the Solomon

Islands.

Established by the National Disaster Council Act (1989) and National Disaster Plan (1987), it is supported by

the National Disaster Management Ofﬁce (NDMO) under the Ministry of Home Affairs. The NDC is currently reviewing

the institutional framework for DRM as they plan to develop a National Action Plan for DRM and Disaster Risk Reduction.

The country’s disaster risk management framework is currently under review and a new proposal should be presented to

Parliament by November 2009. This new plan and legislation addresses both CCA and DRM and provides for a broader

NDC membership including the Prime Minister’s Ofﬁce, the Ministry of Development Planning and Aid Coordination; the

Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Meteorology; The Ministry of Mines and Energy; the Ministry of Agriculture

and Livestock and the Ministry of Women Youth and Children.

38 / DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS FOR PRIORITY COUNTRIES EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC

3. KEY DONOR ENGAGEMENTS

Existing Projects with Donors and International Financial Insti-

tutions

Funding Agency /

International

Partners

Allocated

Budget and

Period

(US$)

HFA

Activity
Area(s)

Paciﬁc Catastrophe Risk Pool Feasibility Study (Cook Islands, Fiji,
Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu )

World Bank

2008 - present

$400,000

1,2,5

Sustainable management through reduced risk from disasters and
climate (Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Papua New Guinea, Solomon
Islands, Timor-Leste, Vanuatu )

World Bank

2008 – present

$1,900,000

2,3,4,5

Strengthening the National Disaster Management Ofﬁce

AusAID through the

NDMO

2005 – 2010:

Aus$2,500,000

1, 2, 3, 4,

Strengthening disaster management facilities in the provinces

The European

Union/provincial

level partners

1,2,3,4

Community level disaster risk reduction and disaster preparedness
workshop

JICA/provincial level

partners

2,3,4

Disaster Risk Management Advisory Support and Rehabilitation of
Damaged infrastructure

ADB

Paciﬁc Islands Climate Change Assistance Program (PICCAP), (Cook
Islands, Federated States of
Micronesia, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands,
Nauru, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu
and Vanuatu)

SPREP

1997-present

Paciﬁc Islands Disaster Assistance Program (PDAP):. The Cook Islands,
Fiji, Kiribati, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands,
Tonga, Tuvalu, and Vanuatu , Federated States of Micronesia and the
Republic of the Marshall Islands.

USAID/OFDA

$4,001,756.

1995-present

Paciﬁc Islands Climate Prediction Project
(Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Niue, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu,
Vanuatu, Papua New Guinea)

AUSAID and the

Australian Bureau of

Meteorology

AUS $ 5.5

million

2004 - present

AUSAID

1991 - 2010

2,5

Environmental sustainability mainstreamed into regional and national
policies and planning frameworks Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji,
Kiribati, Nauru, Palau, Marshall Islands, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu,
Vanuatu);

UNDP

2008 - 2012
$16,831,000

(Cont.)

SOLOMON ISLANDS / 39

4. GLOBAL FACILITY FOR DISASTER REDUCTION AND RECOVERY (GFDRR):

ACTION PLAN

As the islands currently lack a disaster risk management strategy and implementation plan, a key activity would be

providing technical assistance to the development of a framework for disaster risk management and developing facilities

whereby this framework can be funded. Both country speciﬁc and PIC initiatives must be considered to (i) strengthen

institutional capacity for strategic planning and coordination (ii) integrate disaster risk reduction into all development

planning and (iii) lead towards the next phase of a comprehensive risk ﬁnance strategy.

Indicative Program for GFDRR Funding

(Projects and engagement areas being

considered for GFDRR funding)

Implementing Agency /

International Partners

Indicative

Budget and

Period

(US$)

HFA

Activity
Area(s)

A. Support the integration of DRM, including DRR and CCA,
in Solomon Is Government institutions, policies and plans

Priority Activities:

Support the implementation of the DRM/CCA Institutional

Framework through the National Disaster Council (NDC). This could
include:
support to NDC Committees and Operational Clusters at the
national, provincial and local levels; development of policies and
arrangements for integrating DRM/CCA into national, sector and
provincial planning and budget processes.

Strengthen DRR/CCA planning and budgeting capacity of

sector speciﬁc institutions and develop DRR/CCA plans within
key ministries (Ministries of Agriculture, Infrastructure, Lands,
Women Youth and Children, Health, Education, Environment, Rural
Development)

Prime Minister’s Ofﬁce
National Disaster Council
(NDC)
Ministry of Development
Planning and Aid
Coordination
Ministry of Finance and
Treasury
NDC Ministries
NDMO
Sector Ministries

International Partners:
AusAID 2009 Au$0.6m
Potential for cooperation
and coordination with
donor and NGO community
programs in DRR and CCA

2009 – 2011

2009

US$0.1m

2010

US$0 .2m

2011

US$0 .2m

1,2,3,4,5

Total budget request

$2,600,000

(Cont.)

40 / DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS FOR PRIORITY COUNTRIES EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC

Indicative Program for GFDRR Funding

(Projects and engagement areas being

considered for GFDRR funding)

Implementing Agency /

International Partners

Indicative

Budget and

Period

(US$)

HFA

Activity
Area(s)

B. Implement DRR activities and pilot
investments in priority sectors and at community
level

Priority activities:

Implementation of priority DRR activities in selected

key sectors. Possible activities could include:
improving end-to-end early warning arrangements;
developing and disseminating risk maps, undertaking
provincial and community level DRM programs in
conjunction with NGO and local community groups,
encouraging the private sector in DRR activities and
promoting the sustainable use and management of
ecosystems - including through better regulation of
land-use and development activities to reduce risk
and vulnerabilities.

This activity and the selection of pilot interventions
will depend on the progress under Activity A and
will be coordinated with other donors and partner
institutions.

Support the development and implementation of a

wireless broadband communication network across
the 9 provinces to support disaster risk management
arrangements and early warning systems.

Such a network could also support hazard
observation monitoring networks and rural
development, livelihood and welfare sector programs.
The network could comprise up to 7 satellite
receiving stations, microwave spine systems with
local village networks on a village ownership
business model and be installed in association with
technical co-sponsors.

Activities would include: addressing the feasibility
of the technical and business model solutions;
implementing a satellite receiving network with
microwave spine system in three stages; and
progressively establishing local networks through
villages on a local ownership business model.

National Disaster Council (NDC)
Ministry of Development Planning and
Aid Coordination
Ministry of Finance and Treasury
Ministry of Communication and
Aviation
Ministry of Environment, Conservation
and Meteorology
Ministry of Rural Development
NDMO
Utility agencies
NGO’s
Private sector

International Partners:
New Zealand based technical co-
sponsor
UNDP
EU

2009 – 2011

2010

US$0.3m

2011

US$0.6m

2009

US$0.1m

2010

US$0.5m

2011

US$0.1m

1, 2,3,4,5

(Cont.)

SOLOMON ISLANDS / 41

Indicative Program for GFDRR Funding

(Projects and engagement areas being

considered for GFDRR funding)

Implementing Agency /

International Partners

Indicative

Budget and

Period

(US$)

HFA

Activity
Area(s)

C. Strengthen institutional arrangements for
integrated hazard management, including
developing an integrated hazard information
system and progressively upgrading the hazard
observation networks

Priority activities:

Develop a hazards strategic plan and undertake

capacity development within the hazards group
including but not limited to:
mapping of key hazards, development of an
integrated all-hazards information system with
risk and vulnerability tools, undertaking risk and
vulnerability assessments for priority and identiﬁed
sector clients

Establish minimum requirements for the Solomon

Is observation networks ( particularly for the
meteorological and hydrological monitoring) and
progressively upgrade in conjunction with other
regional programs

NDC Committees for Hazards and
Risk Reduction
Ministry of Environment, Conservation
and Meteorology
Ministry of Mines and Energy
Ministry of Lands, Housing and Survey
NDMO

International Partners:
UNDP
EU
Regional HYCOS and Meteorological
review programs Melanesian Volcanic
Network initiative.

2009-2011

2009

US$0.1m

2010

US$0.2m

2011

US$0.2m

1,2,3,4

D. Develop the Guadalcanal Flood Plain
Management regime and warning system and
associated DM Arrangements

Priority activities

Deﬁne hazard monitoring regime and ﬂoodplain

management plan

Install hydrological network and warning system

Develop local disaster management arrangements

NDC – Risk Reduction Committee
Ministry of Mines and Energy –
Hydrological Unit
Ministry of Environment, Conservation
and Meteorology
Ministry of Lands, Housing and Survey
NDMO

International Partners:
ADB
EU

2009-2011

2009

US$0.1m

2010

US$0.5m

2011

US$0.1m

2,3,4

Total Budget Requested

US$3.3m

42 / DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS FOR PRIORITY COUNTRIES EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC

42 /

VIETNAM

1. COUNTRY DISASTER RISK PROFILE

Located in the tropical monsoon area in South East Asia, Vietnam

is one of the most hazard-prone areas in the Asia Paciﬁc Region.

Because of its topography, Vietnam is susceptible to typhoons, ﬂoods,

droughts, sea water intrusion, landslides, forest ﬁres and occasional

earthquakes of which typhoons and ﬂoods are the most frequent and most

devastating hazards. The storm season lasts from May to December with

storms hitting the northern part of the country in May through June and moving

gradually south from July to December. A 2007 assessment of the World Bank listed Vietnam as one of the ﬁve

worst affected countries by climate change, as a large proportion of the population, infrastructure and

economic production including irrigated agriculture, is located in costal lowlands and deltas.

% People Affected by Disaster Type

Economic Damages by Disaster Type (1000s USD)

2. DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK

Vietnam’s primary DRM framework, the National Strategy for Natural Disaster Prevention, Response and

Mitigation to 2020

, was approved by the Government in November 2007. The Strategy lays out Vietnam’s primary

disaster risk management objectives, focusing largely on water related disasters. MARD has estimated they will require

Flood

59%

Drought

Storm

32%

1,400,000

1,200,000

1,000,000

800,000

600,000

400,000

200,000

Flood

Storm

Drought

VIETNAM / 43

a budget of US $18 billion; around US $13 billion for structural measures i.e. building reservoirs, dams, dyke and US $5

billion for non-structural measures.

The National Strategy’s speciﬁc objectives are:

enhancing forecasting, improving building codes and integrating

DRM into development, human resource development of DRM staff and increased public awareness, complete relocation

of people living in disaster prone areas, improved search and rescue capacity, improved sea dykes and embankments,

improved safety of reservoirs, completion of shelters for shipping, improved communications system with offshore

ﬁshing boats, new regional sea rescue treaties. It also proposes to formulate a DRM law, consolidate DRM organizational

structures and ensure there is sufﬁcient budgetary resources for DRM.

3. KEY DONOR ENGAGEMENTS

Existing Projects with Donors and

International Financial Institutions

Funding Agency

International

Partners

Allocated

Budget and

Period

(US$)

HFA Activity

Area(s)

Natural Disaster Risk Mitigation Program involves prevention and
mitigation investments, community based disaster risk management, post-
disaster reconstruction support and institutional strengthening.

World Bank,

Netherlands,

Japan and AusAID

$110 million

1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Hazard Risk Management Institutional Development Advocacy and
Capacity Building Program provides technical assistance for capacity
building in risk ﬁnance, CBDRM, urban drainage designs, climate resilient
cities, and integration of DRM into poverty reduction activity.(* see chart
below for additional details)

GFDRR

$914,000

1,3,4,5

Emergency Rehabilitation of Calamity Damage Project for a rapid
resumption of livelihoods and reduction of vulnerability to natural disasters
in the affected areas (primarily infrastructure repair).

ADB

$76 million

4,5

Strengthening Institutional Capacity for Disaster Risk Management in
Vietnam, including Climate Change related disasters program provides
institutional capacity building TA for DRM and climate change related
issues in Vietnam.
- Supporting evidence-based national and local Disaster Risk

Management legislation, strategies and policies and plans developed,
approved and integrated in socio-economic and sectoral strategies and
plans.

- Strengthening Institutional systems and processes to enhance

coordinated and integrated DRR actions and adaptation to global
climate change, at national and provincial level.

- Strengthening national and local capacities to minimize the adverse

social, economic and environmental impacts of climate-related disasters.

UNDP/One UN

$4.5 million

1,2,3,4,5

Program for Hydrometeorological Risk Mitigation in Asian Cities
(PROMISE): (Chittagong, Bangladesh; Hyderabad, Pakistan; Dagupan
City, the Philippines; Kalutara, Sri Lanka; and Da Nang, Vietnam,
Semarang in Indonesia)

USAID/OFDA

$1,855,286

2005-present

1,2,3,4

Asia Flood Network (AFN): (Cambodia, China, Laos, Thailand, and
Vietnam in the Mekong river basin and Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and
Pakistan in the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Megna )

USAID/OFDA

$2,579,927

2,3

Drought Preparedness in Southeast Asia: (Cambodia, East Timor, and
Vietnam.)

USAID/OFDA

$1,200,000.

2,3

(Cont.)

44 / DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS FOR PRIORITY COUNTRIES EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC

Existing Projects with Donors and

International Financial Institutions

Funding Agency

International

Partners

Allocated

Budget and

Period

(US$)

HFA Activity

Area(s)

Project for Building Disaster Resilient Societies in Central Region of
Vietnam supports storm and ﬂood mitigation infrastructure works in the
three central provinces of Quang Ngai, Thua Thien Hue and Quang Nam.

JICA

$4.5 million

1,2,3,4,5

Joint Advocacy Network Initiative(JANI – formerly Dani) program
works to improve the effectiveness of Community-based Disaster Risk
Management (CBDRM) in Vietnam

ECHO

1998-present

Euro 6 million

1, 2, 3, 5

Capacity Building for Mitigation and Adaptation of Geodisasters
Related to Environment and Energy Development in Vietnam project
aims to building capacities for Vietnamese experts in the areas of
geodisaster adaptation and mitigation.

Norway $2.2

million

2,3,4,5

Community Based Disaster management in the Mekong Delta/
Mountainous areas

Oxfam UK/Hong

Kong

2,3,4

Mangrove Plantation, disaster preparedness and climate change

Vietnam Red Cross

2,3,4

Ongoing GFDRR Activities

(Current GFDRR Portfolio)

Budget

(years covered)

HFA Activity Area(s)

Study on existing transfer activities

165k

HFA Priority #4: Reduction of the underlying risk factors

Study on drainage system for coastal cities

154k

HFA Priority #4: Reduction of the underlying risk factors

Climate resilient cities, pilot in Ha Noi,
Can Tho and Dong Hoi

320k

HFA Priority #4: Reduction of the underlying risk factors

Documentaries to promote CBDRM

65k

HFA Priority #3: Use knowledge, innovation and education
to build a culture of safety and resilience at all levels

DRM integration into the Bank’s poverty
reduction project

110k

HFA Priority #4: Reduction of the underlying risk factors

Capacity support to DRR and CCA

68k

4. GLOBAL FACILITY FOR DISASTER REDUCTION AND RECOVERY (GFDRR):

ACTION PLAN

By putting forth the National Strategy and National Action Plan, the Government has shown a strong interest in moving

forward with the DRM agenda. Vietnam currently has a $110 million IDA program. Although DRM is a priority for the

government, lessons learned from this activity show there is extremely weak capacity for client implementation so Bank

execution is proposed for much of the next round of GFDRR grants. Moreover, there is a strong need to integrate

DRM into many of Vietnam’s new investment projects. The Government has proposed integrating DRM into its socio-

economic planning and, in partnership, the World Bank Hanoi would like to integrate DRM into its upcoming and existing

projects.

VIETNAM / 45

Indicative Program for GFDRR Funding

(Projects and engagement areas being considered for

GFDRR funding)

Implementing Agency

/International

Partners

Indicative

Budget and

Period

(US$)

HFA Activity

Area(s)

I Integration of Disaster Risk Reduction into Pipeline

World Bank projects in Vietnam

Priority activities:
1. Identiﬁcation of pipeline projects suitable for DRM integration
2. Mainstreaming disaster reduction activities (structural

improvement and non structural activities such as assessments,
awareness raising etc) and into upcoming projects such as
roads, schools, hospitals, the Northern Mountains program etc.
during the preparation phase

3. Developing guidelines for a detailed disaster risk assessment

checklist for future Vietnam projects

4. Integration of DRR into upcoming and existing CAA Activities
4. Preparation of the next IDA lending program for Disaster Risk

Reduction in Vietnam which is expected to get on board in FY
2012.

WBOH

2009-2011

$2 million

1,2,3,4,5

II Risk Financing Options – Supporting the Development

of Vietnam’s Strategy

Priority activities:
1. Identiﬁcation and assessment of catastrophe risks (e.g. wind,

earthquake, ﬂood),

2. Collection of relevant existing hazard, vulnerability and exposure

data

3. Support development of a catastrophe risk ﬁnance model for

Vietnam that would allow for risk transfer and risk sharing
mechanisms

4. Support development of draft legislation and regulations that

would allow implementation if such a scheme in Vietnam.

5. Explore development of supplemental multi-hazard risk maps
6. Strengthen Ministry of Finance and National Planning capacity

for understanding and bringing a focus to this issue

7. Establishment of an umbrella contingent component for the

Bank’s investment projects that can be mobilized for disaster
recovery

WBOH

Ministry of Finance,

Ministry of Agriculture

and Rural Development

2009-2011

$3 million

1,2,3,4,5

III Support Vietnam’s NAP Implementation
Priority activitie may includes
1. In close coordination with other donors, provide TA for the

preparation of the National Action Plan to implement the
National Strategy on DRM

2. Support sub national DRM structures, in coordination with

UNDP, including both establishment of centers and staff
capacity building

3. Update and developing risk maps and related information in

conjunction with activity II

4. Support Vietnam’s planned national DRM training and

awareness raising activities

5. Improving development and enforcement of building codes

which incorporate disaster risk reduction measuress

WBOH

Central Committee for

ﬂood and Storm Control,

MONRE, Provincial

authorities

2009 -2011

$6 million

1,2,3,4,5

(Cont.)

46 / DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS FOR PRIORITY COUNTRIES EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC

Indicative Program for GFDRR Funding

(Projects and engagement areas being considered for

GFDRR funding)

Implementing Agency

/International

Partners

Indicative

Budget and

Period

(US$)

HFA Activity

Area(s)

IV Strengthen the hydrological and meteorological
capability for Vietnam
Priority activities
1. Review the meteorological and hydrological observational

networks, data collection, processing and information
dissemination systems.

2. Based on identiﬁed gaps and establish requirements for

effective meteorological and hydrological monitoring, forecasting
and end-to-end warning system and service delivery, at the same
time addressing hazard management and climate change needs.

3. Review and develop institutional arrangements to support a

sustainable level of service

4. Implement institutional and sustainable service arrangements.
5. Design and implement systems support purchase of and tools

to support regular meteorological and hydrological monitoring,
forecasting, end-to-end warning and effective service delivery.

6. Enhance the climate database and operational systems for

effective climate change monitoring, prediction and evaluation.

7. Identify skills gap and assist with training and capacity building.

MONRE, Department

of Hydro-meteorology

and Climate Change,

National Center of

Hydro-meteorology

2009-2011

$3.9 million

Support to program monitoring, evaluation and oversite

WBOH

3 years

100,000

Total Budget Requested:

US$15,000,000

48 / DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT NOTES FOR PRIORITY COUNTRIES 2009-2015 EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA

KYRGYZ REPUBLIC

To prepare the Kyrgyz Republic Country DRM Note, the team built upon a technical assistance project supported by

GFDRR. This project, —An Action Plan for Improving Weather and Climate Service Delivery in High-Risk, Low-Income

Countries in Central Asia—, involved support from the Kyrgyz Hydrometeorological service, which facilitated the work of

technical missions in Bishkek and Naryn oblast. The Country Note beneﬁtted from ongoing collaboration with the entities

of the sectoral ministries and agencies of the Kyrgyz Republic; in particular, the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the

Ministry of Agriculture, Water Resources and Manufacturing industry, the Ministry of Transport and Communications,

and the Ministry of Industry and Energy. In advancing the Kyrgyz Republic’s hydromet services, the project team

beneﬁted from constructive dialogue with representatives of stakeholders during a consultation workshop in Bishkek

(December 16, 2008). The World Bank’s Bishkek ofﬁce provided support for these consultations and representatives

of donor organizations such as the Swiss Cooperation Ofﬁce actively participated and supported the underlying technical

assistance work.

1. DISASTER RISK PROFILE

The geography and topography of the Kyrgyz Republic makes it a highly hazard prone country. These include

hydro-meteorological, geological, geo-physical, and biological hazards. Natural hazards include earthquakes, land and

mudslides, avalanches, squalls, downpours, icing, frosts, droughts, breakthrough of glacial lakes, ﬂoods, rise of sub-soil

waters, epidemics, pests, crop diseases and river erosion. Heavy snowfall in winter leads to spring ﬂoods which often

cause serious downstream damage. The country is classiﬁed as the most seismically dangerous territory in Central Asia.

Natural disasters cause approximately $30- 35 million of damage and losses annually.

Meteorological Hazards.

Kyrgyzstan is located in the center of the largest Eurasian continent, away from signiﬁcant

water bodies, and close to deserts, which deﬁnes the drought-prone continental climate of the country. On average, 3-4

extreme meteorological hazards (drastic changes of weather, frosts, heavy precipitation) occur annually covering the

majority of the country, there are about 7-10 high-impact mudﬂows and avalanches, and seasonal river ﬂoods happen

every year. Approximately half of Kyrgyzstan’s GDP is weather and climate sensitive and would beneﬁt from

more reliable hydrometeorological and climate information to improve day-to-day operations and planning. Current

economic losses are estimated to vary between 1.0 - 1.5% of GDP

Seismic Events.

As per the Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program (GSHAP), most of Kyrgyzstan lies in

a region with very high seismic hazard

(see map below). When fully operational, the national system of seismic

monitoring registered from 2,000 to 5,000 earthquakes each year. Among them, 5 to 10 per year are considered strong

(felt, but no major damage), while a destructive earthquake (causing infrastructural damage) takes place every 3 to 5

years, and a catastrophic one (causing infrastructural damage and death) every 35 years, on average. The most recent

destructive catastrophic earthquake (Magnitude 6.6 on the Richter scale) hit the southeast of the Kyrgyz Republic on

5 October 2008. The village of Nura was the most severely damaged, with 74 people killed, 157 injured; an estimated

90% of village infrastructure destroyed.

Landslides.

Extensive areas of the Kyrgyz Republic are characterized by the presence of very large landslide hazards.

There are about 5,000 potentially active landslide sites, about 3,500 of which are in the southern part of the

country. Stability of most landslides is satisfactory in dry conditions. Landslides are typically activated due to temporary

development of signiﬁcant ground water pressures along the slip planes, with actual mass displacement sometimes

initiated within minutes or hours of activation. The last major landslide disaster occurred on April 20, 2003 when a

landslide near Uzgen in Osh Oblast killed 38 people, while 84 families lost their houses.

Uranium Mine Tailings, Rock Dumps and Landslide Hazards.

With independence, the Kyrgyz Republic inherited a

legacy of environmental damage caused by many years of output-focused mining development, with little regard to either

economic viability or environmental impact. There are ﬁve signiﬁcant locations in the country with old mine tailings and waste

rock dumps. The total tailings volume is about 1.96 million m

. The total waste dump volume is 0.8 million m

2. DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK

Institutional Setup for Disaster Hazard Management and Emergency Response

. The Ministry of Emergency

Situations (MES) is responsible for disaster hazard management and emergency response. MES has established

departments responsible for preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery. A detailed set of risk maps has been

developed and potential disasters have been classiﬁed. The outline of a declaration process was developed to deﬁne

when each successive level of government becomes involved if a disaster event occurs. Government is, however, anxious

to improve the practical effectiveness of its emergency management and response efforts, and there are a number of

issues that must be addressed in order to build on the current foundation.

Legislation and Strategies

. Several pieces of relevant legislation have been approved in the Kyrgyz Republic. The

legislation is generally acceptable, as it deﬁnes authorities, roles and responsibilities at all levels of government and

in the private sector. Current issues relate to a lack of regulations to support the primary legislation and the lack of

coordination, technology, and resources to implement necessary measures. The Kyrgyz Government recently developed

a draft National Emergency Response and Management Plan (NERMP) that will, when approved, serve as a much

better structured and funded Government framework for disaster management.

KYRGYZ REPUBLIC / 49

50 / DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS FOR PRIORITY COUNTRIES EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA

Status of Hydrometeorological Services.

An extensive technical review (ﬁnanced by GFDRR in 2008-2009) of

observational networks and other hydrometeorological infrastructure of the Kyrgyzhydromet has shown that the current

condition of the hydrometeorological service fails to meet the needs of the government and the weather and climate-

sensitive social and economic sectors for hydrometeorological services, and fails to fulﬁll the country’s international and

regional obligations for weather and climate information. There is an urgent need for hydromet modernization to reduce

the risks to human life and potential damage to Kyrgyzstan’s economy as a result of weather and climate events.

Reducing the ﬁnancial vulnerability of homeowners and SMEs to natural hazards.

Despite major loss potentials

from natural disasters, the level of catastrophe insurance penetration in Kyrgyzstan is much too low to mitigate adverse

ﬁnancial consequences of future natural disasters on the economy, central government and households budgets. In this

context, the Government needs to develop mechanisms for risk transfer and sharing through public-private partnerships,

engagement of the insurance industry and consider setting up a catastrophe insurance pool. Unfortunately, the creation

of a stand-alone individual country catastrophe insurance pool is unlikely to be economically and technically feasible.

The Kyrgyz Republic would thus beneﬁt from the creation of a regional catastrophe insurance pool that would act as a

regional aggregator of catastrophe risk and help governments access the global reinsurance market on better pricing

terms. Such a program could be then extended to the Kyrgyz Republic and other countries of the region.

3. KEY DONOR ENGAGEMENTS

The Kyrgyz Republic receives support for hazard risk management (HRM) from the ADB, the European Union, Swiss

Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), the UNDP, and the World Bank.

Existing Projects with Donors and International Financial

Institutions

Funding Agency

International

Partners

Allocated

Budget and

Period(US$)

HFA

Activity
Area(s)

Country Programs

Reducing Vulnerability of the Poor to Natural Disasters, to improve
the capacity of the national and local authorities for reducing the
vulnerability of the poor to frequently occurring natural disasters.

ADB (Japan Grant)

1,000,000

2004-

Water Management and Disaster Risk Reduction, which includes
awareness training on integrated DRM, grants for disaster reduction,
and an earthquake safety project.

Swiss Development

Corporation (SDC)

N.A.

2007-2011

DRM programme that focuses on preparing for, mitigating and
responding to natural disasters, particularly in the south of the country.

UNDP

N.A.

2008-2010

1, 4, 5

Investigation and Analysis of Natural Hazard Impacts on Linear
Infrastructure in South Kyrgyzstan.

World Bank (GFDRR)

50,000

2008-2009

Improving Weather, Climate and Hydrological Services Delivery in
Kyrgyz Rep. (TA project).

World Bank (GFDRR)

75,000

2008-2009

1, 2, 5

Disaster Hazard Mitigation Project (DHMP) to: (i) remediate
abandoned uranium mine tailings in the Mailuu-Suu area; (ii) improve
the effectiveness of emergency management and response by national,
sub-national authorities and local communities; (iii) reduce loss of life
and property in key landslide areas.

World Bank (IDA

Grant $6.9m), Japan/

PHRD, GoKR

11,760,000

2004-2010

1, 2, 4

Regional Programs

Central Asia Regional Disaster Preparedness Programme, under the
5

DIPECHO Action Plan for Central Asia (July 08) to enable local

communities and institutions to better prepare for, mitigate and respond
adequately to natural disasters.

Directorate General

EC Humanitarian

Ofﬁce (DG ECHO)

7,325,000 for

all Central Asia);

2008-

(Cont.)

KYRGYZ REPUBLIC / 51

Existing Projects with Donors and International Financial

Institutions

Funding Agency

International

Partners

Allocated

Budget and

Period(US$)

HFA

Activity
Area(s)

Central Asia Regional Disaster Management Initiative, including (i)
disaster mitigation, preparedness and response; (ii) disaster ﬁnancing
and risk transfer; and (iii) hydromet modernization.

UNISDR, WMO,

CAREC/ADB, World

Bank, GFDRR,

bilaterals.

155,000

(GFDRR track

1) in 2008-

2009

4. GLOBAL FACILITY FOR DISASTER REDUCTION AND RECOVERY (GFDRR):

ACTION PLAN

As noted earlier, the Kyrgyz republic faces a variety of natural hazards

. Over the past few decades, these

hazards have caused extensive damage, and will continue to negatively impact the Kyrgyz Republic unless proactive

measures are taken to mitigate and prepare for these hazards. In particular, we recommend three areas where GFDRR

support can make a substantial difference:

Building upon GFDRR-funded country and regional studies (to be completed by June 2009),

(i)

modernize

Kyrgyzhydromet services under a regional framework

, to reduce the risks to human life and to the economy

as a result of weather and climate events;

Building upon WB-ﬁnanced DRM project (closing in 2010) and other donor activities, and to complement ongoing/

(ii)

planned SWAps in health and education sectors, strengthen overall capacity to prepare and respond to

disasters, with a focus on the mitigation of a potential major earthquake

in the capital Bishkek and/or

another large city; and

Support further assessment and studies to develop of a risk ﬁnancing framework for the Kyrgyz Republic, including a

(iii)

regional catastrophe insurance pool

that would beneﬁt the Kyrgyz Republic and other Central Asia countries.

Indicative Program for GFDRR Funding

(Projects and engagement areas being considered for GFDRR funding)

Potential Imple-
menting Agency

/ International

Partners

Indicative

Budget and

Period

(US$)

HFA

Activity

Area(s)

Component I: Hydromet Services Modernization

telecommunication system

extreme and hazardous weather events and to manage water resources:
(i) restoration and technical upgrading of the meteorological observational
network, (ii) resume temperature-wind atmosphere sounding, (iii) renew key
observation sites of the hydrological network, and equip operating posts
with the required additional instruments and devices, (iv) restore snow
avalanche observation network, (v) establish quality control of hydromet data
and products, (vi) strengthen IT base

staff training and professional upgrading

Govt. , WMO,

IFAS, Switzerland,
Germany, Finland,

UNISDR, World

Bank

7,500,000

2009-2012

1, 2, 3, 4, 5

(Cont.)

52 / DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS FOR PRIORITY COUNTRIES EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA

Component II: Capacity building for DRM and seismic risk
mitigation

implementation of the NERMP2

design of priority retroﬁtting and reconstruction of selected public facilities
(schools, hospitals), to prepare for future implementation under separate
donor/counterpart funding

Govt., CAREC/
ADB, UNISDR,

UNDP, JICA,

UNOCHA (for

regional center),

World Bank

1,500,000

2009-2011

1, 2, 5

Component III: Disaster risk ﬁnancing and transfer
Develop a risk ﬁnancing framework for the Kyrgyz Republic, including a
regional catastrophe insurance pool that would beneﬁt the Kyrgyz Republic
and other Central Asia countries

Govt., CAREC/

ADB, GFDRR,

World Bank

1,000,000

2009-2010

4, 5

Total Budget Requested:

US$ 10 million

*Calendar year.

1 GFDRR support through the NERMP would complement and help consolidate other donors’ support. A more precise scope of GFDRR sup-

port under this component would be discussed and agreed at an upcoming workshop coinciding with the formal approval of NERMP. GFDRR
support could include capacity building initiatives on all levels, national and decentralized in oblasts and communities and development of civil
society participation.

Expected Beneﬁts of GFDRR Support:

GFDRR support would provide the following systemic beneﬁts:

Consolidate and leverage donor support for greater impact,

beneﬁting from the catalytic role GFDRR can play

in bringing together key stakeholders

Mainstream disaster risk management within sector programs and projects

, such as the Health and Educa-

tion SWAps supported by several donors, the Bishkek/Osh urban project

Enable Kyrgyz Republic to beneﬁt more from activities carried out at the regional level, through its increased

participation in a regional hydromet center, regional DRR center, and a potential regional CAT insurance pool.

54 / DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS FOR PRIORITY COUNTRIES LATIN AMERICA & CARIBBEAN

HAITI

The Country DRM Note was prepared following consultations with members of the World Bank´s Haiti Country team and

the TTLs overseeing projects in Haiti, the ministry of Planning and External Cooperation, the Ministry of Interior (the Civil

Protection Directorate), the key ﬁnancial and technical partners (IADB, European Commission, UNDP, USAID, ACDI,

and AECID).

The priority action plan for DRM was discussed and cleared in May with all institutions and organizations mentioned

above. There is a strong interest and ownership of the plan from the Ministry of Planning and a signiﬁcant support from

ﬁnancial and technical partners to join resources and expertise to mainstream DRM into the development programs.

1. DISASTER RISK PROFILE

Haiti ranks as one of the countries with the highest exposure to multiple hazards, according to the World

Bank’s Natural Disaster Hotspot study

. Haiti lies in the middle of the Caribbean Basin and has the 5th

highest mortality risk to two or more hazards.

With 96% of its population living at risk, Haiti has the highest

vulnerability rating in terms of cyclones

among the region’s small island states (12.9 on a scale of 13)

. The effects of

cyclones include wind damage, ﬂooding, land/mudslides and coastal surges.

1  See World Bank, Natural Disaster Hotspots, A Global Risk Analysis (Washington, DC: Disaster Risk Management Series, 2005), table 1.2.
2  Includes tropical depression, storms and hurricanes.
3  Reducing Disaster Risk, a Challenge for Development, UNDP 2004
4  EM-DAT: OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium, online at: www.emdat.net
5  EM-DAT: OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium, online at: www.emdat.net

COUNTRIES AT RELATIVELY HIGH MORTALITY

RISK FROM MULTIPLE HAZARDS

(Top 35 Based on Population)

1. Bangladesh

2. Nepal

3. Dominican Republic

5. HAITI

6. Taiwan, China

8. El Salvador

9. Honduras

10. Guatemala

12. Costa Rica

13. Trinidad and Tobago

15. Antigua and Barbuda

16. Dominica

17. Nicaragua

19. Cuba

26. Ecuador

Population Affected by Disaster Type

Economic Damages by Disaster Type

1500000

1125000

750000

375000

Storm

Earthquake

Storm

62%

Drought

30%

Floods

HAITI / 55

Severe environmental degradation and the presence of settlements in low lying areas and ﬂoodplains are

key contributing factors towards the country’s vulnerability.

Further contributing factors include high levels of

poverty, weak public infrastructure, a history of ineffective governments and serious ﬁscal problems. In addition to the

hydrometeorological hazards, Haiti is also located in a seismically active zone, intersected by two fault lines. The country’s

high population density (up to 40,000 km

in Port-au-Prince) coupled with the large number of informal structures, and

weak public and private infrastructure, render the state and its population particularly vulnerable.

Severe environmental degradation and the presence of settlements in low lying areas and ﬂoodplains are

key contributing factors towards the country’s vulnerability.

Further contributing factors include high levels of

poverty, weak public infrastructure, a history of ineffective governments and serious ﬁscal problems. In addition to the

hydrometeorological hazards, Haiti is also located in a seismically active zone, intersected by two fault lines. The country’s

high population density (up to 40,000 km

in Port-au-Prince) coupled with the large number of informal structures and

weak public and private infrastructure render the state and its population particularly vulnerable.

Economic losses from adverse natural events are increasing in Haiti

. As more assets are created and

concentrated, losses from adverse natural events are increasing. This is demonstrated by the events of August and

September 2008, which Tropical Storm Fay and Hurricanes Gustav, Hannah and Ike

affected Haiti during a three week

period resulting in damage and losses equivalent to 15% of the country’s GDP. FGHI represented the largest evaluated

disaster in Haiti’s history.

The implications of climate change on the intensity and frequency of adverse natural events underscores

the importance of a proactive approach to disaster risk reduction (DRR).

According to the report of the Climate

Investment Fund’s Pilot Program for Climate Resilience Expert Group, Haiti is one of the 10 global climate change

hotspots. The inability or failure of a government to address its vulnerability and to support the mitigation of risk can

drastically undermine its natural rate of growth and overall poverty reduction efforts.

2. DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK

The National Disaster Risk Management System (NDRMS) in Haiti was signed into effect in 2001 by 10 key

line ministers and the President of the Haitian Red Cross

. The NDRMS has achieved signiﬁcant results in the

areas of disaster preparedness and response since its inception. While the 2004 hurricane season resulted in 5,000

casualties over 300,000 affected people, FGHI resulted in less than 800 casualties over 865,000 affected people.

Strong collaboration between the key members of the NDRMS and its technical and ﬁnancial partners (TFP

) was critical

to improving the speed and efﬁciency of the response.

While efforts to further strengthen the NDRMS’ preparation and response capacities continue, there is a

greater need to focus on protecting investments as well as livelihoods in order to transition from a ´living

at risk´ to ´living with risk´ approach.

Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) has been included as a key cross cutting

priority in the Government of Haiti’s Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP: 2008-2011) and as a principle pillar

of the United Nations Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF:2009-2011), as well as the World Bank’s Country

Assistance Strategy (CAS: 2009-2011). This demonstrates a growing consensus within the Government of Haiti and

amongst its TFP of the importance of integrating DRR as a critical component of a successful poverty reduction and

economic growth strategy.

6 Herein referred to as “FGHI”
7 Including International Financial Institutions (IFIs), bilateral donors, NGOs and the private sector

56 / DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS FOR PRIORITY COUNTRIES LATIN AMERICA & CARIBBEAN

Haiti’s hard won development gains are often jeopardized by adverse natural events.

To ensure a rapid and

effective transition from the emergency response phase to the rehabilitation and reconstruction phase, it is important

to account for the intermediary social and economic recovery needs. The recovery phase presents an opportunity to

begin integration DRR activities and sets the foundation for a successful rehabilitation and reconstruction process. This

process ensures DRR is mainstreamed not only in the post disaster plan but is also a core component of sustainable

poverty reduction and economic growth program.

3. KEY DONOR ENGAGEMENTS

Existing Projects with Donors and International

Financial Institutions

Funding Agency /

International Partners

Allocated

Budget and

Period

(US$)

HFA

Activity
Area(s)

Emergency Reconstruction and Disaster Management
Project

World Bank (IDA)

UNDP, European Commission

19.4 million

2005-2010

1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Risk Management Program

European Commission

7.8 million

2006-2009

1, 2, 3, 4

NDRMS Development Program

UNDP

World Bank

4 million

2009-2011

1, 2, 3, 5

National Early Warning System Program

IADB

UNDP

World Bank

6 million

2006-2010

2, 3, 5

Haiti Integrated Growth through Hurricane Emergency
Recovery

USAID

UNDP, IADB,

World Bank

96 million

2009-2011

1, 3, 5

Emergency Bridge Reconstruction and Vulnerability
Reduction Project

World Bank (IDA)

IADB, UNDP

20 million

2009-2012

1, 2, 4

Emergency School Reconstruction Project

World Bank (IDA)

Canadian International Development

Agency, IADB

5 million

2009-2013

1, 3, 4

Haiti Transportation and Territorial Development Project

World Bank, European Commission,

Agence Française de Développement,

IADB, Canadian International

Development Agency

16 million

2007-2012

Haiti Catastrophe Risk Insurance Project

World Bank (IDA)

Canadian International Development

Agency

9.4 million

2006-2010

Hurricane Noel Reconstruction Project

European Commission

3.9 million

2009-2011

4, 5

Technical Assistance to Support the Creation of the
DRR Unit at the Ministry of Planning and External
Cooperation (MPCE)

World Bank (GFDRR)

Ministry of Planning and External

Cooperation

500,000

2009-2010

1, 2, 4

HAITI / 57

4. GLOBAL FACILITY FOR DISASTER REDUCTION AND RECOVERY (GFDRR):

ACTION PLAN

Given Haiti’s risk proﬁle and its existing framework for disaster risk management, the key priority in Haiti

is to reduce the level of extreme vulnerability through a comprehensive disaster risk reduction approach

targeting all phases (recovery, reconstruction, prevention, and mitigation). Strategic actions are needed in

the following areas to enhance disaster risk management in Haiti: (i) strengthen institutional capacity for

strategic planning and coordination at central and local levels, (ii) mainstream DRR in speciﬁc sectors, and

(iii) develop a comprehensive risk assessment and monitoring capacity.

The following activities have been identiﬁed in consultation with local authorities and reﬂect HFA priority action areas.

These actions support Haiti’s disaster risk management program.

Indicative Program for GFDRR Funding

(Projects and engagement areas being considered for

GFDRR funding)

Implementing Agency /

International Partners

Indicative

Budget and

Period

(US$)

HFA

Activity
Area(s)

Technical Assistance to Strengthen Central Capacity
through DRR Unit within the Ministry of Economy and
Finance (MEF)

Ministry of Planning and External

Cooperation

400,000

2010-2011

1, 2, 4

Strengthening Sector Speciﬁc DRR Institutional
Capacities (Ministries of Agriculture, Public Work,
Social Affairs, Education, Environment)

Ministry of Planning and External

Cooperation, IADB, UN System

1.3 million

2010-2012

1, 2, 4

Development of local DRR expertise through pilot DRR
activities within priority sectors*

Ministry of Planning and External

Cooperation, UNDP, European

Commission, USAID

1.8 million

2010-2012

1, 2, 4

Building Risk Assessment and Monitoring Capacity*

Ministry of Planning and External

Cooperation, UNDP, IADB, USAID,

European Commission

1.1 million<