
September 29, 2009 Mw 8.0 Samoa Earthquake – Preliminary Tsunami Wave
Height Modeling Results
By Hong Kie Thio and Paul Somerville, URS, October 2, 2009 (updated Oct 7).
The September 29, 2009 earthquake was caused by normal (tensional) faulting of the
Pacific Plate in the outer rise, east of the subduction zone between the Pacific and Australian
plates, where the subducting plate bends as it starts to subduct (Figure 1). The earthquake
source parameters (from Jascha Polet, personal communication), are: Mw = 8.0, M
0
=
1.17x10
21
Nm; Strike = 138.7
0
, Dip = 40
0
, Rake = ‐90
0
, Fault length =125 km; Fault width =
40 km; Centroid depth = 15 km; and Average fault slip = 10 m.
Figure 1. Map of the plate boundary region between the Pacific and Australian plates,
showing the location and mechanism (J.Polet, pers. comm.) of the 29 September 2009
earthquake and the Samoan Islands.
These fault parameters were used to calculate the tsunami wave field throughout the
region. The maximum wave heights for the Samoan Islands are shown in Figures 2 through
7. The bottom part of Figure 8 shows a comparison between the tide gauge recording at
Pago Pago and Apia
with the tsunami waveform calculated using the earthquake source
model, showing good agreement. We are waiting for more data on measured tsunami wave
heights in the Samoan Islands to make a more extensive comparison between calculated
and recorded wave heights. Meanwhile, Figures 2 through 7 provide a guide for emergency
response and reconnaissance teams in the Samoan Islands.

Figure 8. Tide gauge recordings (red) and model simulations (black) at Pago Pago
(American Samoa), top, and Apia, Upolu Island, Samoa , bottom. The data have been low‐
pass filtered to remove the tidal component. The Apia data have been shifted in time by 4
minutes.

Technical details:
Tsunami modeled using nested staggered grid non‐linear finite difference algorithm.
Bathymetry merged from two data sets: SRTM30+ global digital elevation model and 1/3
arecsec (~10 m) grid of American Samoa from the NOAA Tsunami Inundation Gridding
Project.
Grid spacing:
Samoa: 8 arcsec (~250 m)
American Samoa: 1.6 arcsec (~50m)
W Tutuila and Pago Pago: .32 arcsec (~10m)
Source mechanism, centroid and moment information from Dr. Jascha Polet (Cal Poly
Pomona):
M
W
Lat
Lon
Dep
Str/Dip/Slip
8.0 -15.321 -172.104 15.0
(30.)
-30.2/50/-82