untitled

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT PLAN ALEIPATA ITUPA I LALO DISTRICT

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

Page ii

Participants in the Plan

The CIM Plan is a Partnership between the Government of Samoa and the villages within the Plan area. Both partners have responsibility for
different levels of infrastructure in the local communities and the Plan gives an integrated approach to the provision of services and improvement of
resilience now and in the future.

This Plan incorporates the Faipule District of Aleipata Itupa i Lalo.

The Committee for the Faipule District of Aleipata Itupa i Lalo, confirms the participation of the Villages in the preparation of this Coastal
Infrastructure Management Plan for Aleipata Itupa i Lalo District in partnership with the Government of Samoa and its adoption as a Management
Plan for the implementation of the Coastal Infrastructure Management Strategy.

Village Meetings:

Village Representatives:

Tiavea Village

18 Nov 2005

Amaile Village

8 Nov 2005

Samusu Village

9 Nov 2005

Utufaalalafa Villag

14 Nov 2005

Saleaaumua Village

16 Nov 2005

Lotopu’e Village

17 Nov 2005

Mutiatele and Malaela
Villages

10 Nov 2005

Satitoa Village

11 Nov 2005

The CIM Plan Committee representing all of the Villages in the area met on 18 November, 2005.
Comments on the draft CIM Plan were received from the Committee during September 2006.

Government Departments and Corporations:

Ministry of Natural Resources & Environment

Ministry of Works Transport and Infrastructure -
Planning and Urban Management Agency

Ministry of Women, Community and Social
Development (including Internal Affairs)

Ministry of Finance

The Planning and Urban Management Agency, as lead organization of Government,
on behalf of the participating Government Departments and Corporations, confirms
the participation of the Government of Samoa in the preparation of this Coastal
Infrastructure Management Plan and its adoption as a Management Plan for the
implementation of the Coastal Infrastructure Management Strategy.

Samoa Water Authority

Electric Power Corporation

Samoa Communications Ltd

Signed:

Samoa Land Corporation

Chief Executive Officer of MNRE

Date:

The Government of Samoa adopts the Coastal Infrastructure Management Plan for the Faipule District of Aleipata Itupa i Lalo as a Management
Plan for the implementation of the Coastal Infrastructure Management Strategy (CIMS).

Minister of Natural Resources & Environment

Signed:

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT PLAN ALEIPATA ITUPA I LALO DISTRICT

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

Page iii

Table of Contents

Introduction to the CIM Plan

Implementation Guidelines

Participants in the Plan

Description of Aleipata Itupa i Lalo District Environment

Aleipata Itupa i Lalo District Infrastructure

Tiavea Village Infrastructure

Amaile Village Infrastructure

Samusu Village Infrastructure

Utufaalalafa Village Infrastructure

Sale’a’aumua Village Infrastructure

Lotopu’e Village Infrastructure

Mutiatele and Malaela Village Infrastructure

Satitoa Village Infrastructure

G l o s s a r y

Coastal Hazard Zones –

Defined areas landward of the coast which are or are considered likely to be subject to the effects of hazards over a defined
assessment period. In this study, reference is made to four coastal hazard zones: ASCHs (areas sensitive to coastal hazards);
CEHZs (coastal erosion hazard zones); CFHZs (coastal flood hazard zones) and CLHZs (coastal landslip hazard zones).

“Do Minimum” option -

A Management option that involves continuing with the present maintenance and upgrading programme on an as and
when required basis.

Emergency Management

To provide communities with skills, facilities and materials so that they may adapt, respond and recover more quickly in the
event of emergencies.

Hazard -

A source of potential harm or a situation with a potential to cause loss.

Infrastructure –

Built structures and networks which support the national, regional or local community.

Lifeline infrastructure

Infrastructure that contributes directly to the survival of the community and its ability to respond and recover at the
time of extreme events.

Secondary infrastructure

Infrastructure that contributes to the every-day development of the community.

Implementation Guidelines – A document to guide land use and resource practices to achieve specified goals, objectives and policies and provide a

framework for the implementation of defences and works.

Issue –

A specific concern regarding both cause and effect.

Land and Resource Use –

The use of land and resources by the community for social, economic or other benefit (e.g. land use includes areas used for
villages or crops, resource use includes activities such as sand mining, gravel extraction or fishing).

Monitoring –

Process of measuring the effectiveness or impacts of projects and works against predicted standards, levels or outcomes.

Resilience -

The ability to be adaptive, responsive and quick to recover.

Community Resilience

–

The ability for the community to be adaptive, responsive and quick to recover from the adverse effects of hazard.

Natural Resilience

–

The ability of natural systems to be adaptive, responsive and quick to recover from coastal processes or hazards.

Risk –

The chance of something happening that will have an impact on objectives. It is measured in terms of consequence and
likelihood. In the Coastal Infrastructure Management Plan context it is the likelihood that infrastructure will be subject to
coastal hazards and the potential for loss of property, life or land due to natural processes.

Stakeholders -

Those people and organisations who may affect, be affected by, or perceive themselves to be affected by, a decision or
activity. The term stakeholder may also include interested parties.

Strategy –

Direction or course of action to achieve a defined vision.

Susceptibility -

The degree to which infrastructure at risk is likely to be damaged by coastal hazards and how easy/difficult,
expensive/cheap it is to replace. In the context of the CIM Plan the term susceptibility is equivalent to the term vulnerability
as the Samoan phrase for both susceptibility and vulnerability is the same.

Vision –

A desired destiny.

A c k n o w l e d g e m e n t

This plan reflects the partnership between each of the villages within the District and the Government of Samoa in the management of coastal infrastructure. Its preparation involved substantial
contributions from many people; in particular, the village representatives to the District Committee, the support from the Ministry of Women, Community and Social development and the Pulenu’u in
each village, without whom the plan would not have been completed.

In addition we also wish to recognise the significant contribution of the key government stakeholders, in particular:

Ministry of Works, Transportation and Infrastructure

Ministry of Natural Resources, Environment and Meteorology

Samoa Water Authority

Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries

Electric Power Corporation

Samoa Land Corporation

x Samoa

Telecommunications

On behalf of everyone involved, we extend our sincere thanks to each of these groups for enabling this plan to be
developed./

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT PLAN ALEIPATA ITUPA I LALO DISTRICT

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

Page iv

Introduction to the CIM Plan

T h e S t r a t e g i c V i s i o n

The District Coastal Infrastructure Management (CIM) Plan for Aleipata Itupa i Lalo District has been prepared as part of the Government of Samoa’s
Second Infrastructure Asset Management Programme (SIAM-2). The CIM Plan is one of the primary means of implementing the CIM Strategy, which
was formally approved by the Government of Samoa in February, 2001, as providing the Strategic direction for the management of public and
private infrastructure within the coastal area, taking into account both the natural environment and local land and resource use..

The Strategy has as its central vision “Resilience – Coastal Infrastructure and Communities Resilient to Natural Hazards”. The CIM Plan takes this
vision and provides the practical tools with which the communities and the government, in partnership, can implement the Strategy.

To be resilient is to be adaptive, responsive and quick to recover so that communities are environmentally, socially and economically sustainable.

(CIM Strategy, January 2001).

T h e A i m o f t h e C I M P l a n

The Aim of the CIM Plan is to help communities and government improve resilience by identifying actions and solutions. Not all the solutions may
be actioned immediately but the plan will ensure that issues and options are identified for the long-term improvement in resilience of both
infrastructure and communities.

The CIM Plan will:

1. Improve the community’s awareness of coastal hazard risks;
2. Enable the community and infrastructure providers to reduce coastal hazard risks in villages;
3. Enable the community and infrastructure providers to better adapt, respond and recover from cyclones and other emergency events.

S t r u c t u r e o f t h e P l a n

The CIM Plan consists of two parts each serving a separate and distinct purpose.

Plan Development, which describes the process undertaken in preparing the CIM Plan in conjunction with representatives of the Communities
involved, the Government and other stakeholders with interests in the Plan area.

Implementation Guidelines, which describes the Plans and Actions recommended as outcomes of the process, together with the partner
responsible for implementing these outcomes. The participants of the CIM Plan preparation process are acknowledged in the Implementation
Guidelines.

Implementation Guidelines

P u r p o s e o f t h e I m p l e m e n t a t i o n G u i d e l i n e s

The Implementation Guidelines describe the solutions proposed that will increase the resilience of the villages in the Plan area and the ways these
solutions can be implemented. The solutions are presented for each of the infrastructure items that have moderate to low resilience. Where one
solution will provide benefits to other items of infrastructure these “Other Benefits” are also noted. Implementation is considered to be the joint
responsibility of both the villages and the government in partnership. The government is responsible for the provision of national and district
“Public”, infrastructure, while villages are responsible for local and community infrastructure. The responsibility for implementing the proposed
actions is also defined. Solutions for both District infrastructure and Village infrastructure, and the responsibility of both partners, should be
considered together as they combine to provide for the integrated management of all coastal infrastructure.

The solutions for village infrastructure will usually be the responsibility of the Village and Families in the village to implement. Advice and resources
may be available from government to assist the village in implementing these solutions. In most situations these solutions will also provide benefits
to both village and district infrastructure and should be considered an integral part of managing coastal infrastructure at both levels.

D u r a t i o n o f t h e P l a n

The CIM Plan should be reviewed at five-yearly intervals. During the Plan period, the solutions implemented will be monitored to ensure that they
are effective in improving resilience. Some solutions are likely to take longer than five years to implement and the review will take the progress of
these into account. The plan will not lapse after 5 years if it is not reviewed. It will remain a guide for development for as long as both the villages
within the plan area and the Government agree with its contents.

The review of the Implementation Guidelines and the solutions proposed will be undertaken:

As part of the Five-yearly CIM Plan review programme.

Once implemented, the solutions will be monitored on either an annual or five-yearly basis to check the effectiveness of the solution. Detailed
implementation of the solution will determine the monitoring requirements and Key Performance Indicators.

Participants in the Plan

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT PLAN ALEIPATA ITUPA I LALO DISTRICT

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

Page 1

Description of Aleipata Itupa i Lalo District Environment

P h y s i c a l S e t t i n g

The Aleipata Itupa i Lalo District is located at the very eastern end of the island of Upolu. The northern section of the district coastline is rugged with
small sandy bays surrounded by steep hills. Where there are adjacent reefs, they are less than 200 metres off shore and are often interrupted by steep
volcanic headlands between the bays. Further south the coastline flattens out and several small rivers meander through mangrove swamps or
seasonal wetlands before entering the sea behind an extensive reef system lying from 500 to 2000 metres offshore.

There are eight villages within Aleipata Itupa i Lalo District: Tiavea, Amaile, Samusu, Utufa’alalafa, Sale’a’aumua, Lotopue, Malaela/Mutiatele and
Satitoa. Apart from Tiavea, which is located on the rugged north-eastern coastline, all other villages face the large lagoon and reef system to the east.
A wharf at Satitoa serves local fishing and tourism boats and provides access to Namua Island.

The Aleipata Itupa i Lalo coastal area has changed noticeably over the last several decades. In a number of places along the coast, in particular near
Utufa’alalafa, Lotopu’e and Satitoa, the coastline has receded up to 50 metres since 1954. Namua Island acts as a significant erosion buffer for the
villages in the south of the District, and parts of the coast are protected by low sea walls (revetments).

Local rivers act as fish nurseries providing fish stocks for the villages and are an important food source. Mutiatele and Malaela villages have
reclaimed a large part of the wetland surrounding them and reduced the natural flow of the nearby river. A recent upgrade of the main coastal road
included replacing the bridge at Lotopue with large culverts. This has blocked access to the sea for small boats and appears to have caused a
reduction in local fish stock.

Away from the coast, settlements, plantations, and agricultural activities dominate the area. On the steeper land, some taro plantations are affecting
land stability. Land-use practices, such as deforestation, cattle farming and agriculture are increasing both the rate of erosion and the supply of
sediment to the coast. Siltation of the wetlands and lagoon is occurring at Samusu, Sale’a’aumua and Malaela/Mutiatele.

S o c i a l S e t t i n g

The Aleipata Itupa i Lalo District has a population of 3492 persons according to the last census (2001). New developments in the district are mostly
occurring along the Main East Coast Road and along its inland extension, Richardson Road. Both sections of main road are considered important
parts of the district’s infrastructure.

The Main East Coast Road provides easy access to primary services such as local schools, shops and health facilities. It also provides access to the
wharf and tourist facilities in adjacent districts. Primary services such as water, power and telephone generally follow the Coast Road. Some coastal
villages, including Utufa’alalafa, get their water from a pipeline from Tiavea-Uta. Other villages rely on their own springs on or near the coast. Work
roads to village plantations extend inland several kilometres from the main road. From Richardson Road, work roads extend both north and south.
Work roads in the district are generally unsealed, and have no power or telephone services along them.

Of all the villages in the district, only Tiavea-tai is not accessed by a paved road. After storms Tiavea-tai can become inaccessible for long periods
causing local children to miss school (located in Tiavea-uta). In other areas, settlement along work roads has increased over the years as more families
move inland away from the coastline. A number of villagers have suggested that they would be willing to relocate inland if work roads were paved
and they had better access to power and water.

E c o n o m i c S e t t i n g

The cash economy of the District is dominated by traditional work. In all villages, the majority of residents are largely sustained by plantation work
and fishing. The District supports several primary schools and a District Secondary school as well as a number of churches. In addition, there are a
number of small shops and home occupations throughout the area. Sand mining and rock mining for developments and seawall projects are common
in the District. Most of the villages have bans in place since the establishment of the Marine Protected Areas (MPA). The CIM plan is seen as being
complementary to the outcomes of the Aleipata MPA project.

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT PLAN ALEIPATA ITUPA I LALO DISTRICT

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

Page 2

Aleipata Itupa i Lalo District Infrastructure

C I M P l a n S o l u t i o n s

Infrastructure

Best Solutions and Other Solutions Proposed

Other Benefits

Implementation Guidelines

Main East Coast
Road

x Over the long term, relocate East Coast Road

inland outside all coastal hazard areas, including
erosion hazard and flood hazard areas

Amaile to Satitoa
Approximate length of road 3,700m
Approximate cost

WST850,000m

Benefit cost ratio

2.4

Upgrade and extend seawalls at selected locations:
Seawall length 3,700m
Approximate cost

WST1.5m

Benefit cost ratio

0.42

Not Recommended

A’ufaga to Amaile:
Approximate length of road 15,500m
Approximate cost

WST3.5m

Benefit cost ratio

1.93

Best Solution

Responsibility: MWTI

x Improve stormwater drainage to reduce flooding

behind roads

Responsibility: MWTI

x Implement a regular drainage inspection

programme in the District and ensure that
maintenance is undertaken regularly.

Responsibility: MWTI

x Undertake a local education programme on the

importance of maintaining drains.

Responsibility: MWTI/Villages

x Prepare Environmental Impact

Assessment for relocated road.

x Provide for works in budget

programmes

x Prepare a local education programme
x Implement local rules on disposal of

solid and liquid waste

Access Road to
Tiavea-tai

x Upgrade access road to Tiavea-tai by resurfacing

and adding drainage systems to avoid closure in
heavy rains. (currently underway)

Responsibility: MWTI

x Improved rate of

recovery.

x Improved access

to elevated areas.

x Improved coastal

protection

x Safer village

houses and roads

x Improved

tourism potential

x Improved

sustainability of
natural resources

x Undertake regular inspections and

maintenance of road and drainage.

Electricity lines
in CEHZ and
CFHZ

x Provide underground electricity network
x Relocate electricity lines away from CEHZ and

CFHZ at reasonable distance from family houses

Responsibility: EPC

x Improved

safety and
resilience.

x Ensure regular maintenance of

electricity lines.

x Provide for works in budget

programmes

Telephone
network

x Continue to provide underground telephone

network

x Provision of upgraded telephone and cellular

network

Responsibility: SamoaTel

x Improved

resilience and
rate of recovery

x Provide for works in budget

programmes

Water supply in
CEHZ

x Relocate the main supply network outside the

coastal hazard zones

Responsibility: SWA

x Improved

resilience and
rate of recovery

x Provide for works in budget

programmes

Aleipata Wharf

x Continue to monitor the wharf and maintain

areas subject to damage.

Responsibility: SPA

x Improved

resilience and
rate of recovery

x Repair damage when it occurs

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT PLAN ALEIPATA ITUPA I LALO DISTRICT

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

Page 3

C I M P l a n S o l u t i o n s

F u r t h e r I s s u e s R a i s e d D u r i n g t h e C I M P l a n P r o c e s s

Infrastructure

Solutions/Issues

Comment

Main water supply

x The provision of a safe and

reliable domestic water
supply for the District.

x The provision of a reliable supply of water for domestic use is necessary for

the health and safety of the community. The existing water supply and
distribution networks are not at risk from coastal hazards and therefore the
issue lies outside the scope of this Coastal Infrastructure Management Plan.
Possible solutions may include upgrading the existing water supply and
distribution networks for the remaining villages of the district.

Seawalls

x Providing upgraded

seawalls along the Aleipata
Itupa i Lalo coastline has
been considered and is not
proposed as a solution

x The benefit cost ratio is 0.4 which means that renewing the seawalls to a 50-

year design standard gives a benefit cost ratio of about 0.4 (10% discount
rate), which means that it costs about 2.5 times more to build and maintain
the seawall than continuing with the present situation.

x The attraction of the district is in the maintenance of a natural shoreline that

the provision of seawalls would destroy.

x A better solution to protect the shoreline is to manage the sand supply and

planting along the coast in a more sustainable manner.

x In the long-term relocation of all village infrastructure along the coast

beyond the coastal hazard areas is a more sustainable solution.

Infrastructure

Best Solutions and Other Solutions Proposed

Other Benefits

Implementation Guidelines

Wetland,
lagoon and reef
system
protection

x Village and Government management of

commercial sand mining in the District.

x Identify alternative sustainable sources of sand

for commercial supply.

x Government and villages to manage reclamation

processes affecting inland wetlands as well as
along the coast.

x Initiate appropriate village replanting

programmes for coastal areas.

x Village and Government management of

clearing inland catchment areas close to rivers
and streams to reduce sedimentation of
estuaries, wetlands and the lagoon.

x Encourage riparian planting along streams.
x Replant mangrove trees in wetlands to reduce

coastal erosion and siltation of the inshore reef

x Village councils implement programmes to stop

the dumping of solid and liquid waste in the
drainage systems

x Reduce the reclamation of the wetlands
x Establish a wetland conservation area to protect

this important ecosystem

Implement the Aleipata Marine Protected Area
Management Plan

x Improve coral reef system protection such as

encourage coral gardening.

Responsibility: MNREM/Villages

x Improved

sustainability of
natural resources

x Improved rate of

recovery.

x Improved access

to elevated areas.

x Improved coastal

protection

x Safer village

houses and roads

x Improved

tourism potential

x Improved

biodiversity

x Improved health

x Village/Families to recognize the

role that vegetation plays in
stabilizing coastal areas.

x Coastal areas to be planted as soon

as possible with suitable species.

x MNREM to advise on appropriate

tree species and where possible,
provide seedlings.

x Village to share control with

Government over sand mining
activities.

x Obtain permits for reclamation

and other works in the coastal
area.

Emergency
Management

x Identify schools and churches outside of the

CEHZ and CFHZ as safe havens.

x Prepare a District Emergency Response Plan

identifying resources needed for the safe havens.

x Prepare signs in English and Samoan throughout

the District identifying actions in the event of
emergencies including a location map of nearest
emergency facilities and safe haven.

Responsibility: MNREM/District/Village

x Improves

preparedness of
District for
cyclones.

x Improves

resilience and
ability to
respond

x District response plan should

include procedure for who
prepares, maintains and opens the
safe haven as well as procedures
to notify villagers and visitors in
an emergency and to maintain and
replenish supplies.

x Identify location of facilities on

CIM Plan maps.

Tufutafoe

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT PLAN ALEIPATA ITUPA I LALO DISTRICT

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

Page 5

Village Concerns and Options

Tiavea Village Infrastructure

C I M P l a n S o l u t i o n s

Infrastructure

Best Solutions and Other Solutions
Proposed

Other Benefits

Implementation Guidelines

Village houses
and other
infrastructure in
CEHZ and CFHZ

x Where reclamations or other major coastal

works are proposed Government and
village to manage processes by requiring
villagers to get the appropriate permits
and consent.

Responsibility: MWTI/Village / Families
x Relocate outside or set back from CEHZ

and CFHZ when buildings require
replacement. Alternatively, ensure any
investment in structures located within the
hazard zones takes into account the
potential for damage from coastal erosion
and flooding.

Responsibility: Village / Families
Best Solution

x Consider building foundations at a level

that takes into account the CFHZ.

Responsibility: Families

x Continue planting vegetation in coastal

areas and protect plants from damage.

Responsibility: Village / Families

x More resilient to

natural hazards,

x Safer houses
x Better use of

economic
resources

x Family decision when building to

provide long-term protection from
flooding.

x Village / Family decision to relocate in

long term.

x Village/Families to recognize the role

that vegetation plays in stabilizing
coastal areas.

x Coastal areas to be planted as soon as

possible with suitable species.

x MNREM to advise on appropriate tree

species and where possible, provide
seedlings.

Scattered development
along main road

Upgrade
road to
Tiavea , as it
is poorly
drained and
needs paving

As opportunity
arises, relocate
homes and church
outside of the
erosion hazard area

Stabilize
road side
subject to
landslip

Scattered development
along main road

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT PLAN ALEIPATA ITUPA I LALO DISTRICT

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

Page 6

Amaile Village Infrastructure

C I M P l a n S o l u t i o n s

Infrastructure

Best Solutions and Other Solutions
Proposed

Other Benefits

Implementation Guidelines

Village pools in
CEHZ

x Improve the protection of the village pools

by raising the rock wall bordering the sea

Responsibility: MWTI / Village / Families

Best Solution

x Village to plan pool protection with

MWTI technical assistance

x Prepare Environmental Impact

Assessment

x Programme and budget works

River and beach

x To continue planting vegetation and stop

clearance around river mouth

x Continue the ban on rock and sand mining

from the beach for commercial use

Responsibility: Village / Families

x Better use of

economic
resources

x Improved

protection and
resilience.

x Improved

sustainability of
natural resources

x Village/Families to recognize the role

that vegetation plays in stabilizing
coastal areas.

x Coastal areas to be planted as soon as

possible with suitable species.

x MNREM to advise on appropriate tree

species and where possible, provide
seedlings.

Reef Break

wetland

Improve village
Springs and pool

Continue ban on
sand mining

Stop clearance
around river mouth

Village Concerns and Options

Amaile spring

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT PLAN ALEIPATA ITUPA I LALO DISTRICT

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

Page 7

Samusu Village Infrastructure

CIM Plan Solutions

Infrastructure

Best Solutions and Other Solutions
Proposed

Other Benefits

Implementation Guidelines

Village houses
and other
infrastructure in
CEHZ and CFHZ

x Where reclamations or other major coastal

works are proposed Government and
village to manage processes by requiring
villagers to get the appropriate permits
and consent.

Responsibility: MWTI/Village / Families

x Relocate outside or set back from CEHZ

Responsibility: Village / Families
Best Solution

x Consider building foundations at a level

that takes into account the CFHZ.

Responsibility: Families

x Continue planting vegetation in coastal

areas and protect plants from damage.

Responsibility: Village / Families

x Family decision when building to

provide long-term protection from
flooding.

x Village / Family decision to relocate in

long term.

x Village/Families to recognize the role

that vegetation plays in stabilizing
coastal areas.

x Coastal areas to be planted as soon as

possible with suitable species.

x MNREM to advise on appropriate tree

species and where possible, provide
seedlings.

Marine protection

x Implement the marine protected area

management plan

Responsibility: MNREM / Village

x Village to agree on protected area

Village pool

x Improve the protection of the village pools

by raising the rock wall bordering the sea

Responsibility: Village

x Safer houses
x Improved

biodiversity

x Better use of

economic
resources

x Improved

protection and
resilience.

x Improved

sustainability of
natural resources

x Village to plan pool protection with

MWTI technical assistance

x Prepare Environmental Impact

Assessment

x Programme and budget works

Amaile pool

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT PLAN ALEIPATA ITUPA I LALO DISTRICT

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

Page 9

Utufa’alalafa Village Infrastructure

C I M P l a n S o l u t i o n s

O t h e r S o l u t i o n s C o n s i d e r e d o r F u r t h e r I s s u e s R a i s e d

Infrastructure

Solutions/Issues

Comment

Main water
supply

x The provision of a safe and reliable

domestic water supply for the District.

x Water is a significant issue in the district and the provision of a

reliable supply of water for domestic use is necessary for the health
and safety of the community. The existing water supply and
distribution networks are not at risk from coastal hazards and
therefore the issue lies outside the scope of this Coastal
Infrastructure Management Plan.
Possible solutions may include upgrading the existing water supply
and distribution networks for the remaining villages of the district.

Infrastructure

Best Solutions and Other Solutions
Proposed

Other Benefits

Implementation Guidelines

All infrastructure
in the coastal
hazard areas

x Where reclamations or other major coastal

works are proposed Government and
village to manage processes by requiring
villagers to get the appropriate permits
and consent.

Responsibility: MWTI/Village / Families

x Relocate outside or set back from CEHZ

Responsibility: Village / Families
Best Solution

x Consider building foundations at a level

that takes into account the CFHZ.

Responsibility: Families

x Continue planting vegetation in coastal

areas and protect plants from damage.

Responsibility: Village / Families

x Upgrade village work roads
Responsibility: MWCSD / Village

x Village management of domestic

sandmining.

Responsibility: Village

x Identify a sustainable source for domestic

sand in the vicinity.

Responsibility: MWTI / Village

x Family decision when building to

provide long-term protection from
flooding.

x Village / Family decision to relocate in

long term.

x Village/Families to recognize the role

that vegetation plays in stabilizing
coastal areas.

x Coastal areas to be planted as soon as

possible with suitable species.

x MNREM to advise on appropriate tree

species and where possible, provide
seedlings.

x Prepare Environmental Impact

Assessment to upgrade work roads

x Programme and budget works
x Obtain permits for work in the coastal

area

Marine protection

x Implement the marine protected area

management plan

Responsibility: MNREM / Village

x Safer houses
x Improved

biodiversity

x Better use of

economic
resources

x Improved

protection and
resilience.

x Improved

sustainability of
natural resources

x Village to agree on protected area

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT PLAN ALEIPATA ITUPA I LALO DISTRICT

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

Page 11

Sale’a’aumua Village Infrastructure

C I M P l a n S o l u t i o n s

O t h e r S o l u t i o n s C o n s i d e r e d o r F u r t h e r I s s u e s R a i s e d

Infrastructure

Solutions/Issues

Reasons

Lagoon and reef
systems

x To break a hole in the reef to

enable easier passage of boats.

x The reef provides important protection for the beach and cliff face

from the open sea. To remove part of the reef would expose the
shoreline, affect tidal flows and sediment transport and would likely
increase rates of erosion in this area. It is considered that the
environmental costs are too great.

Infrastructure

Best Solutions and Other Solutions Proposed

Other Benefits

Implementation Guidelines

Village houses
and other
infrastructure in
CEHZ and
CFHZ

x Where reclamations or other major coastal

works are proposed Government and village to
manage processes by requiring villagers to get
the appropriate permits and consent.

Responsibility: MWTI/Village / Families
x Relocate outside or set back from CEHZ and

CFHZ when buildings require replacement.
Alternatively, ensure any investment in
structures located within the hazard zones
takes into account the potential for damage
from coastal erosion and flooding.

Responsibility: Village / Families
Best Solution
x Consider building foundations at a level that

takes into account the CFHZ.

Responsibility: Families
x Continue planting vegetation in coastal areas

and protect plants from damage.

Responsibility: Village / Families
x Upgrade access to Primary School and identify

school as a safe haven

Responsibility: MNREM / Village

x Family decision when building to

provide long-term protection from
flooding.

x Village / Family decision to relocate

in long term.

x Village/Families to recognize the role

that vegetation plays in stabilizing
coastal areas.

x Coastal areas to be planted as soon as

possible with suitable species.

x MNREM to advise on appropriate

tree species and where possible,
provide seedlings.

x Prepare plans for upgrade to school

access

x Programme and budget works
x Prepare emergency management

plans

x Erect signs for safe haven

Shoreline
protection

x Village management of domestic sandmining.
x Identify a sustainable source for domestic sand

in the vicinity.

x Stop disposing liquid and solid waste into the

waterways and shoreline

x Control the free roaming pigs from destroying

the ditches and waterways

Responsibility: MNREM / Village

x Obtain permits for work in the

coastal area

x Implement village rules on solid

waste disposal and keeping pigs

x Undertake investigation into

sustainable sand supply

Local electricity
distribution
network

x Local electricity lines and lights to be extended

along the access roads especially the school for
safety of children

Responsibility: EPC / Village

x Investigate extension of electricity

lines and street lights

x Programme and budget works

Local water
distribution
network

x Upgrade the existing village catchment area to

provide additional water to the main
distribution to ensure adequate water supply to
the rest of the village

Responsibility: SWA / Village

x Safer houses
x Improved

biodiversity

x Better use of

economic
resources

x Improved

protection and
resilience.

x Improved

sustainability of
natural resources

x Investigate extension of water

scheme

x Programme and budget works

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT PLAN ALEIPATA ITUPA I LALO DISTRICT

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

Page 13

Lotopu’e Village Infrastructure

C I M P l a n S o l u t i o n s

O t h e r S o l u t i o n s C o n s i d e r e d o r F u r t h e r I s s u e s R a i s e d

Infrastructure

Solutions/Issues

Reasons

Coastal access

x Upgrade coastal track.

x Upgrading the existing 4 wheel drive coastal track will facilitate

continued access to the beach, for purposes such as tourism, during most
weather. This will require works within the CEHZ and is therefore
considered as being against the purpose of the Coastal Infrastructure
Management Strategy. Parts of the road will, however be located
outside of the CEHZ. The issue is recorded for further consideration by
the village and the appropriate agencies

Infrastructure

Best Solutions and Other Solutions
Proposed

Other Benefits

Implementation Guidelines

Village houses
and other
infrastructure in
CEHZ and CFHZ

x Where reclamations or other major coastal

works are proposed Government and
village to manage processes by requiring
villagers to get the appropriate permits
and consent.

Responsibility: MWTI/Village / Families

x Relocate outside or set back from CEHZ

Responsibility: Village / Families
Best Solution

x Consider building foundations at a level

that takes into account the CFHZ.

Responsibility: Families

x Continue planting vegetation in coastal

areas and protect plants from damage.

Responsibility: Village / Families

x Upgrade village work roads
Responsibility: MWCSD / Village

x Village management of domestic

sandmining.

Responsibility: Village

x More resilient to

natural hazards,

x Safer houses
x Better use of

economic
resources

x Family decision when building to

provide long-term protection from
flooding.

x Village / Family decision to relocate in

long term.

x Village/Families to recognize the role

that vegetation plays in stabilizing
coastal areas.

x Coastal areas to be planted as soon as

possible with suitable species.

x MNREM to advise on appropriate tree

species and where possible, provide
seedlings.

x Prepare Environmental Impact

Assessment to upgrade work roads

x Programme and budget works
x Obtain permits for work in the coastal

area

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT PLAN ALEIPATA ITUPA I LALO DISTRICT

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

Page 15

Mutiatele and Malaela Village Infrastructure

C I M P l a n S o l u t i o n s

O t h e r S o l u t i o n s C o n s i d e r e d o r F u r t h e r I s s u e s R a i s e d

Infrastructure

Solutions/Issues

Comment

Water catchment
and water
supply

x Collaborate with Satitoa to protect the

water catchment area as an alternative
source of water for the village

x Join the SWA rural water reticulation

programme to ensure reliable water
supply.

x The existing water supply for the village is insufficient for family

needs through rationed water supply, especially with the wetlands
and being amongst the rainiest parts of Samoa.

Infrastructure

Best Solutions and Other Solutions Proposed

Other Benefits

Implementation Guidelines

Village houses in
the CFHZ and
CEHZ

x Where reclamations or other major coastal

works are proposed Government and village
to manage processes by requiring villagers to
get the appropriate permits and consent.

Responsibility: MWTI/Village / Families
x Relocate outside or set back from CEHZ and

Responsibility: Village / Families
Best Solution
x Consider building foundations at a level that

takes into account the CFHZ.

Responsibility: Families

x Continue planting vegetation in coastal areas

and protect plants from damage.

Responsibility: Village / Families

x Upgrade village work roads
Responsibility: MWCSD / Village

x Establish Primary School as a safe haven
Responsibility: MNREMVillage

x Village management of domestic sandmining.
Responsibility: Village

x Identify a sustainable source for domestic

sand in the vicinity.

Responsibility: MNREM / Village

x Family decision when building to

provide long-term protection from
flooding.

x Village / Family decision to relocate in

long term.

x Village/Families to recognize the role

that vegetation plays in stabilizing
coastal areas.

x Coastal areas to be planted as soon as

possible with suitable species.

x MNREM to advise on appropriate tree

species and where possible, provide
seedlings.

x Prepare Environmental Impact

Assessment to upgrade work roads

x Programme and budget works
x Obtain permits for work in the coastal

area

x Prepare emergency management plans
x Erect signs for safe haven

Wetland and
mangrove forest

x Stop disposing solid waste into the wetlands
Responsibility: MNREM / Village

x Establish wetland conservation programme
x Conduct clean up of invasive vines clogging

up the waterways

Responsibility: MNREM / Village

x Implement village rules on solid waste

disposal

x Prepare programme to clean up

wetland area

x Prepare wetland conservation

programme

x Prepare programme and budget

Marine protection

x Implement the marine protected area

management plan

Responsibility: MNREM / Village

x Safer houses
x Better use of

economic
resources

x Improved

tourism
opportunities

x Healthy

environment

x Improved

biodiversity

x Improved

protection and
resilience.

x Improved

sustainability
of natural
resources

x Village to agree on protected area

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT PLAN ALEIPATA ITUPA I LALO DISTRICT

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

Page 17

10 Satitoa Village Infrastructure

C I M P l a n S o l u t i o n s

Other Solutions Considered or Further Issues Raised

Infrastructure

Solutions/Issues

Comment

Water catchment
and water supply

x Collaborate with Malaela to protect the

water catchment area as an alternative
source of water for the village

x Join the SWA rural water reticulation

programme to ensure reliable water
supply.

x The existing water supply for the village is insufficient for family

needs through rationed water supply, especially with the
wetlands and being amongst the rainiest parts of Samoa.

Infrastructure

Best Solutions and Other Solutions
Proposed

Other Benefits

Implementation Guidelines

Village houses
and other
infrastructure in
CEHZ and CFHZ

x Where reclamations or other major coastal

works are proposed Government and
village to manage processes by requiring
villagers to get the appropriate permits
and consent.

Responsibility: MWTI/Village / Families
x Relocate outside or set back from CEHZ

Responsibility: Village / Families
Best Solution
x Continue planting vegetation in coastal

areas and protect plants from damage.

Responsibility: Village / Families

x Consider building foundations at a level

that takes into account the CFHZ.

Responsibility: Families

x More resilient to

natural hazards,

x Safer houses
x Better use of

economic
resources

x Family decision when building to

provide long-term protection from
flooding.

x Village / Family decision to relocate in

long term or build new houses on
landward side of the access road.

x Village/Families to recognize the role

that vegetation plays in stabilizing
coastal areas.

x Coastal areas to be planted as soon as

possible with suitable species.

x MNREM to advise on appropriate tree

species and where possible, provide
seedlings.

x Obtain permits for work in the coastal

area

Marine protection

x Implement the marine protected area

management plan

Responsibility: MNREM / Village

x Village to agree on protected area

Wetland and
mangrove forest

x Stop disposing solid waste into the

wetlands

Responsibility: MNREM / Village

x Establish wetland conservation

programme

x Conduct clean up of invasive vines

clogging up the waterways

x Responsibility: MNREM / Village

x Safer houses.
x Improved

tourism
opportunities

x Healthy

environment

x Improved

biodiversity

x Better use of

economic
resources

x Improved

protection and
resilience.

x Improved

sustainability of
natural resources

x Implement village rules on solid waste

disposal

x Prepare programme to clean up

wetland area

x Prepare wetland conservation

programme

x Prepare programme and budget