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COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT PLAN SALEGA DISTRICT

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

Table of Contents

Introduction to the CIM Plan

Implementation Guidelines

Participants in the Plan

Salega District Infrastructure

Fagafau Village Infrastructure

Samata Village Infrastructure

Fogatuli Village Infrastructure

Fai’a’ai Village Infrastructure

Vaipua Village Infrastructure

Fogasavaii Village Infrastructure

Sagone Village Infrastructure

G l o s s a r y

Coastal Hazard Zones

–

Defined areas landward of the coast which are or are considered likely to be subject to the effects of hazards
over a defined assessment period. In this study, reference is made to four coastal hazard zones: ASCHs (areas
sensitive to coastal hazards); CEHZs (coastal erosion hazard zones); CFHZs (coastal flood hazard zones) and
CLHZs (coastal landslip hazard zones).

“Do Minimum” option -

A Management option that involves continuing with the present maintenance and upgrading programme on
an as and when required basis.

Hazard -

A source of potential harm or a situation with a potential to cause loss.

Infrastructure

–

Built structures and networks which support the national, regional or local community.

Lifeline infrastructure

Infrastructure that contributes directly to the survival of the community and its ability to respond and
recover at the time of extreme events.

Secondary infrastructure

Infrastructure that contributes to the every-day development of the community.

Implementation Guidelines

– A document to guide land use and resource practices to achieve specified goals, objectives and policies and

provide a framework for the implementation of defences and works.

Issue

–

A specific concern regarding both cause and effect.

Land and Resource Use

–

The use of land and resources by the community for social, economic or other benefit (e.g. land use includes
areas used for villages or crops, resource use includes activities such as sand mining, gravel extraction or
fishing).

Monitoring

–

Process of measuring the effectiveness or impacts of projects and works against predicted standards, levels or
outcomes.

Resilience

The ability to be adaptive, responsive and quick to recover.

Community Resilience

–

The ability for the community to be adaptive, responsive and quick to recover from the adverse effects
of hazard.

Natural Resilience

–

The ability of natural systems to be adaptive, responsive and quick to recover from coastal processes
or hazards.

Risk

–

The chance of something happening that will have an impact on objectives. It is measured in terms of
consequence and likelihood. In the Coastal Infrastructure Management Plan context it is the likelihood that
infrastructure will be subject to coastal hazards and the potential for loss of property, life or land due to
natural processes.

Stakeholders -

Those people and organisations who may affect, be affected by, or perceive themselves to be affected by, a
decision or activity. The term stakeholder may also include interested parties.

Strategy

–

Direction or course of action to achieve a defined vision.

Susceptibility

The degree to which infrastructure at risk is likely to be damaged by coastal hazards and how easy/difficult,
expensive/cheap it is to replace. In the context of the CIM Plan the term susceptibility is equivalent to the
term vulnerability as the Samoan phrase for both susceptibility and vulnerability is the same.

Vision

–

A desired destiny.

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT PLAN SALEGA DISTRICT

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

Page i

Introduction to the CIM Plan

T h e S t r a t e g i c V i s i o n

The District Coastal Infrastructure Management (CIM) Plan for Salega District has been prepared as part of the Government of Samoa’s
Infrastructure Asset Management Programme (IAMP). The CIM Plan is one of the primary means of implementing the CIM Strategy, which
was formally approved by the Government of Samoa in February, 2001, as providing the Strategic direction for the management of
infrastructure (both public and private) within the coastal area.

The Strategy has as its central vision “Resilience – Coastal Infrastructure and Communities Resilient to Natural Hazards”. The CIM Plan
takes this vision and provides the practical tools with which the communities and the government, in partnership, can implement the
Strategy.

To be resilient is to be adaptive, responsive and quick to recover so that communities are environmentally, socially and economically

sustainable.

(CIM Strategy, January 2001).

T h e A i m o f t h e C I M P l a n

The Aim of the CIM Plan is to help communities and government improve resilience by identifying actions and solutions. Not all the
solutions may be actioned immediately but the plan will ensure that issues and options are identified for the long-term improvement in
resilience of both infrastructure and communities.

The CIM Plan will:

1. Improve the community’s awareness of coastal hazard risks;

2. Enable the community and infrastructure providers to reduce coastal hazard risks in villages;

3. Enable the community and infrastructure providers to better adapt, respond and recover from cyclones.

S t r u c t u r e o f t h e P l a n

The CIM Plan consists of two parts each serving a separate and distinct purpose.

•

Plan Development

, which describes the process undertaken in preparing the CIM Plan in conjunction with representatives of the

Communities involved and the Government and other stakeholders with interests in the Plan area.

•

Implementation Guidelines

, which describes the Plans and Actions recommended as outcomes of the process, together with the partner

responsible for implementing these outcomes. The participants of the CIM Plan preparation process are acknowledged in the
Implementation Guidelines

Implementation Guidelines

P u r p o s e o f t h e I m p l e m e n t a t i o n G u i d e l i n e s

The Implementation Guidelines describe the solutions proposed that will increase the resilience of the villages in the Plan area and the ways
these solutions can be implemented. The solutions are presented for each of the infrastructure items that have moderate to low resilience.
Where one solution will provide benefits to other items of infrastructure these “Other Benefits” are also noted. Implementation is
considered to be the joint responsibility of both the villages and the government in partnership. The government is responsible for the
provision of national and district “Public”, infrastructure, while villages are responsible for local and community infrastructure. The
responsibility for implementing the proposed actions is also defined. Solutions for both District infrastructure and Village infrastructure,
and the responsibility of both partners, should be considered together as they combine to provide for the integrated management of all
coastal infrastructure.

The solutions for village infrastructure will usually be the responsibility of the Village and Families in the village to implement. Advice and
resources may be available from government to assist the village in implementing these solutions. In most situations these solutions will also
provide benefits to both village and district infrastructure and should be considered an integral part of managing coastal infrastructure at
both levels.

D u r a t i o n o f t h e P l a n

The CIM Plan should be reviewed at five-yearly intervals. During the Plan period, the solutions implemented will be monitored to ensure
that they are effective in improving resilience. Some solutions are likely to take longer than five years to implement and the review will take
the progress of these into account.

The review of the Implementation Guidelines and the solutions proposed will be undertaken:

As part of the Five-yearly CIM Plan review programme.

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT PLAN SALEGA DISTRICT

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

Page ii

Once implemented, the solutions will be monitored on either an annual or five-yearly basis to check the effectiveness of the solution.
Detailed implementation of the solution will determine the monitoring requirements and Key Performance Indicators.

Participants in the Plan

The CIM Plan is a Partnership between the Government of Samoa and the villages within the Plan area. Both partners have responsibility
for different levels of infrastructure in the local communities and the Plan gives an integrated approach to the provision of services and
improvement of resilience now and in the future.

This Plan incorporates the Faipule District of Salega.

The Committee for the Faipule District of Salega, confirms the participation of the Villages in the preparation of this Coastal Infrastructure
Management Plan for Salega District in partnership with the Government of Samoa and its adoption as a Management Plan for the
implementation of the Coastal Infrastructure Management Strategy.

Village Meetings:

Village Representatives:

•

Samata

19 March 2002

•

Fagafau

20 March 2002

•

Fogatuli

20 March 2002

•

Sagone

21 March 2002

•

Fai’a’ai

22 March 2002

•

Vaipua

25 March 2002

•

Fogasavaii

26 March 2002

The CIM Plan Committee representing all of the Villages in the area met on 27 March 2002.
Comments on the draft CIM Plan were received from the Committee on 7 June 2002.

Government Departments and Corporations:

•

Department of Lands, Survey and Environment

•

Ministry of Internal Affairs

•

Treasury Department

•

Ministry of Works

The Department of Lands, Survey and Environment, as lead Department of
Government, on behalf of the participating Government Departments and
Corporations, confirms the participation of the Government of Samoa in the
preparation of this Coastal Infrastructure Management Plan and its adoption as a
Management Plan for the implementation of the Coastal Infrastructure
Management Strategy.

•

Samoa Water Authority

•

Electric Power Corporation

Signed:

•

Samoa Communications Ltd

Director of Lands Survey and Environment

•

Samoa Land Corporation

Date:

The Government of Samoa adopts the Coastal Infrastructure Management Plan for the Faipule District of Salega as a Management Plan
for the implementation of the Coastal Infrastructure Management Strategy (CIMS).

Signed:

Minister of Lands, Survey and Environment, Government of Samoa

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT PLAN SALEGA DISTRICT

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

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1 Salega District Infrastructure

Infrastructure

Best Solutions and Other Solutions Proposed

Other Benefits Implementation Guidelines

•

Construct a replacement road from Fagafau to Samata
which bypasses areas of active landslip along this
stretch of road.
Immediate action required to ensure “lifeline” access
is maintained

Responsibility: Ministry of Works

•

Identify funding/budget requirements and implementation
programme for construction and development.

•

Undertake detailed feasibility study in accordance with
CIM Strategy Evaluation Model Step 6.

•

Select final alignment in consultation with villages.

•

Prepare Environmental Impact Assessment.

Main South Coast
Road

•

To implement a regular drainage inspection programme
in the District and to ensure that maintenance is
undertaken regularly.

•

To undertake a local education programme on the
importance of maintaining drains.

•

To ensure that the existing drains and culverts are large
enough, and in the right place, to clear flood waters
quickly and keep flood waters away from cliff faces.

•

Provide new culverts and drains where required to
improve the overland flow of stormwater and reduce
flooding behind the road.

•

To upgrade cross-section, surface and drainage of
inland work roads at their intersection with the Main
South Coast Road.

Responsibility: Ministry of Works

•

Water

•

Electricity

•

Telephone

•

Village
houses

•

Undertake inspection of culverts along the Main South
Coast Road.

•

Identify areas of flooding along Main South Coast Road
and arrange programme for remedying problem including
upgrading culverts and clearing/maintaining roadside
drains.

•

Ensure that drainage is directed away from cliff faces to
minimise the risk of further landslips.

•

Implement education programme on importance of
maintaining roadside drains.

Electricity and
telephone lines in
CLHZ

•

Provision of underground electricity and telephone
lines.

•

Avoid co-location of telephone and electricity lines on
the same poles.

Responsibility: Samoa Communications Ltd/ Electric
Power Corporation

•

Include provision for underground electricity and
telephone lines where practical and feasible in future
programmes.

•

Co-ordinate distribution networks to avoid overloading
poles and contributing to line failure.

•

Provide an upgraded mobile telephone network

Responsibility: Samoa Communications Ltd

•

Village

•

Include provision for expansion of mobile telephone
network in future programmes.

All infrastructure
including the
lagoon and reef
systems.

•

Identify alternative sustainable sources of sand for
commercial supply.

•

Government to manage commercial sandmining in the
District.

Responsibility: Department of Lands, Survey and
Environment/Villages

•

District

•

Identify specific sites for near shore sustainable sand
mining to meet commercial demand without depleting
coastal resources.

•

Prepare Environmental Impact Assessments for identified
sites.

•

Government to determine commercial sandmining permit
applications only after full consideration of the EIA
presented and the actual and potential effects on the
location and adjacent land and villages.

Note: Refer to Maps to see proposed alignments and locations of intervention solutions.

F u r t h e r I s s u e s R a i s e d D u r i n g t h e C I M P l a n P r o c e s s

The following issue has been raised in consultation but falls outside the scope of the CIM Plan as it relates to infrastructure that is not at risk
from coastal hazards. The issue is recorded for further investigation by the responsible agencies so that they may programme a suitable
response as part of their Annual Plan and budget processes.

Issue

Responsibility

Comment

The provision of a
reliable water supply

Samoa Water Authority

Water is a significant issue in the district and the provision of a reliable supply of water for
domestic use is necessary for the health and safety of the community. The existing water supply
and distribution networks are not at risk from coastal hazards and therefore the issue lies outside
the scope of this Coastal Infrastructure Management Plan.
Possible solutions may include upgrading the existing water supply and distribution networks or
the provision of roof water collection tanks to provide for domestic supply.
The issue is recorded as an item for further investigation by the villages and the appropriate
agencies.

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT PLAN SALEGA DISTRICT

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

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Identify suitable
alternative sources of
sand

Provide an upgraded
mobile phone network

Provision of underground
electricity and telephone lines

Fagafau

Main South
Coast Road

Salega District

CLHZ

Implement regular drainage inspections
and undertake maintance along Main
South Coast Road

Provide new culverts and drains
where required along Main South
Coast Road

Undertake education
campaign on the importance
of maintaining drains.

ASCH

To ensure that the existing
drains and culverts are large
enough, and in the right
place, to clear flood waters
quickly and keep water from
landslip areas.

Upgrade cross-section, surface
and drainage of inland work
roads at their intersection with
the Main South Coast Road

Investige alternative
road alignment

Avoid co-location of
telephone and electricity
lines on the same poles.

KEY

CEHZ

Coastal Erosion Hazard Zone

CFHZ

Coastal Flood Hazard Zone

CLHZ

Coastlal Landslip Hazard Zone

ASCH

Areas Sensitive to Coastal Hazards

Roads and Tracks

Possible Future Road Alignment

Settlement

Building

Possible Solutions
Salega District
(North)

CLHZ

Scale
(km)

Samata

Fogatuli

Government to manage
commercial sandmining

CEHZ

ASCH

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT PLAN SALEGA DISTRICT

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

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Identify suitable
alternative sources of
sand

Provide an upgraded
mobile phone network

Provision of underground
electricity and telephone lines

Main South
Coast Road

Salega District

CLHZ

Implement regular drainage inspections
and undertake maintance along Main
South Coast Road

Provide new culverts and drains
where required along Main South
Coast Road

Undertake education
campaign on the importance
of maintaining drains.

ASCH

To ensure that the existing
drains and culverts are large
enough, and in the right
place, to clear flood waters
quickly.

Upgrade cross-section, surface
and drainage of inland work
roads at their intersection with
the Main South Coast Road

Avoid co-location of
telephone and electricity
lines on the same poles.

KEY

CEHZ

Coastal Erosion Hazard Zone

CFHZ

Coastal Flood Hazard Zone

CLHZ

Coastlal Landslip Hazard Zone

ASCH

Areas Sensitive to Coastal Hazards

Roads and Tracks

Possible Future Road Alignment

Settlement

Building

Possible Solutions
Salega District
(South)

CLHZ

Scale (km)

Fagatuli

Fai’a’ai

Vaipua

Government to manage
commercial sandmining

Sagone

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT PLAN SALEGA DISTRICT

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2 Fagafau Village Infrastructure

Infrastructure

Best Solutions and Other Solutions Proposed

Other
Benefits

Implementation Guidelines

•

To relocate outside CLHZ when buildings require replacement

Best long-term solution

•

To ensure investment within the hazard zones is considered
in relation to the potential for damage from landslips.

Responsibility: Village/Families

•

Family decision when building to provide
long-term protection from coastal hazards.

•

Village/Family decision to take into account
CLHZ when building new houses.

•

Identify a new sustainable source for domestic sand in the
vicinity.

Responsibility: DLSE

•

Identify specific sites for near shore
sustainable sand mining to meet demand
without depleting coastal resources.

•

Prepare Environmental Impact Assessments
for identified sites.

•

Undertake consultation with villages

affected by the proposed sand mining.

•

To continue planting vegetation in coastal areas and to protect
plants from damage.

Responsibility: Village/Families

Natural
environment

•

Village/Families to recognise the role that
vegetation plays in stabilising coastal areas.

•

Areas of accretion to be planted as soon as
practicable with suitable coastal species.

•

To obtain expert advice from MAFF Forestry
Division when considering planting on or
near cliff faces.

Village
infrastructure in
CLHZ

•

To prevent the dumping of rubbish in the village by
wholesalers.

Responsibility: Village/Families

Natural
environment

•

Village to monitor the dumping of rubbish and
seek prosecution against those who dump
rubbish.

Main South Coast
Road within CLHZ

•

Refer Section 1

NOTE: Refer to District Infrastructure for solutions related to the Main South Coast Road and drainage.

Main South
Coast Road

Lagoon

Main South Coast
Road

CLHZ

Coastal Cliffs

CLHZ

Prosecution of
rubbish

Landslips

Fagafau

KEY

CEHZ

Coastal Erosion Hazard Zone

CFHZ

Coastal Flood Hazard Zone

CLHZ

Coastlal Landslip Hazard Zone

ASCH

Areas Sensitive to Coastal Hazards

Roads and Tracks

Settlement

Building

Church

Scale (km)

To continue planting vegetation
in coastal areas and to protect
plants from damage.

Possible Solutions
Fagafau Village

Scale

To ensure investment within the
hazard zones is considered in
relation to the potential for damage
from coastal erosion, landslip and

To relocate outside CLHZ when
buildings require replacement or to
ensure investment within the hazard
zones is considered in relation to the

potential for damage from landslips

Identify a sustainable
source of sand in the
vicinity.

Village management of
domestic sand-mining.

ASCH

Lovers leap fale

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT PLAN SALEGA DISTRICT

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

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3 Samata Village Infrastructure

Infrastructure

Best Solutions and Other Solutions Proposed

Other Benefits Implementation Guidelines

•

Identify a new sustainable source for domestic sand in the
vicinity.

Responsibility: DLSE

•

Identify specific sites for near shore sustainable
sand mining to meet demand without depleting
coastal resources.

•

Prepare Environmental Impact Assessments for
identified sites.

•

Undertake consultation with villages affected by
the proposed sand mining.

•

To relocate outside CLHZ when buildings require
replacement.

Best long-term solution

•

To ensure investment within the hazard zones is
considered in relation to the potential for damage from
coastal erosion

Responsibility: Village/Families

•

Family decision when building to provide long-
term protection from landslips.

•

Village/Family decision to relocate in the long-term
or when building new houses.

Village houses in
CLHZ

•

To continue planting vegetation in coastal areas and to
protect plants from damage.

Responsibility: Village/Families

•

Village/Families to recognise the role that
vegetation plays in stabilising coastal areas.

•

Areas of accretion to be planted as soon as
practicable with suitable coastal species.

•

To obtain expert advice from MAFF Forestry
Division when considering planting on or near cliff
faces.

•

To undertake maintenance along road edge

Responsibility: Village/Families

•

Village/Family to accept responsibility for
maintaining roadside

Main South Coast
Road within CLHZ

•

Refer section 1.

Possible Solutions
Samata Village

Lagoon

Main South
Coast Road

CFHZ

To provide for an inland
road outside the Hazard
Zones to facilitate future
relocation.

To relocate outside the hazard zones or to
ensure investment in the hazard zones is
considered in relation to the potential
damage.

Village management of
domestic sand-mining.

Identify a sustainable source
for domestic sand in the
vicinity.

To continue planting
vegetation in coastal areas
and to protect plants from
damage.

To undertake
maintenance along road
edge

Rocky coast

CLHZ

Landslips

Absence of
sand

Flooding

Inland flooding
and siltation

Main South
Coast Road

Samata i tai

Coastal
access track

Samata i uta

P.S.

Water
Spring

KEY

CEHZ

Coastal Erosion Hazard Zone

CFHZ

Coastal Flood Hazard Zone

CLHZ

Coastlal Landslip Hazard Zone

ASCH

Areas Sensitive to Coastal Hazards

Roads and Tracks

Settlement

Building

Church

School

Women’s Committee House

P.S

Pre School

Scale (km)

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT PLAN SALEGA DISTRICT

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4 Fogatuli Village Infrastructure

Infrastructure

Best Solutions and Other Solutions Proposed

Other Benefits Implementation Guidelines

•

Village management of domestic sand mining

Responsibility: Village/DLSE

•

Village to share with government control over sand
mining activities.

•

Identify a new sustainable source for domestic sand in the
vicinity.

Responsibility: DLSE

•

Identify specific sites for near shore sustainable
sand mining to meet demand without depleting
coastal resources.

•

Prepare Environmental Impact Assessments for
identified sites.

•

Undertake consultation with villages affected by
the proposed sand mining.

•

To relocate outside CLHZ when buildings require
replacement

Best long-term solution

•

To ensure investment within the hazard zones is
considered in relation to the potential for damage from
coastal erosion

Responsibility: Village/Families

•

Family decision when building to provide long-
term protection from landslips.

•

Village/Family decision to relocate in the long-term
or when building new houses.

Village houses in
CLHZ

•

To continue planting vegetation in coastal areas and to
protect plants from damage.

Responsibility: Village/Families

•

Village/Families to recognise the role that
vegetation plays in stabilising coastal areas.

•

Areas of accretion to be planted as soon as
practicable with suitable coastal species.

•

To establish a marine protected area

Responsibility: Village/Families/MAF Fisheries

•

Village to approach MAFF with proposed extent of
Marine Protected Area and management approach.

•

Protection to maintain the continued health of the
reef ecosystem.

All infrastructure

•

To undertake maintenance along road edge

Responsibility: Village/Families

•

Village/Family to accept responsibility for
maintaining roadside

NOTE: Consideration has also been given to the improvement of coastal access tracks. Any decision to upgrade coastal access tracks must
be made by the village. Upgrading the coastal track would also need to take into account the possible negative impacts of construction and
the likely increase in sandmining that will be associated with such a development and the negative effect of such sandmining. Design advice
should be sought before any works proceed in order to ensure that negative impacts on the environment are appropriately managed and
recognise the potential for landslip damage.

Possible Solutions
Fogatuli Village

To relocate outside the hazard zones or to
ensure investment in the hazard zones is
considered in relation to the potential damage

Village management of
domestic sand-mining.

Identify a sustainable source
for domestic sand in the
vicinity.

To continue planting
vegetation in coastal areas
and to protect plants from

To undertake
maintenance along road
edge

CLHZ

Lagoon

CLHZ

Spring

Main South
Coast Road

Main South Coast Road

Reef

CLHZ

Spring

Fogatuli

Work Road

Landslips

Cemetary

KEY

CEHZ

Coastal Erosion Hazard Zone

CFHZ

Coastal Flood Hazard Zone

CLHZ

Coastlal Landslip Hazard Zone

Roads and Tracks

Settlement

Building

Church

Access Path

Scale (km)

Establish Marine
Protected Area to
maintain the health of the
reef and lagoon systems

0.5

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT PLAN SALEGA DISTRICT

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5 Fai’a’ai Village Infrastructure

Infrastructure

Best Solutions and Other Solutions Proposed

Other Benefits Implementation Guidelines

•

Village management of domestic sand mining

Responsibility: Village/DLSE

•

Village to share with government control over sand
mining activities.

•

Identify a new sustainable source for domestic sand in the
vicinity.

Responsibility: DLSE

•

Identify specific sites for near shore sustainable
sand mining to meet demand without depleting
coastal resources.

•

Prepare Environmental Impact Assessments for
identified sites.

•

Undertake consultation with villages affected by
the proposed sand mining.

•

To relocate outside CLHZ when buildings require
replacement

Best long-term solution

•

To ensure investment within the hazard zones is
considered in relation to the potential for damage from
coastal erosion

Responsibility: Village/Families

•

Family decision when building to provide long-
term protection from landslips.

•

Village/Family decision to relocate in the long-
term or when building new houses.

All infrastructure

•

To continue planting vegetation in coastal areas and to
protect plants from damage.

Responsibility: Village/Families

•

Village/Families to recognise the role that
vegetation plays in stabilising coastal areas.

•

Areas of accretion to be planted as soon as
practicable with suitable coastal species.

•

To undertake maintenance along road edge

Responsibility: Village/Families

•

.Village/Family to accept responsibility for
maintaining roadside

Note: Consideration has also been given to the improvement of coastal access tracks. Any decision to upgrade coastal access tracks must be
made by the village. Upgrading the coastal track would also need to take into account the possible negative impacts of construction and the
likely increase in sandmining that will be associated with such a development and the negative effect of such sandmining. Design advice
should be sought before any works proceed in order to ensure that negative impacts on the environment are appropriately managed and
recognise the potential for landslip damage. Poor water supply is also identified in Section 1 as an issue raised in consultation.

Possible Solutions
Fai’a’ai Village

To continue to relocate outside the hazard
zones or to ensure investment in the hazard
zones is considered in relation to the
potential damage.

Village management of
domestic sand-mining.

Identify a sustainable source
for domestic sand in the
vicinity.

To continue planting
vegetation in coastal areas
and to protect plants from

To undertake
maintenance along road
edge

Lagoon

CLHZ

CEHZ

Main South
Coast Road

Inland
flooding

Coastal
access path

Unsealed Work
Road

Faiaai

Poor water
supply

KEY

CEHZ

Coastal Erosion Hazard Zone

CFHZ

Coastal Flood Hazard Zone

CLHZ

Coastlal Landslip Hazard Zone

Roads and Tracks

Settlement

Building

Church

S.S.

Secondary School

S.S

Spring

Scale (km)

0.5

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT PLAN SALEGA DISTRICT

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6 Vaipua Village Infrastructure

Infrastructure

Best Solutions and Other Solutions Proposed

Other Benefits Implementation Guidelines

•

Village management of domestic sand mining

Responsibility: Village/DLSE

•

Village to share with government control over sand
mining activities.

•

Identify a new sustainable source for domestic sand in the
vicinity.

Responsibility: DLSE

•

Identify specific sites for near shore sustainable
sand mining to meet demand without depleting
coastal resources.

•

Prepare Environmental Impact Assessments for
identified sites.

•

Undertake consultation with villages affected by
the proposed sand mining.

•

To relocate outside CLHZ to where infrastructure already
exists when buildings require replacement

Best long-term solution

•

To ensure investment within the hazard zones is
considered in relation to the potential for damage from
coastal erosion

Responsibility: Village/Families

•

Family decision when building to provide long-
term protection from landslips.

•

Village/Family decision to relocate in the long-
term or when building new houses.

Village houses in
CLHZ

•

To continue planting vegetation in coastal areas and to
protect plants from damage.

Responsibility: Village/Families

•

Village/Families to recognise the role that
vegetation plays in stabilising coastal areas.

•

Areas of accretion to be planted as soon as
practicable with suitable coastal species.

All infrastructure

•

To construct culverts and drainage ditches along work
roads.

Responsibility: Village/Families

•

Village/Families to take into account the impact of
roads and other structures on the flow of storm
water and implement drainage as appropriate.

•

To undertake maintenance along road edge

Responsibility: Village/Families

•

.Village/Family to accept responsibility for
maintaining roadside

Note: Excavation of a hole in the reef has also been considered in the assessment of solutions for Vaipua Village. The assessment shows that
the environmental impacts of breaking through the reef are substantial and irreversible. In particular, the reef provides important
protection for the beach and cliff face from the open sea. To remove part of the reef would affect tidal flows and sediment transport and
would likely increase rates of erosion in this area.

Consideration has also been given to the improvement of coastal access tracks. Any decision to upgrade coastal access tracks must be made
by the village. Upgrading the coastal track would also need to take into account the possible negative impacts of construction and the likely
increase in sandmining that will be associated with such a development and the negative effect of such sandmining. Design advice should be
sought before any works proceed in order to ensure that negative impacts on the environment are appropriately managed and recognise the
potential for landslip damage.

Possible Solutions
Vaipua Village

To continue to relocate outside the hazard
zones or to ensure investment in the hazard
zones is considered in relation to the
potential damage.

Village management of
domestic sand-mining.

Identify a sustainable source
for domestic sand in the
vicinity.

To continue planting
vegetation in coastal areas
and to protect plants from

To undertake
maintenance along road
edge

Lagoon

CEHZ

CLHZ

Main South
Coast Road

Work Road

Main South
Coast Road

Inland flooding

Vaipua

Poor water
supply

KEY

CEHZ

Coastal Erosion Hazard Zone

CFHZ

Coastal Flood Hazard Zone

CLHZ

Coastlal Landslip Hazard Zone

Roads and Tracks

Building

Church

School

Scale (km)

0.5

To improve drainage
along work roads

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT PLAN SALEGA DISTRICT

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

Page 15

7 Fogasavaii Village Infrastructure

Infrastructure

Best Solutions and Other Solutions Proposed

Other Benefits Implementation Guidelines

Village houses in
CLHZ

•

To relocate outside CLHZ when buildings require
replacement or to ensure investment within the hazard
zones is considered in relation to the potential for damage
from coastal erosion

Best long-term solution

Responsibility: Village/Families

•

Family decision when building to provide long-
term protection from landslips.

•

Village/Family decision to relocate in the long-
term or when building new houses.

All infrastructure

•

Identify a new sustainable source for domestic sand in the
vicinity.

•

Responsibility: DLSE

•

Identify specific sites for near shore sustainable
sand mining to meet demand without depleting
coastal resources.

•

Prepare Environmental Impact Assessments for
identified sites.

•

Undertake consultation with villages affected by
the proposed sand mining.

•

Village management of domestic sand mining

Responsibility: Village/DLSE

•

Village to share with government control over sand
mining activities.

•

To continue to locate outside CLHZ or to ensure investment
within the hazard zones is considered in relation to the
potential for damage from landslips.

Best long-term solution

Responsibility: Village/Families

•

Family decision when building to provide long-
term protection from landslips.

•

Village/Family decision to relocate in the long-
term or when building new houses.

•

To continue planting vegetation in coastal areas and to
protect plants from damage.

Responsibility: Village/Families

•

Village/Families to recognise the role that
vegetation plays in stabilising coastal areas.

•

Areas of accretion to be planted as soon as
practicable with suitable coastal species.

•

Establish forestry conservation areas within the CLHZ and
CEHZ and on adjacent land.

Responsibility: Village/MAF Forestry

•

Village to approach MAF Forest with proposed
extent of Conservation Area and management
approach.

•

Protection to maintain coastal vegetation and
discourage asset relocation to hazard zones.

•

To undertake maintenance along road edge

Responsibility: Village/Families

•

.Village/Family to accept responsibility for
maintaining roadside

Possible Solutions
Fogasavaii Village

To continue to relocate outside the hazard
zones or to ensure investment in the hazard
zones is considered in relation to the
potential damage.

Village management of
domestic sand-mining.

Identify a sustainable source
for domestic sand in the
vicinity.

To continue planting
vegetation in coastal areas
and to protect plants from
damage.

To undertake
maintenance along road
edge

Main South
Coast Road

Lagoon

CLHZ

CEHZ

KEY

CEHZ

Coastal Erosion Hazard Zone

CFHZ

Coastal Flood Hazard Zone

Roads and Tracks

Building

School

Church

Coastal Access
Path

Cemetary

Inland flooding

Main South
Coast Road

Fogasavaii

Provision of a
reliable water supply

Scale (km)

Possible forestry
conservation area

0.5

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT PLAN SALEGA DISTRICT

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

Page 17

8 Sagone Village Infrastructure

Infrastructure

Best Solutions and Other Solutions Proposed

Other Benefits Implementation Guidelines

•

All infrastructure

•

To continue to locate outside CLHZ or to ensure investment
within the hazard zones is considered in relation to the
potential for damage from landslips.

Best long-term solution

•

Responsibility: Village/Families

•

Family decision when building to provide long-
term protection from landslips.

•

Village/Family decision to relocate in the long-
term or when building new houses.

•

Identify a new sustainable source for domestic sand in the
vicinity.

Responsibility: DLSE

•

Identify specific sites for near shore sustainable
sand mining to meet demand without depleting
coastal resources.

•

Prepare Environmental Impact Assessments for
identified sites.

•

Undertake consultation with villages affected by
the proposed sand mining.

•

Village management of domestic sand mining

Responsibility: Village/DLSE

•

Village to share with government control over sand
mining activities.

•

To continue planting vegetation in coastal areas and to
protect plants from damage.

Responsibility: Village/Families

•

Village/Families to recognise the role that
vegetation plays in stabilising coastal areas.

•

Areas of accretion to be planted as soon as
practicable with suitable coastal species.

NOTE: Consideration has also been given to the improvement of the coastal access road, which passes the school. Any decision to upgrade
this road must be made by the village. Upgrading the road would also need to take into account the possible negative impacts of
construction and the likely increase in sandmining that will be associated with such a development and the negative effect of such
sandmining on the coast. Design advice should be sought before any works proceed in order to ensure that negative impacts on the
environment are appropriately managed and recognise the potential for erosion damage.

Possible Solutions
Sagone Village

Main South
Coast Road

CEHZ

Lagoon

CEHZ

KEY

CEHZ

Coastal Erosion Hazard Zone

CFHZ

Coastal Flood Hazard Zone

Roads and Tracks

Building

Church

School

P. S

Pre school

Cemetary

Reef

Coastal Access
Road

Irregular water supply

Sagone

P.S.

Scale (km)

0.5