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COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT PLAN FALELATAI AND SAMATAU DISTRICT

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

FINAL

Table of Contents

Introduction to the CIM Plan

Implementation Guidelines

Participants in the Plan

Falelatai and Samatau District Infrastructure

Samatau Village Infrastructure

Si’ufaga Village Infrastructure

Pata Village Infrastructure

Matautu Village Infrastructure

Falevai and Samai Village Infrastructure

G l o s s a r y

Coastal Hazard Zones

–

Defined areas landward of the coast which are or are considered likely to be subject to the effects of hazards
over a defined assessment period. In this study, reference is made to four coastal hazard zones: ASCHs (areas
sensitive to coastal hazards); CEHZs (coastal erosion hazard zones); CFHZs (coastal flood hazard zones) and
CLHZs (coastal landslip hazard zones).

“Do Minimum” option -

A Management option that involves continuing with the present maintenance and upgrading programme on
an as and when required basis.

Hazard -

A source of potential harm or a situation with a potential to cause loss.

Infrastructure

–

Built structures and networks which support the national, regional or local community.

Lifeline infrastructure

Infrastructure that contributes directly to the survival of the community and its ability to respond and
recover at the time of extreme events.

Secondary infrastructure

Infrastructure that contributes to the every-day development of the community.

Implementation Guidelines

– A document to guide land use and resource practices to achieve specified goals, objectives and policies and

provide a framework for the implementation of defences and works.

Issue

–

A specific concern regarding both cause and effect.

Land and Resource Use

–

The use of land and resources by the community for social, economic or other benefit (e.g. land use includes
areas used for villages or crops, resource use includes activities such as sand mining, gravel extraction or
fishing).

Monitoring

–

Process of measuring the effectiveness or impacts of projects and works against predicted standards, levels or
outcomes.

Resilience

The ability to be adaptive, responsive and quick to recover.

Community Resilience

–

The ability for the community to be adaptive, responsive and quick to recover from the adverse effects
of hazard.

Natural Resilience

–

The ability of natural systems to be adaptive, responsive and quick to recover from coastal processes
or hazards.

Risk

–

The chance of something happening that will have an impact on objectives. It is measured in terms of
consequence and likelihood. In the Coastal Infrastructure Management Plan context it is the likelihood that
infrastructure will be subject to coastal hazards and the potential for loss of property, life or land due to
natural processes.

Stakeholders -

Those people and organisations who may affect, be affected by, or perceive themselves to be affected by, a
decision or activity. The term stakeholder may also include interested parties.

Strategy

–

Direction or course of action to achieve a defined vision.

Susceptibility

The degree to which infrastructure at risk is likely to be damaged by coastal hazards and how easy/difficult,
expensive/cheap it is to replace. In the context of the CIM Plan the term susceptibility is equivalent to the
term vulnerability as the Samoan phrase for both susceptibility and vulnerability is the same.

Vision

–

A desired destiny.

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT PLAN FALELATAI AND SAMATAU DISTRICT

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Introduction to the CIM Plan

T h e S t r a t e g i c V i s i o n

The District Coastal Infrastructure Management (CIM) Plan for Falelatai and Samatau District has been prepared as part of the Government
of Samoa’s Infrastructure Asset Management Programme (IAMP). The CIM Plan is one of the primary means of implementing the CIM
Strategy, which was formally approved by the Government of Samoa in February, 2001, as providing the Strategic direction for the
management of infrastructure (both public and private) within the coastal area.

The Strategy has as its central vision “Resilience – Coastal Infrastructure and Communities Resilient to Natural Hazards”. The CIM Plan
takes this vision and provides the practical tools with which the communities and the government, in partnership, can implement the
Strategy.

To be resilient is to be adaptive, responsive and quick to recover so that communities are environmentally, socially and economically

sustainable.

(CIM Strategy, January 2001).

T h e A i m o f t h e C I M P l a n

The Aim of the CIM Plan is to help communities and government improve resilience by identifying actions and solutions. Not all the
solutions may be actioned immediately but the plan will ensure that issues and options are identified for the long-term improvement in
resilience of both infrastructure and communities.

The CIM Plan will:

1. Improve the community’s awareness of coastal hazard risks;

2. Enable the community and infrastructure providers to reduce coastal hazard risks in villages;

3. Enable the community and infrastructure providers to better adapt, respond and recover from cyclones.

S t r u c t u r e o f t h e P l a n

The CIM Plan consists of two parts each serving a separate and distinct purpose.

•

Plan Development

, which describes the process undertaken in preparing the CIM Plan in conjunction with representatives of the

Communities involved and the Government and other stakeholders with interests in the Plan area.

•

Implementation Guidelines

, which describes the Plans and Actions recommended as outcomes of the process, together with the partner

responsible for implementing these outcomes. The participants of the CIM Plan preparation process are acknowledged in the
Implementation Guidelines

Implementation Guidelines

P u r p o s e o f t h e I m p l e m e n t a t i o n G u i d e l i n e s

The Implementation Guidelines describe the solutions proposed that will increase the resilience of the villages in the Plan area and the ways
these solutions can be implemented. The solutions are presented for each of the infrastructure items that have moderate to low resilience.
Where one solution will provide benefits to other items of infrastructure these “Other Benefits” are also noted. Implementation is
considered to be the joint responsibility of both the villages and the government in partnership. The government is responsible for the
provision of national and district “Public”, infrastructure, while villages are responsible for local and community infrastructure. The
responsibility for implementing the proposed actions is also defined. Solutions for both District infrastructure and Village infrastructure,
and the responsibility of both partners, should be considered together as they combine to provide for the integrated management of all
coastal infrastructure.

The solutions for village infrastructure will usually be the responsibility of the Village and Families in the village to implement. Advice and
resources may be available from government to assist the village in implementing these solutions. In most situations these solutions will also
provide benefits to both village and district infrastructure and should be considered an integral part of managing coastal infrastructure at
both levels.

D u r a t i o n o f t h e P l a n

The CIM Plan should be reviewed at five-yearly intervals. During the Plan period, the solutions implemented will be monitored to ensure
that they are effective in improving resilience. Some solutions are likely to take longer than five years to implement and the review will take
the progress of these into account.

The review of the Implementation Guidelines and the solutions proposed will be undertaken:

As part of the Five-yearly CIM Plan review programme.

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT PLAN FALELATAI AND SAMATAU DISTRICT

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Page ii

Once implemented, the solutions will be monitored on either an annual or five-yearly basis to check the effectiveness of the solution.
Detailed implementation of the solution will determine the monitoring requirements and Key Performance Indicators.

Participants in the Plan

The CIM Plan is a Partnership between the Government of Samoa and the villages within the Plan area. Both partners have responsibility
for different levels of infrastructure in the local communities and the Plan gives an integrated approach to the provision of services and
improvement of resilience now and in the future.

This Plan incorporates the Faipule District of Falelatai and Samatau.

The Committee for the Faipule District of Falelatai and Samatau, confirms the participation of the Villages in the preparation of this Coastal
Infrastructure Management Plan for Falelatai and Samatau District in partnership with the Government of Samoa and its adoption as a
Management Plan for the implementation of the Coastal Infrastructure Management Strategy.

Village Meetings:

Village Representatives:

•

Pata

22 November 2001

•

Matautu

26 November 2001

•

Si’ufaga

28 November 2001

•

Falevai and Samai

29 November 2001

•

Samatau

29 November 2001

The CIM Plan Committee representing all of the Villages in the area met on 30 November 2001.
Comments on the draft CIM Plan were received from the Committee on 18 January 2002.

Government Departments and Corporations:

•

Department of Lands, Survey and Environment

•

Ministry of Internal Affairs

•

Treasury Department

•

Public Works Department

The Department of Lands, Survey and Environment, as lead Department of
Government, on behalf of the participating Government Departments and
Corporations, confirms the participation of the Government of Samoa in the
preparation of this Coastal Infrastructure Management Plan and its adoption as a
Management Plan for the implementation of the Coastal Infrastructure
Management Strategy.

•

Samoa Water Authority

•

Electric Power Corporation

Signed:

•

Samoa Communications Ltd

Director of Lands Survey and Environment

•

Samoa Land Corporation

Date:

The Government of Samoa adopts the Coastal Infrastructure Management Plan for the Faipule District of Falelatai and Samatau as a
Management Plan for the implementation of the Coastal Infrastructure Management Strategy (CIMS).

Signed:

Minister of Lands, Survey and Environment, Government of Samoa

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT PLAN FALELATAI AND SAMATAU DISTRICT

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

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Page 1

1 Falelatai and Samatau District Infrastructure

Infrastructure

Best Solutions and Other Solutions Proposed

Other Benefits

Implementation Guidelines

•

To undertake a local education programme on the
importance of maintaining drains and building
drain crossings to roadside properties.

•

Upgrade drainage culverts where required under
Falelatai Road.

•

To implement regular drainage inspection
programme in the District and to ensure that
maintenance is undertaken regularly.

rks Department

•

Undertake inspection of culverts along Falelatai Road.

•

Identify areas of flooding along Falelatai Road and arrange
programme for remedying problem including upgrading
culverts and clearing/maintaining roadside drains.

•

Implement education programme for construction of
roadside crossings.

•

To inspect all Government managed seawalls in
the District and to ensure that maintenance is
undertaken regularly.

Responsibility: Public Works Department

•

Investigate areas reported to require maintenance.

•

Prepare maintenance programme.

Falelatai Road

•

Investigate constructing a new main road

further inland through the District.

Length of new road

5km

Cost of construction

$T1,150,000

Benefit/Cost ratio

1.53

(Possible location shown on Map 1 below)

•

Water

•

Electricity

•

Telephone

•

Village houses

•

Investigate constructing new inland road to provide for an
alternative access.

•

Identify funding/budget requirements and implementation
programme for construction and development.

•

Undertake detailed feasibility study in accordance with CIM
Strategy Evaluation Model Step 6.

•

Select final route in consultation with villages.

•

Prepare Environmental Impact Assessment.

•

To upgrade the Samai ford by improving

drainage underneath the ford.

Responsibility: Public Works Department

•

Investigate replacing the existing ford with a bridge, or
including more culverts in the design of the ford.

•

Identify funding/budget requirements and implementation
programme for construction and development.

Water network

•

Replace galvanised distribution pipes with PVC
pipes properly laid underground to reduce the
likelihood of leaks in the network.

Responsibility: Samoa Water Authority for
Government supply, Villages for village systems

•

Village

•

Undertake maintenance inspection.

•

Prepare programme for maintenance and upgrading works.

•

Villages to seek funding and advice for village systems.

Local telephone lines

•

Provision of underground telephone lines.

Responsibility:

Samoa Communications Ltd

•

Include provision for underground telephone lines where
practical and feasible in future programmes.

•

Provide an upgraded mobile telephone network

Responsibility: Samoa Communications Ltd

•

Village

•

Include provision for expansion of mobile telephone network
in future programmes.

Local electricity lines

•

Provision of underground electricity lines where
practical.

Responsibility: Electric Power Corporation

•

Village

•

Include provision for underground electricity lines where
practical and feasible in future programmes.

District Clinic

•

To relocate outside CEHZ and CFHZ when
buildings require replacement or to ensure
investment within the hazard zones is
considered in relation to the potential for damage
from coastal erosion and flooding

Responsibility: District, Department of Health

•

Village

•

District decision when building to provide long-term
protection from erosion and flooding.

•

District decision to relocate in the long-term.

•

Government to manage commercial sandmining
in the District, including to minimise adverse
environmental effects on the Samatau/Pata
wetlands.

•

Identify alternative sustainable sources of sand
for commercial supply.

Responsibility: Department of Lands, Survey and
Environment/Villages

•

Identify specific sites for near shore sustainable sand mining
to meet commercial demand without depleting coastal
resources.

•

Prepare Environmental Impact Assessments for identified
sites.

•

Undertake consultation with villages affected by the
proposed sand mining.

All infrastructure

•

Government and villages to manage reclamation
processes

Responsibility: Department of Lands, Survey and
Environment/Villages

•

District

•

Ensure that reclamations are undertaken in accordance with
the permit process.

•

Undertake EIA for all reclamations including consultation
with people/villages affected by interruption to coastal
processes.

•

Provision of early warning systems

Responsibility: Disaster Management Council

•

District

•

Prepare and implement early warning procedures including
a public awareness campaign

Wetland areas

•

Government and villages to manage development
adjacent to wetland areas and streams to
minimise further adverse environmental effects of
encroachment and land-use activities.

Responsibility: Department of Lands, Survey and
Environment/Villages

•

Villages

•

Government and villages to prepare development controls
for areas adjacent to wetlands.

•

Undertake consultation with village community and public.

•

Identify management responsibility for these areas.

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F u r t h e r I s s u e s R a i s e d D u r i n g t h e C I M P l a n P r o c e s s

The following issues have been raised in consultation but fall outside the scope of the CIM Plan as they relate to infrastructure that falls
outside the coastal area. The issues are recorded for further investigation by the responsible agencies so that they may programme a
suitable response as part of their Annual Plan and budget processes.

Issue

Responsibility

Comment

Samoa Water
Authority/Villages

Water Supply

Water is a significant issue in the district and the provision of a reliable supply of water for
domestic use is necessary for the health and safety of the community. The existing village owned
water supply and distribution networks are not at risk from coastal hazards and therefore the
issue lies outside the scope of this Coastal Infrastructure Management Plan.
Possible solutions may include the villages seeking assistance to upgrade the existing water
supply and distribution networks or Government, in consultation with the Villages and the
District to provide a wider network of supply. Roof water collection tanks may also be able to be
upgraded for domestic purposes.
The issue is recorded as an item for further investigation by the appropriate agencies.

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Possible Solutions
Falelatai and Samatau District

Scale 1:25,000

KEY

CEHZ

Coastal Erosion Hazard Zone

CFHZ

Coastal Flood Hazard Zone

Roads and Tracks

Samatau

Si’ufaga

Pata

Introduce culverts to the
wetland road.

Government
management of
sandmining

Government and village to
manage land use adjacent to
wetland

Implement regular drainage
inspections and undertake
maintance along Falelatai
Road

Provision of early warning
systems

Government to manage
reclamation processes

Identify suitable alternative
sources of sand

Provision of underground
electricity lines

Undertake education
campaign on the importance
of maintaining drains.

Provide an upgraded
mobile phone network

Provision of underground
electricity and telephone lines

Replace galvanised water
pipes with underground
PVC pipes

Matautu

Samai

Inspect all government managed
seawalls and ensure that
maintenance is undertaken regularly

Upgrade culverts where required
along Falelatai Road

Replace existing culvert

Investigate constructing a new
inland road

Investigate constructing new
inland road

Improve drainage
underneath ford

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT PLAN FALELATAI AND SAMATAU DISTRICT

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2 Samatau Village Infrastructure

Infrastructure

Best Solutions and Other Solutions Proposed

Other Benefits

Implementation Guidelines

•

Village management of domestic sand mining

Responsibility: Village/DLSE

•

Village to share with government control over sand
mining activities.

•

Identify a new sustainable source for domestic
sand in the vicinity.

Responsibility: DLSE

•

Main Road

•

Identify specific sites for near shore sustainable
sand mining to meet commercial demand without
depleting coastal resources.

•

Prepare Environmental Impact Assessments for
identified sites.

•

Undertake consultation with villages affected by
the proposed sand mining.

•

To continue to consider building foundations
at a level that takes into account the CFHZ in
the vicinity of buildings.

Responsibility: Families

•

Responsibility: Village/Families

•

Family decision when building to provide long-
term protection from flooding.

•

Village/Family decision to relocate in the long-
term or when building new houses.

•

To continue planting trees and other
vegetation in coastal areas and to enable this
vegetation to survive.

Responsibility: Village/Families

•

Main Road

•

Village/Families to recognise the role that
vegetation plays in stabilising coastal areas.

•

Areas of accretion to be planted as soon as
practicable with suitable coastal species.

Village houses,
primary school,
churches, village pool
and pre-school in
CEHZ and/or CFHZ.

•

Identify a suitable alternative water source and
inland location for the village pool

Responsibility: Village/Families

•

Village decision to provide long-term protection
from erosion.

•

Village decision to relocate in the long-term.

All village
infrastructure within
CEHZ and/or CFHZ

•

Investigate upgrading existing or constructing
new access roads to the water pump and/or
other inland work roads.
Length of new/upgraded road

800 m

Cost of construction

$T184,000

Benefit/Cost ratio

2.65

Responsibility: Families/Village/PWD

•

Village/Family decision to relocate in the long-
term or when building new houses.

•

Government to investigate upgrading inland work
road to provide for an alternative development
area.

NOTE: Seawalls have also been considered in the assessment of solutions for Samatau Village. The assessment shows that the cost of
building and maintaining the seawalls is twice the benefits they provide to the community.

KEY

CEHZ

Coastal Erosion Hazard Zone

CFHZ

Coastal Flood Hazard Zone

Roads and Tracks

School

P.S.

Pre-school

Church

Possible Solutions
Samatau Village

Scale 1:12,500

To relocate outside CEHZ and CFHZ when
buildings require replacement or to ensure
investment within the hazard zones is considered in
relation to the potential for damage from coastal
erosion and flooding

CEHZ

Wetland

CFHZ

Identify a new sustainable source
for domestic sand in the vicinity.

To continue planting trees and
other vegetation in coastal areas
and to enable this vegetation to

To continue to consider building
foundations at a level that takes
into account the CFHZ in the
vicinity of b uildings.

Investigate upgrading
existing access
roads

Village management of
domestic sand mining

Lagoon

Identify a suitable alternative
location for he village pool

P.S.

Samatau

Pool

Water pump
road

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3 Si’ufaga Village Infrastructure

Infrastructure

Best Solutions and Other Solutions Proposed

Other Benefits

Implementation Guidelines

•

Village management of domestic sand mining

Responsibility: Village/DLSE

•

Village to share with government control over sand
mining activities.

•

Identify a new sustainable source for domestic
sand in the vicinity.

Responsibility: DLSE

•

Main Road

•

Identify specific sites for near shore sustainable
sand mining to meet commercial demand without
depleting coastal resources.

•

Prepare Environmental Impact Assessments for
identified sites.

•

Undertake consultation with villages affected by the
proposed sand mining.

•

To continue to consider building foundations at
a level that takes into account the CFHZ in the
vicinity of buildings.

Responsibility: Families

•

Family decision when building to provide long-term
protection from flooding.

•

Village/Family decision to relocate in the long-term
or when building new houses.

•

Responsibility: Village/Families

•

To continue planting trees and other vegetation
in coastal areas and to enable this vegetation to
survive.

Responsibility: Village/Families

•

Main

Road

•

Village/Families to recognise the role that
vegetation plays in stabilising coastal areas.

•

Areas of accretion to be planted as soon as
practicable with suitable coastal species.

Village houses,
school, village pool,
tourist fales and
churches in the CEHZ
and/or CFHZ

•

Identify a suitable alternative water source and
inland location for the village pool

Responsibility: Village/Families

•

Village decision to provide long-term protection
from erosion.

•

Village decision to relocate in the long-term.

All village
infrastructure

•

To upgrade work roads to provide for
development inland.
Estimated length of road

500 m

Estimated cost

$T115,000

Benefit/cost ratio

1.02

Responsibility: Village/Families/PWD

•

Government to investigate upgrading inland work
road to provide for an alternative development area.

•

Village/Family decision to relocate in the long-term
or when building new houses.

NOTE: Seawalls around the clinic, school or main road have also been considered in the assessment of solutions for Si’ufaga Village. The
assessment shows that the cost of building and maintaining the seawalls is between eight and ten times the benefits they provide to the
community.

KEY

CEHZ

Coastal Erosion Hazard Zone

CFHZ

Coastal Flood Hazard Zone

Roads and Tracks

School

P.S.

Pre-school

Church

Women’s Committee House

Tourist Fales

Possible Solutions
Si’ufaga Village

Scale 1:12,500

Si’ufaga

CEHZ

CFHZ

Identify a new sustainable source
for domestic sand in the vicinity.

Provide adequate drainage along
and under the Falelatai Road.

To continue to consider building
foundations at a level that takes
into account the CFHZ in the
vicinity of buildings.

Investigate upgrading
existing access
roads.

Village management of
domestic sand mining

Falelatai Road

Lagoon

Wetland

Existing
Seawall

To continue planting trees and
other vegetation in coastal areas
and to enable this vegetation to

Identify alternative
location for pool

P.S
.

Clinic

Pool

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT PLAN FALELATAI AND SAMATAU DISTRICT

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4 Pata Village Infrastructure

Infrastructure

Best Solutions and Other Solutions Proposed

Other Benefits

Implementation Guidelines

•

Village management of domestic sand mining

Responsibility: Village/DLSE

•

Main Road

•

Village to share with government control over sand
mining activities.

•

Identify a new sustainable source for domestic
sand in the vicinity.

Responsibility: DLSE

•

Identify specific sites for near shore sustainable
sand mining to meet commercial demand without
depleting coastal resources.

•

Prepare Environmental Impact Assessments for
identified sites.

•

Undertake consultation with villages affected by the
proposed sand mining.

•

To continue to consider building foundations at
a level that takes into account the CFHZ in the
vicinity of buildings.

Responsibility: Families

•

Family decision when building to provide long-term
protection from flooding.

•

Village/Family decision to relocate in the long-term
or when building new houses.

•

Responsibility: Village/Families

Village houses,
women’s committee
house, village pool
and church in the
CEHZ and/or CFHZ

•

To continue planting trees and other vegetation
in coastal areas and to enable this vegetation to
survive.

Responsibility: Village/Families

•

Main

Road

•

Areas of accretion to be planted as soon as
practicable with suitable coastal species.

•

Village/Families to recognise the role that
vegetation plays in stabilising coastal areas.

•

Identify a suitable alternative water source and
inland location for the village pool

•

Responsibility: Village/Families

•

Village decision to provide long-term protection
from erosion.

•

Village decision to relocate in the long-term.

All village
infrastructure

•

To upgrade or build new roads to provide for
development inland near the primary school.
Estimated length of road

500 m

Estimated cost

$T115,000

Benefit/cost ratio

1.02

Responsibility: Village/Families/PWD

•

Government to investigate upgrading inland work
road to provide for an alternative development area.

•

Village/Family decision to relocate in the long-term
or when building new houses.

•

Establishment of a safe area at the village school
by strengthening the buildings.

Responsibility: Village/Families

•

Village/Families to investigate funding and to
commission work.

NOTE: Seawalls have also been considered in the assessment of solutions for Pata Village. The assessment shows that the cost of building
and maintaining the seawalls is eight times the benefits they provide to the community.

Possible Solutions
Pata Village

Scale 1:12,500

KEY

CEHZ

Coastal Erosion Hazard Zone

CFHZ

Coastal Flood Hazard Zone

Roads and Tracks

School

Pool

Church

To relocate outside CEHZ and CFHZ when
buildings require replacement or to ensure
investment within the hazard zones is considered in
relation to the potential for damage from coastal
erosion and flooding

CEHZ

CFHZ

Identify a new sustainable source
for domestic sand in the vicinity.

Provide adequate drainage
along and under the Falelatai
Road.

To continue to consider building
foundations at a level that takes into
account the CFHZ in the vicinity of
buildings.

Investigate upgrading
existing access
roads.

Village management of
domestic sand mining

Pata

Lagoon

Matautu

Falelatai Road

To continue planting trees and
other vegetation in coastal areas
and to enable this vegetation to

Provide safe area at
school

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5 Matautu Village Infrastructure

Infrastructure

Best Solutions and Other Solutions Proposed

Other Benefits

Implementation Guidelines

•

Village management of domestic sand mining

Responsibility: Village/DLSE

•

Main Road

•

Village to share with government control over sand
mining activities.

•

Identify a new sustainable source for domestic
sand in the vicinity.

Responsibility: DLSE

•

Identify specific sites for near shore sustainable
sand mining to meet commercial demand without
depleting coastal resources.

•

Prepare Environmental Impact Assessments for
identified sites.

•

Undertake consultation with villages affected by the
proposed sand mining.

•

To continue to consider building foundations at
a level that takes into account the CFHZ in the
vicinity of buildings.

Responsibility: Families

•

Family decision when building to provide long-term
protection from flooding.

•

Village/Family decision to relocate in the long-term
or when building new houses.

•

Responsibility: Village/Families

Village houses,
primary school,
preschool, church,
church hall and
women’s committee
house in the CEHZ
and/or CFHZ

•

To continue planting trees and other vegetation
in coastal areas and to enable this vegetation to
survive.

Responsibility: Village/Families

•

Main

Road

•

Village/Families to recognise the role that
vegetation plays in stabilising coastal areas.

•

Areas of accretion to be planted as soon as
practicable with suitable coastal species.

All village
infrastructure

•

Upgrade inland work road.
Length of new/upgraded road

500 m

Cost of construction

$T115,000

Benefit/Cost ratio

1.55

Responsibility: Village/Families/PWD

•

Government to investigate upgrading inland work
road to provide for an alternative development area.

•

Village/Family decision to relocate in the long-term
or when building new houses.

NOTE: Seawalls adjacent to the school and main road have also been considered in the assessment of solutions for Matautu Village. The
assessment shows that the cost of building and maintaining the seawalls are between seven and a hundred times the benefits they provide
to the community.

Possible Solutions
Matautu Village

Scale 1:12,500

KEY

CEHZ

Coastal Erosion Hazard Zone

CFHZ

Coastal Flood Hazard Zone

CLHZ

Coastal Landslip Hazard Zone

Roads and Tracks

School

Church

To relocate outside CEHZ and CFHZ when
buildings require replacement or to ensure
investment within the hazard zones is considered in
relation to the potential for damage from coastal
erosion and flooding

CEHZ

CFHZ

Identify a new sustainable source
for domestic sand in the vicinity.

Provide adequate drainage
along and under the Falelatai
Road.

To continue to consider building
foundations at a level that takes
into account the CFHZ in the
vicinity of buildings.

Village management of
domestic sand mining

Lagoon

Mataut
u

Falelatai Road

Culvert

Falevai and Samai

To continue planting trees and
other vegetation in coastal areas
and to enable this vegetation to
survive.

Investigate upgrading existing
access roads

Reclamations

Remove toilets
discharging into lagoon

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT PLAN FALELATAI AND SAMATAU DISTRICT

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

FINAL

Page 13

6 Falevai and Samai Village Infrastructure

Infrastructure

Best Solutions and Other Solutions Proposed

Other Benefits

Implementation Guidelines

•

Village management of domestic sand mining

Responsibility: Village/DLSE

•

Main Road

•

Village to share with government control over sand
mining activities.

•

Identify a new sustainable source for domestic
sand in the vicinity.

Responsibility: DLSE

•

Identify specific sites for near shore sustainable
sand mining to meet commercial demand without
depleting coastal resources.

•

Prepare Environmental Impact Assessments for
identified sites.

•

Undertake consultation with villages affected by the
proposed sand mining.

•

To continue to consider building foundations at
a level that takes into account the CFHZ in the
vicinity of buildings.

Responsibility: Families

•

Family decision when building to provide long-term
protection from flooding.

•

Village/Family decision to relocate in the long-term
or when building new houses.

•

Responsibility: Village/Families

Village houses,
church and women’s
committee house in
the CEHZ and/or
CFHZ

•

To continue planting trees and other vegetation
in coastal areas and to enable this vegetation to
survive.

Responsibility: Village/Families

•

Main

Road

•

Village/Families to recognise the role that
vegetation plays in stabilising coastal areas.

•

Areas of accretion to be planted as soon as
practicable with suitable coastal species.

•

All village
infrastructure

•

Upgrade inland work road.
Length of new/upgraded road

500 m

Cost of construction

$T115,000

Benefit/Cost ratio

1.50

Responsibility: Village/Families/PWD

•

Village/Family decision to relocate in the long-term
or when building new houses.

•

Government to investigate upgrading inland work
road to provide for an alternative development area.

NOTE: Seawalls have also been considered in the assessment of solutions for Falevai and Samai Village. The assessment shows that the cost
of building and maintaining the seawalls is 25 times the benefits they provide to the community.

Possible Solutions
Falevai and Samai Village

Scale 1:12,500

KEY

CEHZ

Coastal Erosion Hazard Zone

CFHZ

Coastal Flood Hazard Zone

CLHZ

Coastal Landslip Hazard Zone

Roads and Tracks

Women’s Committee House

P.S.

Pre-school

To relocate outside CEHZ and CFHZ when
buildings require replacement or to ensure
investment within the hazard zones is considered in
relation to the potential for damage from coastal
erosion and flooding

CEHZ

CLHZ

CFHZ

Identify a new sustainable source
for domestic sand in the vicinity.

Provide adequate drainage
along and under the Falelatai
Road.

To continue planting trees and other
vegetation in coastal areas and to
enable this vegetation to survive.

To continue to consider building
foundations at a level that takes into
account the CFHZ in the vicinity of
buildings.

Investigate upgrading
existing access roads.

Village management of
domestic sand mining

Lagoon

Wetlands

Seawall

Ford

Culvert

Falevai and
Samai