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COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT PLAN FALEALILI DISTRICT

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

Table of Contents

Introduction to the CIM Plan

Implementation Guidelines

Participants in the Plan

Falealili District Infrastructure

Saleilua Village Infrastructure

Poutasi Village Infrastructure

Vaovai Village Infrastructure

Matautu Village Infrastructure

Tafatafa/Matavai Village Infrastructure

Malaemalu Village Infrastructure

Satalo Village Infrastructure

Sapunaoa/Piu Vil lage Infrastructure

Salesatele Village Infrastructure

Si’uniu Village Infrastructure

Salani Village Infrastructure

Sapo’e Village Infrastructure

G l o s s a r y

Coastal Hazard Zones –

Defined areas landward of the coast which are or are considered likely to be subject to the effects of hazards
over a defined assessment period. In this study, reference is made to four coastal hazard zones: ASCHs (areas
sensitive to coastal hazards); CEHZs (coastal erosion hazard zones); CFHZs (coastal flood hazard zones) and
CLHZs (coastal landslip hazard zones).

“Do Minimum” option -

A Management option that involves continuing with the present maintenance and upgrading programme on
an as and when required basis.

Hazard -

A source of potential harm or a situation with a potential to cause loss.

Infrastructure –

Built structures and networks which support the national, regional or local community.

Lifeline infrastructure

Infrastructure that contributes directly to the survival of the community and its ability to respond and
recover at the time of extreme events.

Secondary infrastructure

Infrastructure that contributes to the every-day development of the community.

Implementation Guidelines – A document to guide land use and resource practices to achieve specified goals, objectives and policies and

provide a framework for the implementation of defences and works.

Issue –

A specific concern regarding both cause and effect.

Land and Resource Use –

The use of land and resources by the community for social, economic or other benefit (e.g. land use includes
areas used for villages or crops, resource use includes activities such as sand mining, gravel extraction or
fishing).

Monitoring –

Process of measuring the effectiveness or impacts of projects and works against predicted standards, levels or
outcomes.

Resilience -

The ability to be adaptive, responsive and quick to recover.

Community Resilience

–

The ability for the community to be adaptive, responsive and quick to recover from the adverse effects
of hazard.

Natural Resilience

–

The ability of natural systems to be adaptive, responsive and quick to recover from coastal processes
or hazards.

Risk –

The chance of something happening that will have an impact on objectives. It is measured in terms of
consequence and likelihood. In the Coastal Infrastructure Management Plan context it is the likelihood that
infrastructure will be subject to coastal hazards and the potential for loss of property, life or land due to
natural processes.

Stakeholders -

Those people and organisations who may affect, be affected by, or perceive themselves to be affected by, a
decision or activity. The term stakeholder may also include interested parties.

Strategy –

Direction or course of action to achieve a defined vision.

Susceptibility -

The degree to which infrastructure at risk is likely to be damaged by coastal hazards and how easy/difficult,
expensive/cheap it is to replace. In the context of the CIM Plan the term susceptibility is equivalent to the
term vulnerability as the Samoan phrase for both susceptibility and vulnerability is the same.

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEM ENT PLAN FALEALILI DISTRICT

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

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Introduction to the CIM Plan

T h e S t r a t e g i c V i s i o n

The District Coastal Infrastructure Management (CIM) Plan for Falealili District has been prepared as part of the Government of Samoa’s
Infrastructure Asset Management Programme (IAMP). The CIM Plan is one of the primary means of implementing the CIM Strategy, which
was formally approved by the Government of Samoa in February, 2001, as providing the Strategic direction for the management of
infrastructure (both public and private) within the coastal area.

The Strategy has as its central vision “Resilience – Coastal Infrastructure and Communities Resilient to Natural Hazards”. The CIM Plan
takes this vision and provides the practical tools with which the communities and the government, in partnership, can implement the
Strategy.

To be resilient is to be adaptive, responsive and quick to recover so that communities are environmentally, socially and economically

sustainable.

(CIM Strategy, January 2001).

T h e A i m o f t h e C I M P l a n

The Aim of the CIM Plan is to help communities and government improve resilience by identifying actions and solutions. Not all the
solutions may be actioned immediately but the plan will ensure that issues and options are identified for the long-term improvement in
resilience of both infrastructure and communities.

The CIM Plan will:

1. Improve the community’s awareness of coastal hazard risks;

2. Enable the community and infrastructure providers to reduce coastal hazard risks in villages;

3. Enable the community and infrastructure providers to better adapt, respond and recover from cyclones.

S t r u c t u r e o f t h e P l a n

The CIM Plan consists of two parts each serving a separate and distinct purpose.

•

Plan Development, which describes the process undertaken in preparing the CIM Plan in conjunction with representatives of the
Communities involved and the Government and other stakeholders with interests in the Plan area.

•

Implementation Guidelines, which describes the Plans and Actions recommended as outcomes of the process, together with the partner
responsible for implementing these outcomes. The participants of the CIM Plan preparation process are acknowledged in the
Implementation Guidelines.

Implementation Guidelines

P u r p o s e o f t h e I m p l e m e n t a t i o n G u i d e l i n e s

The Implementation Guidelines describe the solutions proposed that will increase the resilience of the villages in the Plan area and the ways
these solutions can be implemented. The solutions are presented for each of the infrastructure items that have moderate to low resilience.
Where one solution will provide benefits to other items of infrastructure these “Other Benefits” are also noted. Implementation is
considered to be the joint responsibility of both the villages and the government in partnership. The government is responsible for the
provision of national and district “Public”, infrastructure, while villages are responsible for local and community infrastructure. The
responsibility for implementing the proposed actions is also defined. Solutions for both District infrastructure and Village infrastructure,
and the responsibility of both partners, should be considered together as they combine to provide for the integrated management of all
coastal infrastructure.

The solutions for village infrastructure will usually be the responsibility of the Village and Families in the village to implement. Advice and
resources may be available from government to assist the village in implementing these solutions. In most situations these solutions will also
provide benefits to both village and district infrastructure and should be considered an integral part of managing coastal infrastructure at
both levels.

D u r a t i o n o f t h e P l a n

The CIM Plan should be reviewed at five-yearly intervals. During the Plan period, the solutions implemented will be monitored to ensure
that they are effective in improving resilience. Some solutions are likely to take longer than five years to implement and the review will take
the progress of these into account.

The review of the Implementation Guidelines and the solutions proposed will be undertaken:

As part of the Five-yearly CIM Plan review programme.

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEM ENT PLAN FALEALILI DISTRICT

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

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Once implemented, the solutions will be monitored on either an annual or five-yearly basis to check the effectiveness of the solution.
Detailed implementation of the solution will determine the monitoring requirements and Key Performance Indicators.

Participants in the Plan

The CIM Plan is a Partnership between the Government of Samoa and the villages within the Plan area. Both partners have responsibility
for different levels of infrastructure in the local communities and the Plan gives an integrated approach to the provision of services and
improvement of resilience now and in the future.

This Plan incorporates the Faipule District of Falealili.

The Committee for the Faipule District of Falealili, confirms the participation of the Villages in the preparation of this Coastal Infrastructure
Management Plan for Falealili District in partnership with the Government of Samoa and its adoption as a Management Plan for the
implementation of the Coastal Infrastructure Management Strategy.

Village Meetings:

Village Representatives:

•

Saleilua

1 October 2001

•

Poutasi

2 October 2001

•

Vaovai

3 October 2001

•

Matautu

4 October 2001

•

Tafatafa/Matavai

9 October 2001

•

Malaemalu

8 October 2001

•

Satalo

26 September 2001

•

Sapunaoa/Piu

27 September 2001

•

Salesatele

28 September 2001

•

Si’uniu

9 October 2001

•

Salani

10 October 2001

•

Sapo’e

11 October 2001

The CIM Plan Committee representing all of the Villages in the area met on 11 October and 20 November 2001.
Comments on the draft CIM Plan were received from the Committee on 29 November 2001.

Government Departments and Corporations:

•

Department of Lands, Survey and Environment

•

Ministry of Internal Affairs

•

Treasury Department

•

Public Works Department

The Department of Lands, Survey and Environment, as lead Department of
Government, on behalf of the participating Government Departments and
Corporations, confirms the participation of the Government of Samoa in the
preparation of this Coastal Infrastructure Management Plan and its adoption as a
Management Plan for the implementation of the Coastal Infrastructure
Management Strategy.

•

Samoa Water Authority

•

Electric Power Corporation

Signed:

•

Samoa Communications Ltd

Director of Lands Survey and Environment

•

Samoa Land Corporation

Date:

Other stakeholders in the Plan area include:

•

Salani Surf Resort

The Government of Samoa adopts the Coastal Infrastructure Management Plan for the Faipule District of Falealili as a Management Plan
for the implementation of the Coastal Infrastructure Management Strategy (CIMS).

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEM ENT PLAN FALEALILI DISTRICT

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

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Falealili District Infrastructure

Infrastructure

Best Solutions and Other Solutions Proposed

Other Benefits

Implementation Guidelines

• Replace existing South Coast Road fords at Malaemalu

and Poutasi with bridges or larger culverts.

New bridges 2 x 10 m

20 m

Approximate cost
Bridges including approach works
($T100,000/m)

$T2,000,000

Best long-term solution for maintaining lifeline access
along South Coast Road and improving natural lagoon
processes.

• Prepare programme for replacement of fords and bridges

identified as being inadequate, causing flooding, blocking
sediment transfer and cutting life-line access.

•  Undertake EIA as required.
•  Prepare contract documents.
•  Include in Asset Management Register where not currently

registered.

South Coast Road
including fords,
bridges and the
upgraded Salani –
Aleipata section of
the road

• Improved maintenance program, including clearing

sediment and debris from upstream locations and
culverts.

Responsibility: Public Works Department

• Undertake maintenance inspection of fords and bridges in

Falealili District.

• Include in Asset Management Register where not currently

registered.

• Prepare programme for maintenance where required.

• Provide drainage culverts or bridges in areas where the

road is blocking the natural overland flow path for
example, at Poutasi where the Police Station may be
flooded.

Responsibility: Public Works Department

• Prepare programme for construction of culverts and/or bridges

identified as being required to prevent flooding and cutting life-
line access.

• Undertake EIA as required.
• Include in Asset Management Register where appropriate.

• Protect exposed drainage ditches and earthworks.
Responsibility: Public Works Department

• Ensure sediment control measures are used on areas of

exposed earthworks.

Responsibility: Public Works Department

• Prepare programme to complete protection and sediment control

works.

• Replant edges of streams

Responsibility: Public Works Department

•  Wetland
•  Lagoon
•  Reef system
•  Coastal

Villages

• Prepare programme to complete replanting.

• To inspect all Government funded seawalls in the

District, complete those that are not finished and to
ensure that maintenance is undertaken regularly.

Responsibility: Public Works Department

•  Electricity
•  Telephone
•  Village

• Undertake maintenance inspection of seawalls in Falealili

District.

• Include in Asset Management Register.
• Prepare programme for maintenance and completion where

required.

• Improved maintenance program, including clearing

sediment and debris from upstream locations and
culverts.

• Responsibility: Public Works Department/Villages
• Provide drainage culverts or bridges in areas where the

road is blocking the natural overland flow path for
example at Sapo’e.

Responsibility: Public Works Department/Villages

• Protect exposed drainage ditches and earthworks.
Responsibility: Public Works Department/Villages

• Village

• Undertake maintenance inspection of roadside drains and

culverts.

• Prepare programme for maintenance and upgradingvwhere

required.

Coastal Feeder
Roads

• Redesign estuary crossings at Poutasi and Vaovai to

allow fish passage, sediment transfer and tidal flows.
Approximate cost to replace with box culvert or similar

(2 x $T300,000)

$T600,000

Best long-term solution to maintain and improve the
natural environment and biodiversity of the wetlands.

Responsibility: Public Works Department/Department of
Lands, Survey and Environment.

• Wetlands

• Undertake detailed study of benefits and costs to the natural and

social environment.

• Seek funding to replace culverts with suitably sized culverts or

open bridges.

• Undertake EIA for chosen solution.
• Construct new crossings.

• To ensure that the coastal road at Satalo does not block

the natural flow of water to and from the wetland area.

Responsibility: Public Works Department/Village

• Wetlands

• Investigate construction of road along the beach and either

provide proper culvert crossing or maintain low impact beach
access.

Main Telephone
lines

• Provide for main underground telephone line.

Responsibility: Samoa Communications Ltd

• Electricity
• Village

• Include provision for underground telephone lines where

practical and feasible in future programmes. This will also
benefit main electricity network by removing additional weight
from electricity poles. Local telephone lines are light-weight and
serve limited numbers of houses thus less susceptible to damage.

• Upgrade mobile telephone network.

Responsibility: Samoa Communications Ltd

• Village

• Include provision for expansion of mobile telephone network in

future programmes.

Telecommunications
microwave stations

• Replace with underground network or relocate outside

of the hazard zones as and when required.

Responsibility: Samoa Communications Ltd

• Village

• Hazard maps to be referred to as part of decision-making and

investment and structures planned accordingly.

Local electricity
lines

• Provision of underground electricity lines.

Responsibility: Samoa Communications Ltd

• Village

• Include provision for underground telephone lines where

practical and feasible in future programmes.

District School

• Relocate existing buildings above the Flood Hazard

l h i h

d li i

• Village

• Hazard maps provided to be referred to as part of decision-

d i

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEM ENT PLAN FALEALILI DISTRICT

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

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Infrastructure

Best Solutions and Other Solutions Proposed

Other Benefits

Implementation Guidelines

• Government management of commercial sand mining.
• Government to identify sustainable source of sand for

commercial activities.

Responsibility: Department of Lands, Survey and
Environment/Villages

• District

• Identify specific sites for near shore sustainable sand mining to

meet commercial demand without depleting coastal resources.

• Prepare Environmental Impact Assessments for identified sites.
• Undertake consultation with villages affected by the proposed

sand mining.

• Prepare and implement early warning procedures including a

public awareness campaign.

All infrastructure
including wetlands,
the lagoon and the
reef systems.

• Prevent cattle access to the banks of streams.

Responsibility: Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry/
Land owners

• Undertake education programme on benefits of proposed

solution.

• Maintenance of a filter strip of natural vegetation along

stream banks.

Responsibility: Department of Lands, Survey and
Environment/Ministry of Agricultur and Forestry

• Village water

supply

•  Wetlands
•  Lagoon
•  Reef systems

• Undertake education programme on benefits of proposed

solution.

• Prepare planting and stock control programmes.

• Government and villages to manage reclamation

processes

Responsibility: Department of Lands, Survey and

Environment

• Ensure that reclamations are undertaken in accordance with the

permit process.

• Undertake EIA for all reclamations including consultation with

people/villages affected by interruption to coastal processes.

• Provision of early warning systems.

Responsibility: National Disaster Management
Committee

• District

• Prepare programme for implementation of early warning

systems.

Note: Refer to Maps to see proposed alignments and locations of intervention solutions.

F u r t h e r I s s u e s R a i s e d D u r i n g t h e C I M P l a n P r o c e s s

The following issues have been raised in consultation but fall outside the scope of the CIM Plan as they relate to infrastructure that falls
outside the coastal area. The issues are recorded for further investigation by the responsible agencies so that they may programme a
suitable response as part of their Annual Plan and budget processes.

Issue

Responsibility

Comment

Water Supply

Samoa Water Authority

Water is a significant issue in the district and the provision of a consistent supply of water for domestic use is

necessary for the health and safety of the community. Issues include:

•

Provision of clean supply from river sources unpolluted by adjacent land-use practices.

•

Maintenance of distribution networks during periods of flooding inland.

•

Replacement of existing galvanised pipes with PVC pipes to ensure clean supply.

The solutions to these issues lie outside the scope of the CIM Plan as the existing infrastructure is not at risk

or susceptible to coastal hazards.

The Samoa Water Authority has advised that they are aware of the issues and problems in this area and are

currently planning to improve the service to the District.

Villages/Families

Villages and families may choose to consider the construction of roof-water collection tanks to supplement

their existing supply.

South Coast Road

Public Works Department

The South Coast Road crosses a number of valleys that are not permanent watercourses. The road at some of

these points is not adequately provided with culverts or drainage channels resulting in flooding problems

along the inland side of the road. The valleys provide important. overland flow paths for stormwater runoff

and adequate drainage must be provided.

This issue also affects the transport of sediment to the lagoon and issues related to coastal processes noted for

fords and bridges above.

Other access roads
and work roads in
the District

Public Works Department

Concerns were raised in consultation that work was being, or might be, undertaken on access roads and

work roads without a proper EIA to determine the full impact of the work on the social and physical

environment and the economic costs and benefits to the community. It is noted that in the CIM Strategy

Evaluation Methodology and in the Government of Samoa’s Interim Code of Environmental Practice an EIA

must be prepared for works including the upgrading of roads.

Crossing the
Fagatoloa Stream
at Salani

Public Works Department/

Villages

An issue was raised concerning the potential for a bridge crossing the Fagatoloa Stream from Salani to

Sapo’e/Utulaelae. This is an issue that is considered to be outside of the CIM Plan but a possible solution to

providing access between the two sides of the stream may be to provide a pedestrian bridge if a road bridge

is considered to be unsuitable in this area.

This issue is a matter for the villages to follow up with the Public Works Department.

New road to the
Malaemalu Pool

Villages

Malaemalu village representatives suggested that it would be a benefit to Falealili District to construct a new

road from the South Coast Road to the Malaemalu Pool as a source of water for other villages in the District.

This is an issue that is outside of the CIM Plan and should be discussed by the villages in the District.

Road safety

Public Works Department/

Villages/Electric Power

Corporation

Concern was raised that some sections of the South Coast Road was unsafe because of speeding cars,

particularly outside of schools and public buildings. Other village roads were considered to be unsafe

because of poor street lighting. These are issues that should be taken up with the appropriate authority.

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEM ENT PLAN FALEALILI DISTRICT

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

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Possible District Solutions
Saleilua - Tafatafa

No Scale

KEY

CEHZ

Coastal Erosion Hazard Zone

CFHZ

Coastal Flood Hazard Zone

Roads and Tracks

Saleilua

Poutasi

Vaovai

Matautu

Tafatafa

t
h

Coast Road

South Coast Road

Lagoon

Beach fales

Ili’ili

Coral Reef

Beach fales

CFHZ

CEHZ

CFHZ

CEHZ

Replace South Coast Road
fords with bridges or larger
culverts

Provide culverts and drainage
ditches to provide for
overland flow of stormwater
and reduce flooding.

Redesign estuary crossings
at Poutasi and Vaovai to
allow fish passage, sediment
transfer and tidal flow.

Complete areas of
unfinished seawalls and
provide regular

Upgrade mobile
telephone network.

Improved maintenance
programme for main road
bridges, fords and

Provide underground
electricity and telephone
lines.

Build foundations of
District facilities located
in CFHZ higher above
flood limits.

Relocate District
faciliti es outside CEHZ
and CFHZ when
buildings require

Government to identify
sustainable source of sand
for commercial activities.

Government management
of commercial sand
mining.

Provide an early
warning system for
cyclones.

Replant edges of streams.

Limit farm stock access to
rivers and streams and maintain
natural vegetation along banks
as a filter strip.

Protect exposed drainage
ditches and earthworks

Ensure sediment control
measures are used on
areas of exposed
earthworks

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEM ENT PLAN FALEALILI DISTRICT

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

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Possible District Solutions
Matavai - Sapo’e

No Scale

KEY

CEHZ

Coastal Erosion Hazard Zone

CFHZ

Coastal Flood Hazard Zone

Roads and Tracks

Malaemalu

Satalo

Salani

Utulaela

Sapo’e

South Coast Road

Lagoon

Cape Nene

Matavai

Reef Pass

CFHZ

CEHZ

CFHZ

CEHZ

Replace South Coast Road
fords with bridges or larger
culverts

Provide culverts and drainage
ditches to provide for
overland flow of stormwater
and reduce flooding.

Complete areas of
unfinished seawalls and
provide regular

Upgrade mobile
telephone network.

Improved maintenance
programme for main road
bridges, fords and

Provide underground
electricity and telephone
lines.

Build foundations of
District facilities located
in CFHZ higher above
flood limits.

Relocate District
facilities outside CEHZ
and CFHZ when
buildings require

Government to identify
sustainable source of sand
for commercial activities.

Government management
of commercial sand
mining.

Provide an early
warning system for
cyclones.

Sapunaoa

Si’uniu

Piu

Salesatele

Protect exposed
drainage ditches and
earthworks.

Replant banks of rivers
and streams.

Fagatoloa River

Vailoa Stream

Faga Stream

Vaifaliuga Stream

Ensure sediment control
measures are used on
areas of exposed
earthworks.

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEM ENT PLAN FALEALILI DISTRICT

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Saleilua Village Infrastructure

Infrastructure

Best Solutions and Other Solutions Proposed

Other Benefits

Implementation Guidelines

• Village management of domestic sand mining

Responsibility: Village/DLSE

• All infrastructure

within CEHZ

• Village to share with government control over sand

mining activities.

• Identify a sustainable source for domestic sand

in the vicinity.

Responsibility: Village/DLSE

• All infrastructure

within CEHZ

• DLSE to investigate alternative sand sources in

consultation with Village.

• Prepare EIA into impacts of sand removal from

identified areas.

• To continue to consider building foundations

at a level that takes into account the CFHZ in
the vicinity of the building.

Responsibility: Village/Families

Village houses in the
CEHZ and/or CFHZ

• To relocate outside CEHZ and CFHZ when

buildings require replacement or to ensure
investment within the hazard zones is
considered in relation to the potential for
damage from coastal erosion and flooding.

Best long-term solution.

Responsibility: Village/Families

• Village/Families to take note of Hazard maps

provided and to plan investment and structures
accordingly.

Access road and
water supply to Ili’ili

• To relocate outside CEHZ and CFHZ when

road and water supply pipe require
replacement or to ensure investment within the
hazard zones is considered in relation to the
potential for damage from coastal erosion and
flooding.

Responsibility: Village/Families

• Village/Families to take note of Hazard maps

provided and to plan replacement of road and
water supply accordingly.

Beach fales

• Ensure investment is considered in relation to

the potential for damage from cyclones.

• Ensure support structures such as kitchens,

ablutions and dining fales are as far from the
beach as possible, preferably outside the
CEHZ

Responsibility: Families/Tourist Operators

• Families/Tourist Operators to take note of Hazard

maps provided and to plan investment and
structures accordingly.

Coastal Pools

• To either abandon pools or to build water-

proof pool wall higher and allow for higher
outlet to limit sand entering and retain
freshwater.

Responsibility: Village/Families

• Prepare EIA, if required, into possible impacts of

rebuilding pool.

• Village/Families to decide whether continued

investment in the CEHZ is warranted.

NOTE: An issue was raised concerning debris and silt blocking the mouth of the Togitogiga River. This does not affect the degree of risk
or susceptibility in Saleilua village including Ili’ili, and the best solution would be to allow natural processes to clear the river mouth.

KEY

CEHZ

Coastal Erosion Hazard Zone

CFHZ

Coastal Flood Hazard Zone

Roads and Tracks

Pool

Possible Village Solutions Saleilua

Scale 1:10,000

Saleilua

Poutasi

South Coast Road

Lagoon

Ili’ili

CEHZ

Flooding

Church

Abandon coastal
pools

Build pool wall higher and
allow for higher outlet

Relocate buildings outside
CEHZ and CFHZ when
replacement required

Build foundations
higher above flood

Identify sustainable sand
source for domestic
supply

Village management
of domestic sand

Possible
location of
relocated road

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEM ENT PLAN FALEALILI DISTRICT

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Poutasi Village Infrastructure

Infrastructure

Best Solutions and Other Solutions Proposed

Other Benefits

Implementation Guidelines

• Village management of domestic sand mining

Responsibility: Village/DLSE

• All infrastructure

within CEHZ

• Village to share with government control over sand

mining activities.

• Identify a new sustainable source for domestic

sand in the vicinity.

Responsibility: Village/DLSE

• All infrastructure

within CEHZ

• DLSE to investigate alternative sand sources in

consultation with Village.

• Prepare EIA into impacts of sand removal from

identified areas.

Village houses,
churches and
preschool in the
CEHZ and CFHZ

• To continue to consider building foundations at

a level that takes into account the CFHZ in the
vicinity of the building.

Responsibility: Village/Families

• Village/Families to take note of Hazard maps

provided and to plan investment and structures
accordingly.

• To relocate outside CEHZ and CFHZ when

buildings require replacement or to ensure
investment within the hazard zones is
considered in relation to the potential for
damage from coastal erosion and flooding.

Best long-term solution.

Responsibility: Village/Families

Structures within the
wetland areas

• Remove structures that block the flow of water

through the wetlands.

Responsibility: Village/Families

• Lagoon
• Reef systems

• Undertake study of local wetland areas to identify

structures encroaching on the area and possible
solutions or alternative proposals.

NOTE: Seawalls have also been considered in the assessment of solutions for Poutasi Village. The assessment shows that the cost of
building and maintaining the seawalls is 2.5 times the benefits they provide to the community.

KEY

CEHZ

Coastal Erosion Hazard Zone

CFHZ

Coastal Flood Hazard Zone

Roads and Tracks

Culverts

D.S.

District School

P S

h l

Possible Village Solutions
Poutasi

Scale 1:10,000

Saleilua

Poutasi

South Coast Road

Lagoon

Wetlands

D.S.

Vaovai

Store

Police Station

CEHZ

CFHZ

P.S.

Boat Ramp
and fishing
boats

Church

Relocate buildings outside
CEHZ and CFHZ when
replacement required

Build foundations
higher above flood

Identify sustainable sand
source for domestic

Village management
of domestic sand

i i

Remove structures that
block the flow of water
through the wetlands.

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEM ENT PLAN FALEALILI DISTRICT

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Vaovai Village Infrastructure

Infrastructure

Best Solutions and Other Solutions Proposed

Other Benefits

Implementation Guidelines

• Village management of domestic sand mining.

Responsibility: Village/DLSE

• All infrastructure

within CEHZ

• Village to share with government control over

sand mining activities.

• Identify a new sustainable source for domestic

sand in the vicinity

Responsibility: Village/DLSE

• All infrastructure

within CEHZ

• DLSE to investigate alternative sand sources in

consultation with Village.

• Prepare EIA into impacts of sand removal from

identified areas.

Village houses and
church in CEHZ and
CFHZ

• To continue to consider building foundations at

a level that takes into account the CFHZ in the
vicinity of the building.

Responsibility: Families

• To relocate outside CEHZ and CFHZ when

buildings require replacement or to ensure
investment within the hazard zones is
considered in relation to the potential for
damage from coastal erosion and flooding.

Best long-term solution.

Responsibility: Village/Families

• Village/Families to take note of Hazard maps

provided and to plan investment and structures
accordingly.

Village houses in
CFHZ

• To continue to consider building foundations at

a level that takes into account the CFHZ in the
vicinity of the building.

Responsibility: Families

• Village/Families to take note of Hazard maps

provided and to plan investment and structures
accordingly.

NOTE: A seawall has also been considered in the assessment of solutions for Vaovai Village. The assessment shows that the cost of
building and maintaining a 20-year design seawall 300 m long to protect the road and houses in the CEHZ is 3 times the benefits it provides
to the community.

An issue of concern raised during consultation was the poor drainage in front of the school. As the school is outside of the CEHZ and
CFHZ this is outside of the scope of the CIM Plan but may be considered by the Village and the Public Works Department in partnership as
a separate issue.

KEY

CEHZ

Coastal Erosion Hazard Zone

CFHZ

Coastal Flood Hazard Zone

Roads and Tracks

Culverts

School

P.S.

Pre-school

Pool

Possible Village Solutions
Vaovai

Scale 1:10,000

Poutasi

Lagoon

Vaovai

CEHZ

CFHZ

P.S.

Church

Relocate buildings outside
CEHZ and CFHZ when
replacement required

Build foundations
higher above flood

Identify sustainable sand
source for domestic

Village management
of domestic sand

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEM ENT PLAN FALEALILI DISTRICT

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

Page 12

Matautu Village Infrastructure

Infrastructure

Best Solutions and Other Solutions Proposed

Other Benefits

Implementation Guidelines

Village Houses

• To relocate outside CEHZ when buildings

require replacement or to ensure investment
within the hazard zones is considered in
relation to the potential for damage from coastal
erosion and flooding.

Best solution for improved long-term resilience.

Responsibility: Village/Families

• Village/Families to take note of Hazard maps

provided and to plan investment and structures
accordingly.

Pool

• Raise level of outlet.

Responsibility: Village/Families

• Rebuild pool walls.

Responsibility: Village/Families

• Village/families to investigate reconstruction of

pool to take into account higher relative sea levels.

KEY

CEHZ

Coastal Erosion Hazard Zone

CFHZ

Coastal Flood Hazard Zone

Roads and Tracks

Pool

Possible Village Solutions
Matautu

Scale 1:10,000

Matautu

Vaovai

Hall

Sout

Coast

R
oad

Lagoon

CEHZ

CFHZ

Relocate buildings
outside CEHZ when
replacement required

Raise outlet level of Pool

Rebuild pool walls

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEM ENT PLAN FALEALILI DISTRICT

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

Page 14

Tafatafa/Matavai Village Infrastructure

Infrastructure

Best Solutions and Other Solutions Proposed

Other Benefits

Implementation Guidelines

• Village management of domestic sand mining.

Responsibility: Village/DLSE

• All infrastructure

within CEHZ

• Village to share with government control over sand

mining activities.

• Identify a new sustainable source for domestic

sand in the vicinity

Responsibility: Village/DLSE

• All infrastructure

within CEHZ

• DLSE to investigate alternative sand sources in

consultation with Village.

• Prepare EIA into impacts of sand removal from

identified areas.

• To continue to consider building foundations at

a level that takes into account the CFHZ in the
vicinity of the building.

Responsibility: Families

• Village/Families to take note of Hazard maps

provided and to plan investment and structures
accordingly.

Village houses and
beach fales in the
CEHZ and CFHZ

• To relocate outside CEHZ and CFHZ when

buildings require replacement or to ensure
investment within the hazard zones is
considered in relation to the potential for
damage from coastal erosion and flooding.Best
long-term solution.

Responsibility: Village/Families

• Ensure support structures such as kitchens,

ablutions and dining fales are as far from the
beach as possible, preferably outside the CEHZ.

Responsibility: Families/Tourist Operators

• Families/Tourist operators to take note of Hazard

maps provided and to plan investment and structures
accordingly.

Possible Village Solutions
Tafatafa/Matavai

Scale 1:10,000

KEY

CEHZ

Coastal Erosion Hazard Zone

CFHZ

Coastal Flood Hazard Zone

Roads and Tracks

School

Women’s Committee House

Tafatafa

Matavai

South Coast Road

Lagoon

CEHZ

CFHZ

Cape Nene

Church

Beach fales

Relocate buildings outside
CEHZ and CFHZ when
replacement required

Build foundations
higher above flood

Improve road drainage
to limit flooding

Identify new sustainable
source for domestic sand in
the vicinity of the village.

Village management of
domestic sand mining

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEM ENT PLAN FALEALILI DISTRICT

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

Page 18

Satalo Village Infrastructure

Infrastructure

Best Solutions and Other Solutions Proposed

Other Benefits

Implementation Guidelines

Village houses, within
the CFHZ and CEHZ

• Village management of domestic sand mining
Responsibility: Village/DLSE

• All infrastructure

within CEHZ

• Village to share with government control over sand

mining activities.

• Identify a new sustainable source for domestic

sand in the vicinity

Responsibility: Village/DLSE

• All infrastructure

within CEHZ

• DLSE to investigate alternative sand sources in

consultation with Village.

• Prepare EIA into impacts of sand removal from identified

areas.

• To continue to consider building foundations at

a level that takes into account the CFHZ in the
vicinity of the building.

Responsibility: Village/Families
• To relocate outside CEHZ and CFHZ when

buildings require replacement or to ensure
investment within the hazard zones is
considered in relation to the potential for
damage from coastal erosion and flooding.

Responsibility: Village/Families

• Village/Families to take note of Hazard maps provided

and to plan investment and structures accordingly.

Churches within the
CFHZ and CEHZ

• To continue to consider building foundations at

a level that takes into account the CFHZ in the
vicinity of the building.

Responsibility: Village/Families/Church
• To relocate outside CEHZ and CFHZ when

buildings require replacement or to ensure
investment within the hazard zones is
considered in relation to the potential for
damage from coastal erosion and flooding.

Responsibility: Village/Families/Church

• Village/Families and Churches to take note of Hazard

maps provided and to plan investment and structures
accordingly.

NOTE: A seawall has also been considered in the assessment of solutions for Satalo Village. The assessment shows that the cost of building
and maintaining a 20-year design seawall 250 m long to protect the road and houses in the CEHZ is 3 times the benefits it provides to the
community.

Possible Village Solutions
Satalo

Scale 1:10,000

KEY

CEHZ

Coastal Erosion Hazard Zone

CFHZ

Coastal Flood Hazard Zone

Roads and Tracks

D.S

District School

School

Women’s Committee House

Telecommunications tower

Malaemalu

Sapunaoa

Lagoon

CEHZ

CFHZ

Satalo

Church

Seawall

Boat ramp

D.S.

Relocate buildings
outside CEHZ and
CFHZ when

i d

Build foundations
above flood levels

Identify sustainable
domestic sand

Village management of
domestic sand mining

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEM ENT PLAN FALEALILI DISTRICT

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

Page 20

Sapunaoa/Piu Village Infrastructure

Infrastructure

Best Solutions and Other Solutions Proposed

Other Benefits

Implementation Guidelines

• Village management of domestic sand mining
Responsibility: Village/DLSE

• All infrastructure

within CEHZ

• Village to share with government control over sand

mining activities.

• Identify a new sustainable source for domestic

sand in the vicinity

Responsibility: Village/DLSE

• All infrastructure

within CEHZ

• DLSE to investigate alternative sand sources in

consultation with Village.

• Prepare EIA into impacts of sand removal from identified

areas.

• To continue to consider building foundations at

a level that takes into account the CFHZ in the
vicinity of the building.

Responsibility: Village/Families/Churches

Village houses,
Women’s Committee
House, pre-school
and churches within
the CFHZ and CEHZ

• To relocate outside CEHZ and CFHZ when

buildings require replacement or to ensure
investment within the hazard zones is
considered in relation to the potential for
damage from coastal erosion and flooding.

Responsibility: Village/Families/Churches

• Village/Families/Churches to take note of Hazard maps

provided and to plan investment and structures
accordingly.

• To continue to consider building foundations at

a level that takes into account the CFHZ in the
vicinity of the building.

Responsibility: Village/MIA

Primary School
within the CFHZ

• To relocate outside CEHZ and CFHZ when

buildings require replacement or to ensure
investment within the hazard zones is
considered in relation to the potential for
damage from coastal erosion and flooding.

Responsibility: Village/MIA

• Village to take note of Hazard maps provided and to plan

investment and structures accordingly.

NOTE: Seawalls have also been considered in the assessment of solutions for Sapunaoa Village. The assessment shows that the cost of
building and maintaining the seawalls is 3 times the benefits they provide to the community.

Possible Village Solutions
Sapunaoa/Piu

Scale 1:10,000

KEY

CEHZ

Coastal Erosion Hazard Zone

CFHZ

Coastal Flood Hazard Zone

Roads and Tracks

P.S.

Pre-school

School

Women’s Committee House

Sapunaoa

Salesatele

CEHZ

CFHZ

Satalo

Church

P.S.

Bridge

South Coast Road

Vailoa Stream

Lagoon

Relocate buildings
outside CEHZ and
CFHZ when

i d

Build foundations
above flood levels

Identify sustainable
domestic sand

Village management of
domestic sand mining

Piu

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEM ENT PLAN FALEALILI DISTRICT

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

Page 22

Salesatele Village Infrastructure

Infrastructure

Best Solutions and Other Solutions Proposed

Other Benefits

Implementation Guidelines

• Village management of domestic sand mining
Responsibility: Village/DLSE

• All infrastructure

within CEHZ

• Village to share with government control over sand

mining activities.

• Identify a new sustainable source for domestic

sand in the vicinity

Responsibility: Village/DLSE

• All infrastructure

within CEHZ

• DLSE to investigate alternative sand sources in

consultation with Village.

• Prepare EIA into impacts of sand removal from identified

areas.

• To continue to consider building foundations at

a level that takes into account the CFHZ in the
vicinity of the building.

Responsibility: Village/Families

Village houses and
pre-school within the
CEHZ and CFHZ

• To relocate outside CEHZ and CFHZ when

buildings require replacement or to ensure
investment within the hazard zones is
considered in relation to the potential for
damage from coastal erosion and flooding.

Responsibility: Village/Families

• Village/Families to take note of Hazard maps provided

and to plan investment and structures accordingly.

• Build up higher and improve drainage to reduce

flooding.

Responsibility: Village/PWD

Coastal feeder road

• Provide drainage culverts and controlled

stormwater run-off areas to reduce scouring

Responsibility: Village/PWD

• Village

• Village and PWD to investigate drainage issue and agree

to a suitable resolution

NOTE: Seawalls have also been considered in the assessment of solutions for Salesatele Village. The assessment shows that the costs of
building and maintaining the seawalls is 7 times the benefits they provide to the community.

•

Possible Village Solutions
Salesatele

Scale 1:10,000

KEY

CEHZ

Coastal Erosion Hazard Zone

CFHZ

Coastal Flood Hazard Zone

Roads and Tracks

P.S.

Pre-school

School

Telecommunications tower

Sapunaoa

Salani

CEHZ

CFHZ

Salesatele

P.S.

Si’uniu

Lagoon

Bridge

Church

Relocate buildings
outside CEHZ and
CFHZ when

i d

Build foundations
above flood levels

Identify sustainable
domestic sand

Village management of
domestic sand mining

Build access roads
higher and improve

Provide drainage
culverts and improved
stormwater run-off

Manage the
construction of

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEM ENT PLAN FALEALILI DISTRICT

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

Page 26

Salani Village Infrastructure

Infrastructure

Best Solutions and Other Solutions Proposed

Other Benefits

Implementation Guidelines

• Village management of domestic sand mining
Responsibility: Village/DLSE

• All infrastructure

within CEHZ

• Village to share with government control over sand

mining activities.

Village houses,
primary school, pre-
school and Women’s
Committee House
within the CFHZ and
CEHZ

• Identify a new sustainable source for domestic

sand in the vicinity

Responsibility: Village/DLSE

• All infrastructure

within CEHZ

• DLSE to investigate alternative sand sources in

consultation with Village.

• Prepare EIA into impacts of sand removal from identified

areas.

• To continue to consider building foundations at

a level that takes into account the CFHZ in the
vicinity of the building.

Responsibility: Village/Families
• To relocate outside CEHZ and CFHZ when

buildings require replacement or to ensure
investment within the hazard zones is
considered in relation to the potential for
damage from coastal erosion and flooding.

Responsibility: Village/Families

• Village/Families to take note of Hazard maps provided

and to plan investment and structures accordingly.

• To relocate outside CEHZ and CFHZ when

buildings require replacement or to ensure
investment within the hazard zones is
considered in relation to the potential for
damage from coastal erosion and flooding.

Responsibility: Samoa Communications Ltd

Microwave relay
station

• Raise equipment boxes
Responsibility: Samoa Communications Ltd

• Samoa Communications Ltd to take note of Hazard maps

provided and to plan investment and structures
accordingly.

NOTE: Seawalls have also been considered in the assessment of solutions for Salani Village. The assessment shows that the cost of building
and maintaining the seawalls is 4 to 7 times the benefits they provide to the community, depending on where on the coast they are to be
provided.

Possible Village Solutions
Salani

Scale 1:10,000

KEY

CEHZ

Coastal Erosion Hazard Zone

CFHZ

Coastal Flood Hazard Zone

Roads and Tracks

Telecommunications Tower

Women’s Committee House

School

Utulaelae

Salani

CEHZ

CFHZ

Salesatele

Lagoon

Church

South Coast Road

Salani Surf
Resort

Reef Pass

Store

Fagatoloa Rive

Relocate buildings
outside CEHZ and
CFHZ when

i d

Build foundations
above flood levels

Identify sustainable
domestic sand

Village management of
domestic sand mining

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEM ENT PLAN FALEALILI DISTRICT

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

Page 28

Sapo’e Village Infrastructure

Infrastructure

Best Solutions and Other Solutions Proposed

Other Benefits

Implementation Guidelines

• Village management of domestic sand mining.

Responsibility: Village/DLSE

• All infrastructure

within CEHZ

• Village to share with government control over sand

mining activities.

• Identify a new sustainable source for domestic

sand in the vicinity.

Responsibility: Village/DLSE

• All infrastructure

within CEHZ

• Identify specific sites for near shore sustainable sand

mining to meet commercial demand without depleting
coastal resources.

• Prepare Environmental Impact Assessments for identified

sites.

• Undertake consultation with villages affected by the

proposed sand mining.

• To continue to consider building foundations at

a level that takes into account the CFHZ in the
vicinity of the building.

Responsibility: Village/Families

Village houses in
CEHZ and CFHZ.

• To relocate outside CEHZ and CFHZ when

buildings require replacement or to ensure
investment within the hazard zones is
considered in relation to the potential for
damage from coastal erosion and flooding.

Responsibility: Village/Families

• Village/Families to take note of Hazard maps provided

and to plan investment and structures accordingly.

• To continue to consider building foundations at

a level that takes into account the CFHZ in the
vicinity of the building.

Responsibility: Village/Families

Village houses,
churches and Primary
School in CFHZ.

• To relocate outside CEHZ and CFHZ when

buildings require replacement or to ensure
investment within the hazard zones is
considered in relation to the potential for
damage from coastal erosion and flooding.

Responsibility: Village/Families

• Village/Families to take note of Hazard maps provided

and to plan investment and structures accordingly.

Beach fales

• Ensure investment is considered in relation to

the potential for damage from cyclones

Responsibility: Families/Tourist operators
• Ensure support structures such as kitchens,

ablutions and dining fales are as far from the
beach as possible, preferably outside the CEHZ.

Responsibility: Families/Tourist operators

• Families and tourist operators to take note of Hazard

maps provided and to plan investment and structures
accordingly.

Possible Village Solutions
Sapo’e

Scale 1:10,000

KEY

CEHZ

Coastal Erosion Hazard Zone

CFHZ

Coastal Flood Hazard Zone

Roads and Tracks

School

Sapo’e

Salani

CEHZ

CFHZ

Utulaelae

Fagatoloa Rive

Lagoon

Church

Beach fales

Church

Relocate buildings
outside CEHZ and
CFHZ when

i d

Build foundations
above flood levels

Identify sustainable
domestic sand

Village management of
domestic sand mining