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COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT PLAN FAASALELEAGA I DISTRICT

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

Table of Contents

Introduction to the CIM Plan

Implementation Guidelines

Participants in the Plan

Faasaleleaga I District Infrastructure

Salelologa Township Infrastructure

Salelologa Village Infrastructure

Salelavalu Village Infrastructure

‘Iva Village Infrastructure

Vai’afai Village Infrastructure

Vaisaulu Village Infrastructure

Lalomalava Village Infrastructure

Safua Village Infrastructure

G l o s s a r y

Coastal Hazard Zones

–

Defined areas landward of the coast which are or are considered likely to be subject to the effects of hazards
over a defined assessment period. In this study, reference is made to four coastal hazard zones: ASCHs (areas
sensitive to coastal hazards); CEHZs (coastal erosion hazard zones); CFHZs (coastal flood hazard zones) and
CLHZs (coastal landslip hazard zones).

“Do Minimum” option -

A Management option that involves continuing with the present maintenance and upgrading programme on
an as and when required basis.

Hazard -

A source of potential harm or a situation with a potential to cause loss.

Infrastructure

–

Built structures and networks which support the national, regional or local community.

Lifeline infrastructure

Infrastructure that contributes directly to the survival of the community and its ability to respond and
recover at the time of extreme events.

Secondary infrastructure

Infrastructure that contributes to the every-day development of the community.

Implementation Guidelines

– A document to guide land use and resource practices to achieve specified goals, objectives and policies and

provide a framework for the implementation of defences and works.

Issue

–

A specific concern regarding both cause and effect.

Land and Resource Use

–

The use of land and resources by the community for social, economic or other benefit (e.g. land use includes
areas used for villages or crops, resource use includes activities such as sand mining, gravel extraction or
fishing).

Monitoring

–

Process of measuring the effectiveness or impacts of projects and works against predicted standards, levels or
outcomes.

Resilience

The ability to be adaptive, responsive and quick to recover.

Community Resilience

–

The ability for the community to be adaptive, responsive and quick to recover from the adverse effects
of hazard.

Natural Resilience

–

The ability of natural systems to be adaptive, responsive and quick to recover from coastal processes
or hazards.

Risk

–

The chance of something happening that will have an impact on objectives. It is measured in terms of
consequence and likelihood. In the Coastal Infrastructure Management Plan context it is the likelihood that
infrastructure will be subject to coastal hazards and the potential for loss of property, life or land due to
natural processes.

Stakeholders -

Those people and organisations who may affect, be affected by, or perceive themselves to be affected by, a
decision or activity. The term stakeholder may also include interested parties.

Strategy

–

Direction or course of action to achieve a defined vision.

Susceptibility

The degree to which infrastructure at risk is likely to be damaged by coastal hazards and how easy/difficult,
expensive/cheap it is to replace. In the context of the CIM Plan the term susceptibility is equivalent to the
term vulnerability as the Samoan phrase for both susceptibility and vulnerability is the same.

Vision

–

A desired destiny.

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT PLAN FAASALELEAGA I DISTRICT

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

Page i

Introduction to the CIM Plan

T h e S t r a t e g i c V i s i o n

The District Coastal Infrastructure Management (CIM) Plan for Faasaleleaga I District has been prepared as part of the Government of
Samoa’s Infrastructure Asset Management Programme (IAMP). The CIM Plan is one of the primary means of implementing the CIM
Strategy, which was formally approved by the Government of Samoa in February, 2001, as providing the Strategic direction for the
management of infrastructure (both public and private) within the coastal area.

The Strategy has as its central vision “Resilience – Coastal Infrastructure and Communities Resilient to Natural Hazards”. The CIM Plan
takes this vision and provides the practical tools with which the communities and the government, in partnership, can implement the
Strategy.

To be resilient is to be adaptive, responsive and quick to recover so that communities are environmentally, socially and economically

sustainable.

(CIM Strategy, January 2001).

T h e A i m o f t h e C I M P l a n

The Aim of the CIM Plan is to help communities and government improve resilience by identifying actions and solutions. Not all the
solutions may be actioned immediately but the plan will ensure that issues and options are identified for the long-term improvement in
resilience of both infrastructure and communities.

The CIM Plan will:

1. Improve the community’s awareness of coastal hazard risks;

2. Enable the community and infrastructure providers to reduce coastal hazard risks in villages;

3. Enable the community and infrastructure providers to better adapt, respond and recover from cyclones.

S t r u c t u r e o f t h e P l a n

The CIM Plan consists of two parts each serving a separate and distinct purpose.

•

Plan Development

, which describes the process undertaken in preparing the CIM Plan in conjunction with representatives of the

Communities involved and the Government and other stakeholders with interests in the Plan area.

•

Implementation Guidelines

, which describes the Plans and Actions recommended as outcomes of the process, together with the partner

responsible for implementing these outcomes. The participants of the CIM Plan preparation process are acknowledged in the
Implementation Guidelines

Implementation Guidelines

P u r p o s e o f t h e I m p l e m e n t a t i o n G u i d e l i n e s

The Implementation Guidelines describe the solutions proposed that will increase the resilience of the villages in the Plan area and the ways
these solutions can be implemented. The solutions are presented for each of the infrastructure items that have moderate to low resilience.
Where one solution will provide benefits to other items of infrastructure these “Other Benefits” are also noted. Implementation is
considered to be the joint responsibility of both the villages and the government in partnership. The government is responsible for the
provision of national and district “Public”, infrastructure, while villages are responsible for local and community infrastructure. The
responsibility for implementing the proposed actions is also defined. Solutions for both District infrastructure and Village infrastructure,
and the responsibility of both partners, should be considered together as they combine to provide for the integrated management of all
coastal infrastructure.

The solutions for village infrastructure will usually be the responsibility of the Village and Families in the village to implement. Advice and
resources may be available from government to assist the village in implementing these solutions. In most situations these solutions will also
provide benefits to both village and district infrastructure and should be considered an integral part of managing coastal infrastructure at
both levels.

D u r a t i o n o f t h e P l a n

The CIM Plan should be reviewed at five-yearly intervals. During the Plan period, the solutions implemented will be monitored to ensure
that they are effective in improving resilience. Some solutions are likely to take longer than five years to implement and the review will take
the progress of these into account.

The review of the Implementation Guidelines and the solutions proposed will be undertaken:

As part of the Five-yearly CIM Plan review programme.

Once implemented, the solutions will be monitored on either an annual or five-yearly basis to check the effectiveness of the solution.
Detailed implementation of the solution will determine the monitoring requirements and Key Performance Indicators.

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT PLAN FAASALELEAGA I DISTRICT

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

Page ii

Participants in the Plan

The CIM Plan is a Partnership between the Government of Samoa and the villages within the Plan area. Both partners have responsibility
for different levels of infrastructure in the local communities and the Plan gives an integrated approach to the provision of services and
improvement of resilience now and in the future.

This Plan incorporates the Faipule District of Faasaleleaga I.

The Committee for the Faipule District of Faasaleleaga I, confirms the participation of the Villages in the preparation of this Coastal
Infrastructure Management Plan for Faasaleleaga I District in partnership with the Government of Samoa and its adoption as a Management
Plan for the implementation of the Coastal Infrastructure Management Strategy.

Village Meetings:

Village Representatives:

•

Salelologa

6 May 2002

•

Salelavalu

7 May 2002

•

‘Iva

8 May 2002

•

Vai’afai

9 May 2002

•

Vaisaulu

10 May 2002

•

Lalomalava

10 May 2002

•

Safua

10 May 2002

The CIM Plan Committee representing all of the Villages in the area met on 11 June 2002.
Comments on the draft CIM Plan were received from the Committee on 17 July, 2002.

Government Departments and Corporations:

•

Department of Lands, Survey and Environment

•

Ministry of Internal Affairs

•

Treasury Department

•

Ministry of Works

The Department of Lands, Survey and Environment, as lead Department of
Government, on behalf of the participating Government Departments and
Corporations, confirms the participation of the Government of Samoa in the
preparation of this Coastal Infrastructure Management Plan and its adoption as a
Management Plan for the implementation of the Coastal Infrastructure
Management Strategy.

•

Samoa Water Authority

•

Electric Power Corporation

Signed:

•

Samoa Communications Ltd

Director of Lands Survey and Environment

•

Samoa Land Corporation

Date:

Stakeholders representing businesses and institutions in Salelologa Township:

A meeting was held with stakeholders in businesses and institutions in Salelologa Township on 22 May 2002.

The Government of Samoa adopts the Coastal Infrastructure Management Plan for the Faipule District of Faasaleleaga I as a Management
Plan for the implementation of the Coastal Infrastructure Management Strategy (CIMS).

Signed:

Minister of Lands, Survey and Environment, Government of Samoa

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT PLAN FAASALELEAGA I DISTRICT

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

Page 1

1 Faasaleleaga I District Infrastructure

Infrastructure

Best Solutions and Other Solutions Proposed

Other Benefits Implementation Guidelines

•

To provide protection in front of the pool and Women’s

Committee House at Safua.
Length of seawall

40 m

Design period

50 years

Estimated cost

$T16,000

Benefit/cost ratio

2.12

•

To provide protection in front of the northern pool at

‘Iva
Length of wall

40m

Estimated cost

$T16,000

Benefit/cost ratio

0.86.

•

To implement regular drainage inspection programme
in the District and to ensure that maintenance is
undertaken regularly.

•

To undertake a local education programme on the
importance of maintaining drains.

•

Upgrade drainage culverts where required under Main
Road.

Responsibility: Ministry of Works

•

Prepare Environmental Impact Assessment for the
suggested solution in accordance with Step 6 of the CIM
Strategy Evaluation Model.

•

Prepare Environmental Impact Assessment for the
suggested solution in accordance with Step 6 of the CIM
Strategy Evaluation Model.

•

Undertake inspection of culverts along Main Road.

•

Identify areas of flooding along Main Road and arrange
programme for remedying problem including upgrading
culverts and clearing/maintaining roadside drains.
Flooding is particularly evident at Vai’afai.

•

Implement education programme on importance of
maintaining roadside drains.

Main Road

•

To plant and protect mangroves in the inlets
encroaching on the road.

Responsibility: Department of Lands, Survey and
Environment/Villages

•

Joint responsibility of the partners to prepare planting
programme.

•

Ensure newly planted areas are fenced and protected from
intrusion by domestic animals.

Coastal Road at
Salelavalu

•

To implement a regular inspection programme for the
road edge and to ensure that maintenance is
undertaken regularly.

Responsibility: Ministry of Works

•

Undertake regular inspection and maintenance of Coastal
Road.

Local electricity
and telephone
lines

•

Provision of underground electricity and telephone
lines.

Responsibility: Samoa Communications Ltd

•

Include provision for underground telephone lines where
practical and feasible in future programmes.

•

Provide an upgraded mobile telephone network

Responsibility: Samoa Communications Ltd

•

Include provision for expansion of mobile telephone
network in future programmes.

•

Avoid co-location of electricity and telephone lines on
the same poles.

Responsibility: Samoa Communications Ltd/ Electric
Power Corporation

•

Samoa Communications Ltd and Electric Power
Corporation to co-ordinate local overhead networks to
avoid co-location of lines.

Lagoon and Reef
System

•

Provide a network sewage collection and treatment
system for Salelologa Township and the nearby
villages.

Responsibility: Department of Lands, Survey and
Environment

•

Water

•

Electricity

•

Telephone

•

Village
houses

•

Prepare feasibility study and Environmental Impact
Assessment for suggested solution in accordance with the
CIM Strategy Evaluation Model Step 6.

•

Implement recommendations of the Study.

All infrastructure

•

Government to identify alternative sustainable sources
of sand for commercial supply.

•

Government and villages to manage reclamation
processes.

Responsibility: Department of Lands, Survey and
Environment/Villages

•

District

•

Identify specific sites for near shore sustainable sand
mining to meet commercial demand without depleting
coastal resources.

•

Prepare Environmental Impact Assessments for identified
sites.

•

Undertake consultation with villages affected by the
proposed sand mining.

•

Village/DLSE to apply permit process to applications for
reclamations.

•

Applicants to prepare Environmental Impact Assessment
for approval before reclamation commences.

•

Ensure that new development is undertaken in accordance
with an environmental impact assessment that takes into
account coastal vegetation and the maintenance of
biodiversity.

Coastal
Mangroves

•

Encourage the replanting of mangroves and other
vegetation in areas currently eroding and provide
protection of these areas from domestic animals.

•

Establishment of a reserve area at the southern end of
the coastal road around the Salelavalu Headland.

Responsibility: Department of Lands, Survey and
Environment/Villages

•

District

•

Identify suitable reserve areas in consultation with
Salelavalu residents.

•

Implement education and other programmes for the
establishment and protection of vegetation in coastal areas.

Note: Refer to Maps to see proposed alignments and locations of intervention solutions.

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT PLAN FAASALELEAGA I DISTRICT

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F u r t h e r I s s u e s R a i s e d D u r i n g t h e C I M P l a n P r o c e s s

The following issues have been raised in consultation but fall outside the scope of the CIM Plan as they relate to infrastructure that falls
outside the coastal area or is not at risk from coastal hazards. The issues are recorded for further investigation by the responsible agencies
so that they may programme a suitable response as part of their Annual Plan and budget processes.

Issue

Responsibility

Comment

Main Road Ford

Ministry of Works

The ford north of Safua is constraining flow along the Safua Stream potentially making inland
flooding worse upstream. It is located in Faasaleleaga II District and may be considered in the CIM Plan
for that District.

The issue is recorded as an item for further investigation by the appropriate agencies.

Main Road at Safua

Ministry of Works

The relocation of the Main Road at Safua was considered and rejected because of the potential
social impact and disruption caused by the proposed reconstruction.

Main Road at ‘Iva,
Vai’afai, Vaisaulu

Ministry of Works

The vertical alignment of the Main Road at ‘Iva limits sight-lines and causes a safety problem. The
provision of footpaths was suggested as a possible solution to improving safety in this area.
This issue is recorded for appropriate action by the Ministry of Works.

Coastal road at
Salelavalu

Ministry of Works

The area of road currently protected by a low seawall is subject to flooding. Increasing the height
of the seawall will not protect the road from flooding and is likely to limit drainage increasing the
time flood waters remain on the road. Increasing the height of the road is not considered necessary
as there is alternative access available to either end of the likely flood area. The road itself will
remain protected by the seawall and when drained is likely to remain in good condition.
An assessment has been made for the provision of a 50-year design seawall along the north coast
of the Salelavalu headland. There is little infrastructure in the CEHZ in this area (one house, a
pool and the road itself). It is also a hard coast eroding at an average rate of about 0.1 – 0.2 m per
year. The economic assessment is:
Estimated length of seawall

380m

Estimated cost of seawall

$T150,000

Benefit/Cost ratio

0.09

The cost of constructing and maintaining the seawall over a 20 year period is 11 times more than
the benefits it provides. It is more cost-effective to provide targeted protection for specific “at-risk”
infrastructure, such as the pools, than to try to protect the whole length of the coast-line.

Sand Mining Permits Department of Lands and

Survey

Since the transfer of responsibilities to process sand mining permits from Ministry of Works to
DLSE paper work necessary to obtain the permits has been processed in Apia. This has led to an
increase in costs to the applicants the outcome of which could be an increase in unpermitted
activity
The issue is recorded as an item for further investigation by DLSE.

Main Water Supply

Samoa Water Authority

The provision of a reliable supply of water for domestic use is necessary for the health and safety of
the community. Concerns were raised about the reliability of the current supply. The existing
water supply and distribution networks are not at risk from coastal hazards and therefore the
issue lies outside the scope of this Coastal Infrastructure Management Plan.
The issue is currently being addressed through the Rural Water Supply Project..

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT PLAN FAASALELEAGA I DISTRICT

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

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Possible Solutions
Faasaleleaga I District

Scale 1:25,000

KEY

CEHZ

Coastal Erosion Hazard Zone

CFHZ

Coastal Flood Hazard Zone

Roads and Tracks

Built up area

Faasaleleaga II

Malaeta

Foua

Main Road

Government and village
management of reclamation
processes

Provide a network sewage
collection .and treatment system
for Salelologa Township and
nearby villages

Implement regular drainage inspections
and undertake maintenance along Main
Road

Avoid co-location of electricity and
telephone lines on the same poles

Identify suitable
alternative sources of
sand

Undertake education campaign
on the importance of
maintaining drains.

Provide an upgraded
mobile phone network

Provision of underground
electricity and tel ephone lines

To provide protection in front of the pool
and Women’s Committee House at
Safua. Benefit/cost ratio = 2.12

Upgrade culverts where
required along Main Road

Encourage the replanting of
mangroves in areas currently eroding
and protect from domestic animals.

Prince Edward Park
and District School

Saletagaloa

Safua

Lalomalav
a

Vaisaul
u

Vai’afai

‘Iva

Salelavalu

Salelologa
Township

Faasaleleaga I

Lagoon

Salelologa Wharf

CEHZ

CFHZ

Sapulu

Satalafai

Falefia

To provide protection in
front of the pool at ‘Iva.
Benefit/cost ratio = 2.12

Papaloa

Salelologa
Village

Built up area

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT PLAN FAASALELEAGA I DISTRICT

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2 Salelologa Township Infrastructure

A meeting was held with stakeholders in businesses and institutions in Salelologa Township on 22 May 2002. The following section identifies
infrastructure in the existing Township, solutions relevant to that infrastructure and other issues/solutions suggested by the stakeholders.

Infrastructure

Best Solutions and Other Solutions Proposed

Other Benefits Implementation Guidelines

Infrastructure in
the CEHZ and/or
the CFHZ

•

To relocate outside CEHZ and CFHZ when buildings require
replacement

•

To ensure investment within the hazard zones is considered in
relation to the potential for damage from coastal erosion and
flooding.

•

To continue to consider building foundations at a level that
takes into account the CFHZ in the vicinity of buildings.

Responsibility: Government Departments/Commercial Operators/
Village

•

Commercial/Government/Village decision
when building to provide long-term protection
from coastal hazards.

•

Commercial/Government/Village decision to
relocate in the long-term or when building
new premises.

•

To prepare a comprehensive integrated
development plan for new areas of Salelologa
including Government and village owned
land.

•

To ensure that future development takes into account the
potential for damage indicated by the Coastal Hazard Zones

Responsibility: Ministry of Works

•

Lagoon and
reef systems

•

Consideration to be made when authorising
building permits in the Coastal Hazard zones.

All infrastructure

•

To provide facilities for the disposal of waste from commercial
and industrial activities.

•

To provide areas better suited to the establishment of industrial
activities in accordance with a comprehensive development
plan.

Responsibility: Department of Lands, Survey and Environment

•

To investigate with industrial and commercial
operators methods of disposing of industrial
and commercial waste.

•

To prepare a comprehensive integrated
development plan for new areas of Salelologa
to identify suitable areas for industrial
development.

F u r t h e r I s s u e s R a i s e d D u r i n g t h e C I M P l a n P r o c e s s

The following issues have been raised in consultation with stakeholders in Salelologa Township but fall outside the scope of the CIM Plan as they relate to
infrastructure that falls outside the coastal area or is not at risk from coastal hazards. The issues are recorded for further investigation by the responsible
agencies so that they may programme a suitable response as part of their Annual Plan and budget processes.

Issue

Responsibility

Comment

Co-ordinating environmental
advisory activities between
Departments

Department of Lands
Survey and
Environment

The implementation of these recommendations from the CIM Strategy promotes education and
awareness parallel to the implementation of the solutions suggested in the CIM Plan.
The issues are recorded as items for further investigation and implementation by DLSE.

Promoting environmental
awareness as the primary part of
the village beautification
programme

Provision of seawalls to protect
private assets in the CEHZ

Commercial
Operators

Consideration of seawall protection for private development has not been made in the Plan
because this is an investment decision that can only be made by the commercial developer. The
investment should be considered against the potential for returns that protection might give.

Wharf Road

Ministry of Works

Provide a safety rail along those lengths of the road that are above the surrounding ground level
by more than 1 m. The provision of a safety rail does not improve resilience of infrastructure in
the coastal hazard zones but has been raised in consultation and is recorded as a matter for
action by the Ministry of Works.

Pool

Salelologa
Community

Provide protection and develop the freshwater pool. There are no improvements currently at the
pool. Development of future improvements should take into account its location in the coastal
hazard zones.

KEY

CEHZ

Coastal Erosion Hazard Zone

CFHZ

Coastal Flood Hazard Zone

Roads and Tracks

Built up area

To ensure investment in the
hazard zones is considered in
relation to the potential for
damage.

To relocate outside CFHZ and
CEHZ when replacement
required

To ensure that future development takes
into account the potential for damage
indicated on the hazard maps.

Samoa Water Authority.
Depot

Salelologa
Wharf.

Church.

To build foundations to take
into account flood potential.

Possible Solutions
Salelologa Township

Scale 1:15,000

CFH
Z

Main Road

Lagoon

Ferry Route
to Upolu

Ministry of
Works Depot

Wharf Road

CEHZ

MIA
Offices

Bluebird
Mall

Market

Salelologa
Township

Supermarket

ANZ Bank

Transport Control
Board and Fire Engine

Tafua Peninsula and
Conservation Area

Bus Terminal

Bus Park

No safety rail on road

Ministry of
Women’s Affairs

Westpac Bank

CCK Store

Library

National Provident Fund

Hotel

Pool

Stores

Motel

Vailima
Depot

Church
School

Petrol Station

To prepare a comprehensive, integrated
development plan for the future development
of Salelologa Township.

Built up area

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT PLAN FAASALELEAGA I DISTRICT

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3 Salelologa Village Infrastructure

Infrastructure

Best Solutions and Other Solutions Proposed

Other Benefits Implementation Guidelines

•

Identify a new sustainable source for domestic sand in the
vicinity.

Responsibility: DLSE

•

Identify specific sites for near shore
sustainable sand mining to meet commercial
demand without depleting coastal resources.

•

Prepare Environmental Impact Assessments
for identified sites.

•

Undertake consultation with villages affected
by the proposed sand mining.

•

To relocate outside CEHZ and CFHZ when buildings require
replacement

•

To ensure investment within the hazard zones is considered
in relation to the potential for damage from coastal erosion
and flooding

Responsibility: Village/Families

•

Family decision when building to provide
long-term protection from coastal hazards.

•

Village/Family decision to relocate in the
long-term or when building new houses.

•

To provide for reclamations only after completion of an
Environmental Impact Assessment and an appropriate
permitting process

Responsibility: DLSE/Village

•

Village/DLSE to apply permit process to
applications for reclamations.

•

Applicants to prepare Environmental Impact
Assessment for approval before reclamation
commences.

•

To ensure important village pools (five) are properly
maintained and adequately protected with a seawall.
Length of seawall protection 40m
Cost of 50-year design seawall $T16,000
Benefit/Cost ratio

1.07

Responsibility: Ministry of Works/Village/Families

•

Village to maintain pools as necessary.

•

Prepare EIA for the provision of protection
around the pools in accordance with technical
advice from MoW.

•

Investigate the source of funds to build the
walls.

•

Build walls in accordance with EIA
recommendations and approved building
permits

Village houses,
pools, Women’s
Committee Houses
and reclamations
in both the CEHZ
and CFHZ

•

To continue planting trees and other vegetation in coastal
areas and to enable this vegetation to survive.

Responsibility: Village/Families

•

Village/Families to recognise the role that
vegetation plays in stabilising coastal areas.

•

Areas of accretion to be planted as soon as
practicable with suitable coastal species.

Village houses in
the CFHZ

•

To continue to consider building foundations at a level that
takes into account the CFHZ in the vicinity of buildings.

•

To relocate outside CFHZ when buildings require replacement

Responsibility: Village/Families

•

Family decision when building to provide
long-term protection from flooding.

•

Village/Family decision to relocate in the
long-term or when building new houses.

NOTE: Seawalls have also been considered in the assessment of solutions for Salelologa Village. The assessment shows that the cost of
building and maintaining a seawall the length of the village is one hundred times the benefits it provides to the community. It is more
effective to provide a targeted response to specific areas at risk such as the pools identified.

KEY

CEHZ

Coastal Erosion Hazard Zone

CFHZ

Coastal Flood Hazard Zone

Roads and Tracks

Built up area

Seawall Protection around
pools

School

Pool

Women’s Committee House

Church

CEHZ

Lagoon

Satalafai

P..

Main Road

To maintain and protect
important village pools

To relocate outside the hazard
zones as and when required.

Identify a sustainable source
of sand in the vicinity.

To continue to plant trees and
other vegetation in coastal
areas.

To provide for reclamations after
completion of an EIA and permitting
process.

Possible Solutions
Salelologa Village

Scale 1:15,000

CFHZ

To ensure investment in the hazard zones
is considered in relation to the potential
damage.

To continue to build foundations at a
level that takes into account the
flood hazard in the vicinity.

P..

Sapulu

Malaeta

Falefia

Foua

Saletagaloa

Salelologa
Village

Papaloa

To ensure village pools are
adequately maintained and protected.
(Indicative position only.)

Built up area

P..

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4 Salelavalu Village Infrastructure

Infrastructure

Best Solutions and Other Solutions Proposed

Other Benefits Implementation Guidelines

•

Identify a new sustainable source for domestic sand in the
vicinity.

Responsibility: DLSE

•

Identify specific sites for near shore sustainable
sand mining to meet commercial demand
without depleting coastal resources.

•

Prepare Environmental Impact Assessments for
identified sites.

•

Undertake consultation with villages affected
by the proposed sand mining.

Village houses,
pool, church and
tourism
development in
CEHZ and CFHZ

•

To continue to consider building foundations at a level that
takes into account the CFHZ in the vicinity of buildings.

•

To relocate outside CEHZ and CFHZ when buildings require
replacement
Best long-term solution

•

To ensure investment within the hazard zones is considered
in relation to the potential for damage from coastal erosion
and flooding

•

To continue planting mangroves and other vegetation in
coastal areas and to enable this vegetation to survive.

•

To provide targeted protection for the pool.
Length of seawall protection 40m
Estimated cost

$T16,000

Benefit/cost ratio

0.80

Responsibility: Ministry of Works/Village/Families

•

Family decision when building to provide long-
term protection from coastal hazards.

•

Village/Family decision to relocate in the long-
term or when building new houses.

•

Village/Families to recognise the role that
vegetation plays in stabilising coastal areas.

•

Areas of accretion to be planted as soon as
practicable with suitable coastal species.

•

Prepare EIA for the provision of protection
around the pools in accordance with technical
advice from MoW.

•

Investigate the source of funds to build the
walls.

•

Build walls in accordance with EIA
recommendations and approved building
permits

Coastal Mangroves

•

Establishment of a reserve for coastal mangroves at the
southern end of the coastal road around the Salelavalu
headland

Responsibility: Department of Lands, Survey and Environment/
Village

•

DLSE in consultation with the village to
prepare a management plan for the coastal
reserve area. (See Section 1)

NOTE: The provision of two 50-year design seawalls has been considered as part of this assessment. One 380 m long along the north coast
of the headland and the second 170 m long on the east coast of the headland opposite the church. The cost of the first is $T155,000 and the
cost for the second is $T69,000. The benefit/cost ratio for each is 0.09, which means that the costs are eleven times the benefits it provides
compared to the do minimum option. It is more effective to provide a targeted response to specific areas at risk such as the pools identified.

Upgrading the work road was raised in consultation. The work road lies outside the coastal hazard area and upgrading and maintenance is
an issue that must be addressed outside of the CIM Plan by the village and road users with technical assistance from the Ministry of Works.

KEY

CEHZ

Coastal Erosion Hazard Zone

CFHZ

Coastal Flood Hazard Zone

Roads and Tracks

Built up area

School

Church

Pool

Possible Solutions
Salelavalu Village

Scale 1:15,000

Lagoon

Main Road

Reef break

CFHZ

CEHZ

Salelavalu

To relocate outside the hazard
zones as and when required.

To identify a sustainable
source of sand in the vicinity.

To plant trees and other
vegetation in coastal areas.

To build foundations to take
into account flood potential.

To ensure investment in the
hazard zones is considered in
relation to the potential damage.

To provide targeted
protection for the pool.

To provide a coastal reserve
to protect mangroves and the
coast in this area.

Built up area

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT PLAN FAASALELEAGA I DISTRICT

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

Page 11

5 ‘Iva Village Infrastructure

Infrastructure

Best Solutions and Other Solutions Proposed

Other Benefits

Implementation Guidelines

Primary school and
toilets

•

To relocate outside of the CEHZ and CFHZ in
the short-term future.

Best long-term solution.
Responsibility: Village/Families

•

‘Iva and Vaia’fai villages to identify possible sites
for a new school outside the CEHZ and CFHZ.

•

Investigate source of funds to relocate the school.

•

Prepare EIA for construction of the school at the new
site.

•

Build school in accordance with EIA
recommendations and an approved building permit.

Village Pools

•

To provide targeted protection for the Pools.
Southern Pool
Length of wall

40m

Estimated cost

$T16,000

Benefit/cost ratio

0.80

Northern Pool (see Section 1)
Length of wall

40m

Estimated cost

$T16,000

Benefit/cost ratio

0.86

Responsibility: Ministry of Works/Village

•

Village to manage activities around the pool to limit
the potential for contamination.

•

Prepare EIA for the provision of protection around
the pools in accordance with technical advice from
MoW.

•

Investigate the source of funds to build the walls.

•

Build walls in accordance with EIA
recommendations and approved building permits

All village
infrastructure

•

Identify a new sustainable source for domestic
sand in the vicinity.

Responsibility: Village/DLSE

•

Identify specific sites for near shore sustainable
sand mining to meet commercial demand without
depleting coastal resources.

•

Prepare Environmental Impact Assessments for
identified sites.

•

Undertake consultation with villages affected by the
proposed sand mining.

•

To continue to consider building foundations at
a level that takes into account the CFHZ in the
vicinity of buildings.

•

To relocate outside CEHZ and CFHZ when
buildings require replacement
Best long-term solution

•

To ensure investment within the hazard zones is
considered in relation to the potential for
damage from coastal erosion and flooding

•

To continue planting vegetation in coastal areas
and to enable this vegetation to survive.

Responsibility: Village/Families

•

Family decision when building to provide long-term
protection from coastal hazards.

•

Village/Family decision to relocate in the long-term
or when building new houses.

•

Village/Families to recognise the role that
vegetation plays in stabilising coastal areas.

•

Areas of accretion to be planted as soon as
practicable with suitable coastal species.

NOTE: An Economic Assessment of a 50-year design seawall in front of the school indicates that the cost of providing the seawall is about 3
times the benefit it would provide. The seawall would also not protect the buildings from flood hazard.
Length of suggested seawall

200 m

Estimated cost

$T81,000

Benefit/cost ratio

0.36

Seawalls have also been assessed along the northern coast of the village and to the south. The benefit/cost ratios of these are 0.13 for the
northern seawall and 0.26 for the southern seawall. It is more effective to provide a targeted response to specific areas at risk such as the
pools identified.

Possible Solutions
‘Iva Village

Scale 1:10,000

KEY

CEHZ

Coastal Erosion Hazard Zone

CFHZ

Coastal Flood Hazard Zone

Roads and Tracks

Built up area

School

Pool

Church

CEHZ

CFHZ

Identify a new sustainable source
for domestic sand in the vicinity.

To continue to consider building
foundations to take into account the
potential flood hazard

‘Iva

Lagoon

Main Road

To relocate outside the
CFHZ and CEHZ.

Relocate Primary School outside
the coastal hazard zones.

Prince Edward Park
and District School

To ensure investment in the hazard
zones is considered in relation to the
potential for damage from coastal

To continue planting vegetation in
coastal areas and protect young plants
from domestic animals

Targeted protection for village pools

Built up area

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT PLAN FAASALELEAGA I DISTRICT

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

Page 13

6 Vai’afai Village Infrastructure

Infrastructure

Best Solutions and Other Solutions Proposed

Other Benefits

Implementation Guidelines

Village Pools

•

To provide a seawall to strengthen the protection

for the pools.
Length of seawall

40 m

Design Period

50 years

Estimated cost

$T16,000

Benefit/cost ratio

1.00

Responsibility: Ministry of Works/Village

•

Prepare EIA for the provision of protection around
the pools in accordance with technical advice from
MoW.

•

Investigate potential sources of funds to complete
the project.

•

Build in accordance with EIA recommendations and
an approved building permit.

Houses and
reclamations in the
CEHZ and CFHZ

•

Identify a new sustainable source for domestic
sand in the vicinity.

Responsibility: DLSE

•

Identify specific sites for near shore sustainable
sand mining to meet commercial demand without
depleting coastal resources.

•

Prepare Environmental Impact Assessments for
identified sites.

•

Undertake consultation with villages affected by the
proposed sand mining.

•

To continue to consider building foundations at
a level that takes into account the CFHZ in the
vicinity of buildings.

•

To relocate outside CEHZ and CFHZ when
buildings require replacement
Best long-term solution

•

To ensure investment within the hazard zones is
considered in relation to the potential for
damage from coastal erosion and flooding

•

To continue planting vegetation in coastal areas
and to enable this vegetation to survive.

•

To relocate first aid box to a safe location.

Responsibility: Village/Families

•

Family decision when building to provide long-term
protection from coastal hazards.

•

Village/Family decision to relocate in the long-term
or when building new houses.

•

Village/Families to recognise the role that
vegetation plays in stabilising coastal areas.

•

Areas of accretion to be planted as soon as
practicable with suitable coastal species.

•

Village/Families to identify safe location for first aid
box and relocate as soon as practicable.

•

To provide for reclamations only after
completion of an assessment of effects and an
appropriate permitting process.

Responsibility: Village/DLSE

•

Village/DLSE to apply permit process to
applications for reclamations.

•

Applicants to prepare Environmental Impact
Assessment for approval before reclamation
commences.

NOTE: Consideration has also been given to upgrading inland work roads to provide for relocation. The benefit/cost ratio for a full
upgrade is 0.05 and for a partial upgrade to a lesser standard is 0.21. This indicates that upgrading the work roads is not cost-effective at
this time. Consideration has also been given to the provision of seawalls along the coast to the north and south of the village pools. The
benefit/cost ratio of these seawalls is 0.30 indicating that the cost of construction and maintenance is about three times the benefits they
provide. It is more effective to provide a targeted response to specific areas at risk such as the pool identified.

The relocation of the primary school at ‘Iva is considered in Section 5 above. It is considered to be the Best long-term solution to the
potential for risk from erosion and flooding in this location.

Drainage along the Main Road is considered as a District Issue in Section 1.

KEY

CEHZ

Coastal Erosion Hazard Zone

CFHZ

Coastal Flood Hazard Zone

Roads and Tracks

Built up area

Women’s Committee House

Pool

Possible Solutions
Vai’afai Village

Scale 1:10,000

CEHZ

CFHZ

Identify a new sustainable source
for domestic sand in the vicinity.

To continue to consider
building foundations to take into
account the potential flood
hazard

‘Vai’afai

Lagoon

Main Road

To relocate outside the
CFHZ and CEHZ.

To provide for reclamations only
after an EIA and permit process.

To ensure investment in the hazard
zones is considered in relation to the
potential for damage from coastal

To continue planting vegetation in
coastal areas and protect young plants
from domestic animals

To provide a seawall to strengthen the
protection of the pools.

Built up area

Clear and maintain drains
(see Section 1)

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT PLAN FAASALELEAGA I DISTRICT

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

Page 15

7 Vaisaulu Village Infrastructure

Infrastructure

Best Solutions and Other Solutions Proposed

Other Benefits

Implementation Guidelines

Village pool in the
CEHZ and CFHZ

•

To provide for better stormwater management
around the pool

•

To provide for a seawall to strengthen protection
of the pool.

Responsibility: Ministry of Works/Village

•

Prepare EIA for the provision of protection around
the pool including better stormwater management in
accordance with technical advice from MoW.

•

Investigate potential sources of funds to complete
the project.

•

Build seawall in accordance with EIA
recommendations and an approved building permit.

All infrastructure

•

Identify a new sustainable source for domestic
sand in the vicinity.

Responsibility: DLSE

•

Identify specific sites for near shore sustainable
sand mining to meet commercial demand without
depleting coastal resources.

•

Prepare Environmental Impact Assessments for
identified sites.

•

Undertake consultation with villages affected by the
proposed sand mining.

•

To continue to consider building foundations at
a level that takes into account the CFHZ in the
vicinity of buildings.

•

To relocate outside CEHZ and CFHZ when
buildings require replacement
Best long-term solution

•

To ensure investment within the hazard zones is
considered in relation to the potential for
damage from coastal erosion and flooding

•

To continue planting vegetation in coastal areas
and to enable this vegetation to survive.

Responsibility: Village/Families

•

Family decision when building to provide long-term
protection from coastal hazards.

•

Village/Family decision to relocate in the long-term
or when building new houses.

•

Village/Families to recognise the role that
vegetation plays in stabilising coastal areas.

•

Areas of accretion to be planted as soon as
practicable with suitable coastal species.

NOTE: The provision of changing facilities at the village pool to encourage tourism is noted for further action by the village and local
families with technical assistance from the Ministry of Works.

KEY

CEHZ

Coastal Erosion Hazard Zone

CFHZ

Coastal Flood Hazard Zone

Roads and Tracks

Built up areas

Church

Pool

Possible Solutions
Vaisaulu Village

Scale 1:10,000

Vaisaulu

CEHZ

CFHZ

Identify a new sustainable source
for domestic sand in the vicinity.

To continue to consider building
foundations to take into account
the potential flood hazard

Lagoon

Main Road

To relocate outside the
CFHZ and CEHZ.

To ensure investment in the hazard
zones is considered in relation to the
potential for damage from coastal

To continue planting vegetation in
coastal areas and protect young plants
from domestic animals

To provide for better stormwater
management around the pool...
Targeted protection of the pool

Built up area

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT PLAN FAASALELEAGA I DISTRICT

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

Page 17

8 Lalomalava Village Infrastructure

Infrastructure

Best Solutions and Other Solutions Proposed

Other Benefits

Implementation Guidelines

Village houses and
hotel buildings in
CEHZ and/or CFHZ

•

Identify a new sustainable source for domestic sand in
the vicinity.

Responsibility: DLSE

•

Identify specific sites for near shore sustainable
sand mining to meet commercial demand
without depleting coastal resources.

•

Prepare Environmental Impact Assessments for
identified sites.

•

Undertake consultation with villages affected by
the proposed sand mining.

•

To continue to consider building foundations at a level
that takes into account the CFHZ in the vicinity of
buildings.

•

To relocate outside CEHZ and CFHZ when buildings
require replacement
Best long-term solution

•

To ensure investment within the hazard zones is
considered in relation to the potential for damage from
coastal erosion and flooding

•

To continue planting vegetation in coastal areas and to
enable this vegetation to survive.

Responsibility: Village/Families

•

Family decision when building to provide long-
term protection from coastal hazards.

•

Village/Family decision to relocate in the long-
term or when building new houses.

•

Village/Families to recognise the role that
vegetation plays in stabilising coastal areas.

•

Areas of accretion to be planted as soon as
practicable with suitable coastal species.

NOTE: Provision of a seawall along the coast to the north of the Savaiian Hotel development has also been considered. The benefit/cost
ratio for this seawall is assessed at 0.32, which indicates that the cost of construction and maintenance is three times the benefits it is likely to
provide. South of the Hotel development the coast is eroding at a rate of about 0.1 m per year and there are no assets identified in the
Coastal Erosion Hazard Zone that require protection.

Possible Solutions
Lalomalava Village

Scale 1:10,000

KEY

CEHZ

Coastal Erosion Hazard Zone

CFHZ

Coastal Flood Hazard Zone

Roads and Tracks

Built up areas

Church

School

CEHZ

Lagoon

CFHZ

Lalomalava

Identify a new sustainable source
for domestic sand in the vicinity.

To continue to consider building
foundations to take into account
the potential flood hazard

Main Road

To relocate outside the
CFHZ and CEHZ.

To ensure investment in the hazard
zones is considered in relation to the
potential for damage from coastal

To continue planting vegetation in coastal
areas and protect young plants from domestic
animals

Savaiian Hotel

Built up area

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT PLAN FAASALELEAGA I DISTRICT

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

Page 19

9 Safua Village Infrastructure

Infrastructure

Best Solutions and Other Solutions Proposed

Other Benefits

Implementation Guidelines

•

Identify a new sustainable source for domestic
sand in the vicinity.

Responsibility: DLSE

•

Identify specific sites for near shore sustainable
sand mining to meet commercial demand without
depleting coastal resources.

•

Prepare Environmental Impact Assessments for
identified sites.

•

Undertake consultation with villages affected by the
proposed sand mining.

•

To provide protection in front of the Pool and
Women’s Committee House to limit the potential
for erosion on the Main Road

Responsibility: Ministry of Works/Village

•

Prepare EIA for the provision of protection around
the pools in accordance with technical advice from
MoW. (See Section 1).

Village houses,
women’s committee
house and pool in
CEHZ and CFHZ

•

To continue to consider building foundations at
a level that takes into account the CFHZ in the
vicinity of buildings.

•

To relocate outside CEHZ and CFHZ when
buildings require replacement
Best long-term solution

•

To ensure investment within the hazard zones is
considered in relation to the potential for
damage from coastal erosion and flooding

•

To continue planting vegetation in coastal areas
and to enable this vegetation to survive.

Responsibility: Village/Families

•

Main Road

•

Family decision when building to provide long-term
protection from coastal hazards.

•

Village/Family decision to relocate in the long-term
or when building new houses.

•

Village/Families to recognise the role that
vegetation plays in stabilising coastal areas.

•

Areas of accretion to be planted as soon as
practicable with suitable coastal species.

NOTE: Provision of a seawall along the coast to the south of the pool has also been considered. The benefit/cost ratio for this seawall is
assessed at 0.32, which indicates that the cost of construction and maintenance is three times the benefits it is likely to provide. It is more
effective to provide a targeted response to specific areas at risk such as the pool identified.

KEY

CEHZ

Coastal Erosion Hazard Zone

CFHZ

Coastal Flood Hazard Zone

Roads and Tracks

Built up areas

Pool

Women’s Committee House

Possible Solutions
Safua Village

Scale 1:15,000

CEHZ

CFHZ

Lagoon

Safua

Identify a new sustainable source
for domestic sand in the vicinity.

To continue to consider building
foundations to take into account
the potential flood hazard

Main Road

To relocate outside the
CFHZ and CEHZ.

To ensure investment in the hazard
zones is considered in relation to the
potential for damage from coastal

To continue planting vegetation in coastal areas
and protect young plants from domestic animals

Safua Hotel

To provide seawall protection in
front of the Pool and Women’s
Committee House. (See Section 1.)

Built up area