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COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT PLAN ANOAMAA WEST DISTRICT

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

FINAL

Table of Contents

Introduction to the CIM Plan

Implementation Guidelines

Participants in the Plan

Anoamaa West District Infrastructure

Saoluafata Village Infrastructure

Fusi Village Infrastructure

Salelesi Village Infrastructure

Eva Village Infrastructure

Solosolo Village Infrastructure

Luatuanu’u Village Infrastructure

Leusoali’i Village Infrastructure

G l o s s a r y

Coastal Hazard Zones

–

Defined areas landward of the coast which are or are considered likely to be subject to the effects of hazards
over a defined assessment period. In this study, reference is made to four coastal hazard zones: ASCHs (areas
sensitive to coastal hazards); CEHZs (coastal erosion hazard zones); CFHZs (coastal flood hazard zones) and
CLHZs (coastal landslip hazard zones).

“Do Minimum” option -

A Management option that involves continuing with the present maintenance and upgrading programme on
an as and when required basis.

Hazard -

A source of potential harm or a situation with a potential to cause loss.

Infrastructure

–

Built structures and networks which support the national, regional or local community.

Lifeline infrastructure

Infrastructure that contributes directly to the survival of the community and its ability to respond and
recover at the time of extreme events.

Secondary infrastructure

Infrastructure that contributes to the every-day development of the community.

Implementation Guidelines

– A document to guide land use and resource practices to achieve specified goals, objectives and policies and

provide a framework for the implementation of defences and works.

Issue

–

A specific concern regarding both cause and effect.

Land and Resource Use

–

The use of land and resources by the community for social, economic or other benefit (e.g. land use includes
areas used for villages or crops, resource use includes activities such as sand mining, gravel extraction or
fishing).

Monitoring

–

Process of measuring the effectiveness or impacts of projects and works against predicted standards, levels or
outcomes.

Resilience

The ability to be adaptive, responsive and quick to recover.

Community Resilience

–

The ability for the community to be adaptive, responsive and quick to recover from the adverse effects
of hazard.

Natural Resilience

–

The ability of natural systems to be adaptive, responsive and quick to recover from coastal processes
or hazards.

Risk

–

The chance of something happening that will have an impact on objectives. It is measured in terms of
consequence and likelihood. In the Coastal Infrastructure Management Plan context it is the likelihood that
infrastructure will be subject to coastal hazards and the potential for loss of property, life or land due to
natural processes.

Stakeholders -

Those people and organisations who may affect, be affected by, or perceive themselves to be affected by, a
decision or activity. The term stakeholder may also include interested parties.

Strategy

–

Direction or course of action to achieve a defined vision.

Susceptibility

The degree to which infrastructure at risk is likely to be damaged by coastal hazards and how easy/difficult,
expensive/cheap it is to replace. In the context of the CIM Plan the term susceptibility is equivalent to the
term vulnerability as the Samoan phrase for both susceptibility and vulnerability is the same.

Vision

–

A desired destiny.

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Introduction to the CIM Plan

T h e S t r a t e g i c V i s i o n

The District Coastal Infrastructure Management (CIM) Plan for Anoamaa West District has been prepared as part of the Government of
Samoa’s Infrastructure Asset Management Programme (IAMP). The CIM Plan is one of the primary means of implementing the CIM
Strategy, which was formally approved by the Government of Samoa in February, 2001, as providing the Strategic direction for the
management of infrastructure (both public and private) within the coastal area.

The Strategy has as its central vision “Resilience – Coastal Infrastructure and Communities Resilient to Natural Hazards”. The CIM Plan
takes this vision and provides the practical tools with which the communities and the government, in partnership, can implement the
Strategy.

To be resilient is to be adaptive, responsive and quick to recover so that communities are environmentally, socially and economically

sustainable.

(CIM Strategy, January 2001).

T h e A i m o f t h e C I M P l a n

The Aim of the CIM Plan is to help communities and government improve resilience by identifying actions and solutions. Not all the
solutions may be actioned immediately but the plan will ensure that issues and options are identified for the long-term improvement in
resilience of both infrastructure and communities.

The CIM Plan will:

1. Improve the community’s awareness of coastal hazard risks;

2. Enable the community and infrastructure providers to reduce coastal hazard risks in villages;

3. Enable the community and infrastructure providers to better adapt, respond and recover from cyclones.

S t r u c t u r e o f t h e P l a n

The CIM Plan consists of two parts each serving a separate and distinct purpose.

•

Plan Development

, which describes the process undertaken in preparing the CIM Plan in conjunction with representatives of the

Communities involved and the Government and other stakeholders with interests in the Plan area.

•

Implementation Guidelines

, which describes the Plans and Actions recommended as outcomes of the process, together with the partner

responsible for implementing these outcomes. The participants of the CIM Plan preparation process are acknowledged in the
Implementation Guidelines

Implementation Guidelines

P u r p o s e o f t h e I m p l e m e n t a t i o n G u i d e l i n e s

The Implementation Guidelines describe the solutions proposed that will increase the resilience of the villages in the Plan area and the ways
these solutions can be implemented. The solutions are presented for each of the infrastructure items that have moderate to low resilience.
Where one solution will provide benefits to other items of infrastructure these “Other Benefits” are also noted. Implementation is
considered to be the joint responsibility of both the villages and the government in partnership. The government is responsible for the
provision of national and district “Public”, infrastructure, while villages are responsible for local and community infrastructure. The
responsibility for implementing the proposed actions is also defined. Solutions for both District infrastructure and Village infrastructure,
and the responsibility of both partners, should be considered together as they combine to provide for the integrated management of all
coastal infrastructure.

The solutions for village infrastructure will usually be the responsibility of the Village and Families in the village to implement. Advice and
resources may be available from government to assist the village in implementing these solutions. In most situations these solutions will also
provide benefits to both village and district infrastructure and should be considered an integral part of managing coastal infrastructure at
both levels.

D u r a t i o n o f t h e P l a n

The CIM Plan should be reviewed at five-yearly intervals. During the Plan period, the solutions implemented will be monitored to ensure
that they are effective in improving resilience. Some solutions are likely to take longer than five years to implement and the review will take
the progress of these into account.

The review of the Implementation Guidelines and the solutions proposed will be undertaken:

As part of the Five-yearly CIM Plan review programme.

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Once implemented, the solutions will be monitored on either an annual or five-yearly basis to check the effectiveness of the solution.
Detailed implementation of the solution will determine the monitoring requirements and Key Performance Indicators.

Participants in the Plan

The CIM Plan is a Partnership between the Government of Samoa and the villages within the Plan area. Both partners have responsibility
for different levels of infrastructure in the local communities and the Plan gives an integrated approach to the provision of services and
improvement of resilience now and in the future.

This Plan incorporates the Faipule District of Anoamaa West.

The Committee for the Faipule District of Anoamaa West, confirms the participation of the Villages in the preparation of this Coastal
Infrastructure Management Plan for Anoamaa West District in partnership with the Government of Samoa and its adoption as a
Management Plan for the implementation of the Coastal Infrastructure Management Strategy.

Village Meetings:

Village Representatives:

•

Saoluafata

7 November 2001

•

Fusi

8 November 2001

•

Salelesi

9 November 2001

•

Eva

12 November 2001

•

Solosolo

13 November 2001

•

Luatuanu’u

14 November 2001

•

Leusoali’I

15 November 2001

The CIM Plan Committee representing all of the Villages in the area met on 16 November 2001.
Comments on the draft CIM Plan were received from the Committee on 17 January 2002.

Government Departments and Corporations:

•

Department of Lands, Survey and Environment

•

Ministry of Internal Affairs

•

Treasury Department

•

Public Works Department

The Department of Lands, Survey and Environment, as lead Department of
Government, on behalf of the participating Government Departments and
Corporations, confirms the participation of the Government of Samoa in the
preparation of this Coastal Infrastructure Management Plan and its adoption as a
Management Plan for the implementation of the Coastal Infrastructure
Management Strategy.

•

Samoa Water Authority

•

Electric Power Corporation

Signed:

•

Samoa Communications Ltd

Director of Lands Survey and Environment

•

Samoa Land Corporation

Date:

The Government of Samoa adopts the Coastal Infrastructure Management Plan for the Faipule District of Anoamaa West as a
Management Plan for the implementation of the Coastal Infrastructure Management Strategy (CIMS).

Signed:

Minister of Lands, Survey and Environment, Government of Samoa

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1 Anoamaa West District Infrastructure

Infrastructure

Best Solutions and Other Solutions Proposed

Other Benefits

Implementation Guidelines

•

To undertake a local education programme on the
importance of maintaining drains and building
drain crossings to roadside properties.

•

To upgrade drainage culverts where required
along East Coast Road

•

To maintain flow paths through fords and
culverts

•

Undertake inspection of culverts along East Coast Road.

•

Identify areas of flooding along East Coast Road and arrange
programme for remedying problem including upgrading
culverts and clearing/maintaining roadside drains.

•

Implement education programme for construction of
roadside crossings.

•

To inspect all Government funded seawalls in the
District and to ensure that maintenance is
undertaken regularly.

Responsibility: Public Works Department

•

Investigate areas reported to require maintenance.

•

Prepare maintenance programme.

East Coast Road

•

To implement a regular inspection programme of
areas in the CLHZ to identify areas weakened
over time and undertake remedial action as
necessary.

Responsibility: Public Works Department

•

Investigate areas reported to require maintenance.

•

Prepare maintenance programme.

East Coast Road –
Luatuanu’u

•

To provide a new seawall to a 50-year design
standard east of the Luatuanu’u River bridge.

Approximate length of seawall: 200 m
Approximate cost of seawall $T70,000
Benefit/Cost ratio

0.80

Responsibility: Public Works Department

East Coast Road –
Leusoali’i

•

To provide a new seawall to a 50-year design
standard west of the Leusoali’i River bridge.

Approximate length of seawall: 150m
Approximate cost of seawall $T52,000
Benefit/Cost ratio

0.80

Responsibility: Public Works Department

•

Water

•

Electricity

•

Telephone

•

Village houses

•

Identify funding/budget requirements and implementation
programme for construction and development.

•

Undertake detailed feasibility study in accordance with CIM
Strategy Evaluation Model Step 6.

•

Prepare Environmental Impact Assessment.

Water network

•

Replace galvanised distribution pipes with PVC
pipes properly laid underground to reduce the
likelihood of leaks in the network.

•

Investigate extending Government water supply to
Salelesi and Fusi.

Responsibility: Samoa Water Authority for
Government supply, Villages for village systems

•

Village

•

Undertake maintenance inspection.

•

Prepare programme for maintenance and upgrading works.

•

Villages to seek funding and advice for village systems.

•

Villages to seek inclusion in Government water supply schemes
where necessary.

Main underground
telephone cables

•

To inspect all telephone ducts and manholes in
the District and to ensure that maintenance is
undertaken regularly.

Responsibility: Samoa Communications Ltd

•

Village

•

Include provision for maintenance and inspection activities
in future programmes.

Local telephone lines

•

Provision of underground telephone lines.

Responsibility:

Samoa Communications Ltd

•

Include provision for underground telephone lines where
practical and feasible in future programmes.

•

Provide an upgraded mobile telephone network

Responsibility: Samoa Communications Ltd

•

Village

•

Include provision for expansion of mobile telephone network
in future programmes.

Local electricity lines

•

Provision of underground electricity lines where
practical.

Responsibility: Electric Power Corporation

•

Village

•

Include provision for underground electricity lines where
practical and feasible in future programmes.

District school in the
CFHZ

•

To continue to consider building foundations at a
level that takes into account the CFHZ in the
vicinity of buildings.

Responsibility: Ministry of Internal Affairs/ Village

•

Village

•

Hazard maps provided to be referred to as part of decision-
making process when buildings require replacement and
investment and structures planned accordingly.

•

Construct a new access to the school across the
Saoluafata wetlands which does not restrict tidal
flows.

Responsibility: District

•

Village

•

Undertake an assessment of tidal flow necessary to maintain
a healthy natural environment in this area.

•

Prepare Environmental Impact Assessment.

•

Erect new structure allowing for safe pedestrian access.

•

Government to manage commercial sandmining
in the District.

•

Identify alternative sustainable sources of sand
for commercial supply.

Responsibility: Department of Lands, Survey and
Environment/Villages

•

Identify specific sites for near shore sustainable sand mining
to meet commercial demand without depleting coastal
resources.

•

Prepare Environmental Impact Assessments for identified
sites.

•

Undertake consultation with villages affected by the
proposed sand mining.

All infrastructure

•

Government and villages to manage reclamation
processes

Responsibility: Department of Lands, Survey and
Environment/Villages

•

District

•

Ensure that reclamations are undertaken in accordance with
the permit process.

•

Undertake EIA for all reclamations including consultation
with people/villages affected by interruption to coastal
processes.

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Infrastructure

Best Solutions and Other Solutions Proposed

Other Benefits

Implementation Guidelines

•

Government and villages to manage development
adjacent to wetland areas and streams to
minimise further adverse environmental effects of
encroachment and land-use activities.

Responsibility: Department of Lands, Survey and
Environment/Villages

•

Government and villages to prepare development controls
for areas adjacent to wetlands.

•

Undertake consultation with village community and public.

•

Identify management responsibility for these areas.

Wetland areas

•

Remove remnant culverts at the outlet to the
Saoluafata wetland area to improve tidal flow
into and out of the wetland area

Responsibility: Department of Lands, Survey and
Environment/Villages

•

Villages

•

Undertake an assessment of tidal flow necessary to maintain
a healthy natural environment in this area.

•

Remove structures as appropriate

•

Where access is necessary replace with suitable culverts or
bridge.

Note: Refer to Maps to see proposed alignments and locations of intervention solutions.

F u r t h e r I s s u e s R a i s e d D u r i n g t h e C I M P l a n P r o c e s s

The following issues have been raised in consultation but fall outside the scope of the CIM Plan as they relate to infrastructure that falls
outside the coastal area. The issues are recorded for further investigation by the responsible agencies so that they may programme a
suitable response as part of their Annual Plan and budget processes.

Issue

Responsibility

Comment

Samoa Water
Authority/Villages

Water Supply

Water is a significant issue in the district and the provision of a reliable supply of water for
domestic use is necessary for the health and safety of the community. The existing village owned
water supply and distribution networks are not at risk from coastal hazards and therefore the
issue lies outside the scope of this Coastal Infrastructure Management Plan.
Possible solutions may include the villages seeking assistance to upgrade the existing water
supply and distribution networks or Government, in consultation with the Villages and the
District to provide a wider network of supply. Roof water collection tanks may also be able to be
upgraded for domestic purposes.
The issue is recorded as an item for further investigation by the appropriate agencies.

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KEY

CEHZ

Coastal Erosion Hazard Zone

CFHZ

Coastal Flood Hazard Zone

CLHZ

Coastal Land-slip Hazard Zone

Roads and Tracks

Possible Solutions
Anoama’a West District

Saoluafata - Solosolo

No Scale

Solosolo

Eva

Salelesi

Fusi

Saoluafata

Remove remnant culvert
at mouth of wetland

Government
management of
sandmining

Government and village to
manage land use adjacent to
wetland

Implement regular drainage
inspections and undertake
maintance along East Coast
Road

Provision of early warning
systems

Government to manage
reclamation processes

Identify suitable alternative
sources of sand

Provision of underground
electricity lines wh ere
possible

Build foundations for District
School to take into account
CFHZ

Provision of
underground telephone
lines where possible

Inspect all telephone
manholes and ducts and
ensure maintenance is
undertaken regularly

Replace galvanised water
pipes with underground
PVC pipes

Undertake inspection of areas within CLHZ
and weakened over time

CLHZ

CEHZ

CFHZ

CEHZ

CFHZ

CLHZ

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2 Saoluafata Village Infrastructure

Infrastructure

Best Solutions and Other Solutions Proposed

Other Benefits

Implementation Guidelines

•

Village management of domestic sand mining

Responsibility: Village/DLSE

•

Village to share with government control over sand
mining activities.

•

Identify a new sustainable source for domestic
sand in the vicinity.

Responsibility: DLSE

•

Main Road

•

Identify specific sites for near shore sustainable
sand mining to meet commercial demand without
depleting coastal resources.

•

Prepare Environmental Impact Assessments for
identified sites.

•

Undertake consultation with villages affected by
the proposed sand mining.

•

To continue to consider building foundations
at a level that takes into account the CFHZ in
the vicinity of buildings.

Responsibility: Families

•

To relocate outside CEHZ and CFHZ when
buildings require replacement or to ensure
investment within the hazard zones is
considered in relation to the potential for
damage from coastal erosion and flooding

Responsibility: Village/Families

•

Family decision when building to provide long-
term protection from flooding.

•

Village/Family decision to relocate in the long-
term or when building new houses.

•

To continue planting trees and other
vegetation in coastal areas and to enable this
vegetation to survive.

Responsibility: Village/Families

•

Village/Families to recognise the role that
vegetation plays in stabilising coastal areas.

•

Areas of accretion to be planted as soon as
practicable with suitable coastal species.

Village houses,
primary school and
pre-school in CEHZ
and/or CFHZ,
Churches within the
CEHZ and CFHZ

•

Provide adequate drainage along and under
the new village road.

Responsibility: Village/Families

•

Main Road

•

Village/Families to consult with the Public Works
Department and provide suitable drainage plan for
the new road so that ponding does not occur.

All village
infrastructure within
CEHZ and/or CFHZ

•

Investigate upgrading existing or constructing
new access roads to the area around the new
playing field.
Length of new/upgraded road

800 m

Cost of construction

$T184,000

Benefit/Cost ratio

2.65

Responsibility: Families/Village/PWD

•

Village/Family decision to relocate in the long-
term or when building new houses.

•

Government to investigate upgrading inland work
road to provide for an alternative development
area.

NOTE: Seawalls have also been considered in the assessment of solutions for Saoluafata Village. The assessment shows that the cost of
building and maintaining the seawalls is twice the benefits they provide to the community.

KEY

CEHZ

Coastal Erosion Hazard Zone

CFHZ

Coastal Flood Hazard Zone

CLHZ

Coastal Landslip Hazard Zone

Roads and Tracks

Upgraded road

D.S.

District School

P.S.

Pre-school

Possible Solutions
Saoluafata Village

Scale 1:10,000

Saoluafata

To relocate outside CEHZ and CFHZ when
buildings require replacement or to ensure
investment within the hazard zones is considered in
relation to the potential for damage from coastal
erosion and flooding

Reef

CEHZ

Wetland

New Playing
field

D.S.

CLHZ

CFHZ

P.S.

Identify a new sustainable source
for domestic sand in the vicinity.

Provide adequate
drainage along and
under the new
village road.

To continue planting trees and
other vegetation in coastal areas
and to enable this vegetation to

To continue to consider building
foundations at a level that takes
into account the CFHZ in the
vicinity of buildings.

Investigate upgrading
existing or constructing
new access roads to the
new malae.

Village management of
domestic sand mining

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3 Fusi Village Infrastructure

Infrastructure

Best Solutions and Other Solutions Proposed

Other Benefits

Implementation Guidelines

•

Village management of domestic sand mining

Responsibility: Village/DLSE

•

Village to share with government control over sand
mining activities.

•

Identify a new sustainable source for domestic
sand in the vicinity.

Responsibility: DLSE

•

Main Road

•

Identify specific sites for near shore sustainable
sand mining to meet commercial demand without
depleting coastal resources.

•

Prepare Environmental Impact Assessments for
identified sites.

•

Undertake consultation with villages affected by the
proposed sand mining.

•

To continue to consider building foundations at
a level that takes into account the CFHZ in the
vicinity of buildings.

Responsibility: Families

•

Family decision when building to provide long-term
protection from flooding.

•

Village/Family decision to relocate in the long-term
or when building new houses.

•

Responsibility: Village/Families

Village houses and
churches in the CEHZ
and/or CFHZ

•

To continue planting trees and other vegetation
in coastal areas and to enable this vegetation to
survive.

Responsibility: Village/Families

•

Main

Road

•

Village/Families to recognise the role that
vegetation plays in stabilising coastal areas.

•

Areas of accretion to be planted as soon as
practicable with suitable coastal species.

All village
infrastructure

•

To upgrade work roads to provide for
development inland.
Estimated length of road

500 m

Estimated cost

$T115,000

Benefit/cost ratio

1.41

Responsibility: Village/Families/PWD

•

Government to investigate upgrading inland work
road to provide for an alternative development area.

•

Village/Family decision to relocate in the long-term
or when building new houses.

NOTE: Seawalls have also been considered in the assessment of solutions for Fusi Village. The assessment shows that the cost of building
and maintaining the seawalls is eight times the benefits they provide to the community.

Possible Solutions
Fusi Village

Scale 1:10,000

Salelesi

Fusi

KEY

CEHZ

Coastal Erosion Hazard Zone

CFHZ

Coastal Flood Hazard Zone

CLHZ

Coastal Landslip Hazard Zone

Roads and Tracks

Upgraded road

Church

CEHZ

CFHZ

Identify a new sustainable source
for domestic sand in the vicinity.

Provide adequate drainage along
and under the East Coast Road.

To continue planting trees and
other vegetation in coastal areas
and to enable this vegetation to

To continue to consider building
foundations at a level that takes
into account the CFHZ in the
vicinity of buildings.

Investigate upgrading
existing access
roads.

Village management of
domestic sand mining

East Coast Road

Reef

Existing
Seawall

Wetland

Existing
Seawall

C. C.

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4 Salelesi Village Infrastructure

Infrastructure

Best Solutions and Other Solutions Proposed

Other Benefits

Implementation Guidelines

•

Village management of domestic sand mining

Responsibility: Village/DLSE

•

Main Road

•

Village to share with government control over sand
mining activities.

•

Identify a new sustainable source for domestic
sand in the vicinity.

Responsibility: DLSE

•

Identify specific sites for near shore sustainable
sand mining to meet commercial demand without
depleting coastal resources.

•

Prepare Environmental Impact Assessments for
identified sites.

•

Undertake consultation with villages affected by the
proposed sand mining.

•

To continue to consider building foundations at
a level that takes into account the CFHZ in the
vicinity of buildings.

Responsibility: Families

•

Family decision when building to provide long-term
protection from flooding.

•

Village/Family decision to relocate in the long-term
or when building new houses.

•

Responsibility: Village/Families

Village houses,
women’s committee
houses, church and
pool in the CEHZ
and/or CFHZ

•

To continue planting trees and other vegetation
in coastal areas and to enable this vegetation to
survive.

Responsibility: Village/Families

•

Main

Road

•

Areas of accretion to be planted as soon as
practicable with suitable coastal species.

•

Village/Families to recognise the role that
vegetation plays in stabilising coastal areas.

Village pool

•

To raise the base of the pool.

Responsibility: Village/Families

•

Village/Families to investigate funding and to
commission work.

All village
infrastructure

•

Establishment of a safe area at the village school
by strengthening the buildings.

Responsibility: Village/Families

•

Village/Families to investigate funding and to
commission work.

•

To upgrade or build new roads to provide for
development inland near the primary school.
Estimated length of road

500 m

Estimated cost

$T115,000

Benefit/cost ratio

1.76

Responsibility: Village/Families/PWD

•

Government to investigate upgrading inland work
road to provide for an alternative development area.

•

Village/Family decision to relocate in the long-term
or when building new houses.

NOTE: Seawalls have also been considered in the assessment of solutions for Salelesi Village. The assessment shows that the cost of
building and maintaining the seawalls is a hundred times the benefits they provide to the community.

Possible Solutions
Salelesi Village

Scale 1:10,000

KEY

CEHZ

Coastal Erosion Hazard Zone

CFHZ

Coastal Flood Hazard Zone

Roads and Tracks

Upgraded road

School

Pool

Church

To relocate outside CEHZ and CFHZ when
buildings require replacement or to ensure
investment within the hazard zones is considered in
relation to the potential for damage from coastal
erosion and flooding

CEHZ

CFHZ

Identify a new sustainable source
for domestic sand in the vicinity.

Provide adequate drainage
along and under the East Coast
Road.

To continue planting trees and
other vegetation in coastal areas
and to enable this vegetation to

To continue to consider building
foundations at a level that takes into
account the CFHZ in the vicinity of
buildings.

Investigate upgrading
existing access
roads.

Village management of
domestic sand mining

Salelesi

Reef

Existing
Seawall

Fusi

Provision of a safe area
from cyclones

East Coast Road

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5 Eva Village Infrastructure

Infrastructure

Best Solutions and Other Solutions Proposed

Other Benefits

Implementation Guidelines

•

Village management of domestic sand mining

Responsibility: Village/DLSE

•

Main Road

•

Village to share with government control over sand
mining activities.

•

Identify a new sustainable source for domestic
sand in the vicinity.

Responsibility: DLSE

•

Identify specific sites for near shore sustainable
sand mining to meet commercial demand without
depleting coastal resources.

•

Prepare Environmental Impact Assessments for
identified sites.

•

Undertake consultation with villages affected by the
proposed sand mining.

•

To continue to consider building foundations at
a level that takes into account the CFHZ in the
vicinity of buildings.

Responsibility: Families

•

Family decision when building to provide long-term
protection from flooding.

•

Village/Family decision to relocate in the long-term
or when building new houses.

•

Responsibility: Village/Families

Village houses and
church in the CEHZ
and/or CFHZ

•

To continue planting trees and other vegetation
in coastal areas and to enable this vegetation to
survive.

Responsibility: Village/Families

•

Main

Road

•

Village/Families to recognise the role that
vegetation plays in stabilising coastal areas.

•

Areas of accretion to be planted as soon as
practicable with suitable coastal species.

NOTE: Seawalls and upgrading work access roads have also been considered in the assessment of solutions for Eva Village. The
assessment shows that the cost of building and maintaining the seawalls is a hundred times the benefits they provide to the community and
the cost of building and maintaining an inland road is seven times the benefits it will provide to the community.

Possible Solutions
Eva Village

Scale 1:10,000

KEY

CEHZ

Coastal Erosion Hazard Zone

CFHZ

Coastal Flood Hazard Zone

CLHZ

Coastal Landslip Hazard Zone

Roads and Tracks

School

Church

To relocate outside CEHZ and CFHZ when
buildings require replacement or to ensure
investment within the hazard zones is considered in
relation to the potential for damage from coastal
erosion and flooding

CEHZ

CLHZ

CFHZ

Identify a new sustainable source
for domestic sand in the vicinity.

Provide adequate drainage
along and under the East Coast
Road.

To continue planting trees and
other vegetation in coastal areas
and to enable this vegetation to
survive.

To continue to consider building
foundations at a level that takes
into account the CFHZ in the
vicinity of buildings.

Village management of
domestic sand mining

Reef

Eva

Existing
Seawall

East Coast Road

Culvert

Ford

East Co

ast Road

River mouth

Salelesi

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT PLAN ANOAMAA WEST DISTRICT

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

FINAL

Page 14

6 Solosolo Village Infrastructure

Infrastructure

Best Solutions and Other Solutions Proposed

Other Benefits

Implementation Guidelines

•

Village management of domestic sand mining

Responsibility: Village/DLSE

•

Main Road

•

Village to share with government control over sand
mining activities.

•

Identify a new sustainable source for domestic
sand in the vicinity.

Responsibility: DLSE

•

Identify specific sites for near shore sustainable
sand mining to meet commercial demand without
depleting coastal resources.

•

Prepare Environmental Impact Assessments for
identified sites.

•

Undertake consultation with villages affected by the
proposed sand mining.

•

To continue to consider building foundations at
a level that takes into account the CFHZ in the
vicinity of buildings.

Responsibility: Families

•

Family decision when building to provide long-term
protection from flooding.

•

Village/Family decision to relocate in the long-term
or when building new houses.

•

Responsibility: Village/Families

Village houses,
church and women’s
committee house in
the CEHZ and/or
CFHZ

•

To continue planting trees and other vegetation
in coastal areas and to enable this vegetation to
survive.

Responsibility: Village/Families

•

Main

Road

•

Village/Families to recognise the role that
vegetation plays in stabilising coastal areas.

•

Areas of accretion to be planted as soon as
practicable with suitable coastal species.

Village houses within
the CLHZ

•

To relocate outside CLHZ when buildings
require replacement or to ensure investment
within the hazard zones is considered in
relation to the potential for damage from
landslides.

Responsibility: Village/Families

•

Family decision when building to provide long-term
protection from landslip.

•

Village/Family decision to relocate in the long-term
or when building new houses.

NOTE: Seawalls have also been considered in the assessment of solutions for Solosolo Village. The assessment shows that the cost of
building and maintaining the seawalls is seven and a half times the benefits they provide to the community.

KEY

CEHZ

Coastal Erosion Hazard Zone

CFHZ

Coastal Flood Hazard Zone

CLHZ

Coastal Landslip Hazard Zone

Roads and Tracks

Upgraded road

School

Church

Possible Solutions
Solosolo Village

Scale 1:10,000

To relocate outside CEHZ and CFHZ when
buildings require replacement or to ensure
investment within the hazard zones is considered in
relation to the potential for damage from coastal
erosion and flooding

CEHZ

CLHZ

CFHZ

Identify a new sustainable source
for domestic sand in the vicinity.

Provide adequate drainage
along and under the East
Coast Road.

To continue planting trees and other
vegetation in coastal areas and to
enable this vegetation to survive.

To continue to consider building
foundations at a level that takes into
account the CFHZ in the vicinity of
buildings.

Village management of
domestic sand mining

Reef

Existing
Seawall

River mouth

Solosolo

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT PLAN ANOAMAA WEST DISTRICT

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

FINAL

Page 16

7 Luatuanu’u Village Infrastructure

Infrastructure

Best Solutions and Other Solutions Proposed

Other Benefits

Implementation Guidelines

•

Village management of domestic sand mining

Responsibility: Village/DLSE

•

Main Road

•

Village to share with government control over sand
mining activities.

•

Identify a new sustainable source for domestic
sand in the vicinity.

Responsibility: DLSE

•

Identify specific sites for near shore sustainable
sand mining to meet commercial demand without
depleting coastal resources.

•

Prepare Environmental Impact Assessments for
identified sites.

•

Undertake consultation with villages affected by the
proposed sand mining.

•

To continue to consider building foundations at
a level that takes into account the CFHZ in the
vicinity of buildings.

Responsibility: Families

•

Family decision when building to provide long-term
protection from flooding.

•

Village/Family decision to relocate in the long-term
or when building new houses.

•

Responsibility: Village/Families

Village houses,
churches and
women’s committee
house in the CEHZ
and/or CFHZ

•

To continue planting trees and other vegetation
in coastal areas and to enable this vegetation to
survive.

Responsibility: Village/Families

•

Main

Road

•

Village/Families to recognise the role that
vegetation plays in stabilising coastal areas.

•

Areas of accretion to be planted as soon as
practicable with suitable coastal species.

Fales within the
CEHZ and CFHZ

•

To ensure investment within the hazard zones is
considered in relation to the potential for
damage from coastal erosion and flooding

Responsibility: Families

•

Families to consider Coastal Hazard maps when
building.

NOTE: Seawalls have also been considered in the assessment of solutions for Luatuanu’u Village. These will affect District Infrastructure,
and are included as a solution in Section 1 of this Plan.

Possible Solutions
Luatuanu’u Village

Scale 1:10,000

KEY

CEHZ

Coastal Erosion Hazard Zone

CFHZ

Coastal Flood Hazard Zone

CLHZ

Coastal Landslip Hazard Zone

Roads and Tracks

Church

Women’s Committee House

Telecommunications Tower

To relocate outside CEHZ and CFHZ when
buildings require replacement or to ensure
investment within the hazard zones is considered in
relation to the potential for damage from coastal
erosion and flooding

CEHZ

CLHZ

CFHZ

Identify a new sustainable source
for domestic sand in the vicinity.

Provide adequate drainage
along and under the East
Coast Road.

To continue planting trees and
other vegetation in coastal areas
and to enable this vegetation to
survive.

To continue to consider building
foundations at a level that takes into
account the CFHZ in the vicinity of
buildings.

Village management of
domestic sand mining

Store

Reef

Existing
Seawall

East Coast Road

Existing
Seawall

River mouth

Luatuanu’u

COASTAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT PLAN ANOAMAA WEST DISTRICT

IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

FINAL

Page 18

8 Leusoali’i Village Infrastructure

Infrastructure

Best Solutions and Other Solutions Proposed

Other Benefits

Implementation Guidelines

•

Village management of domestic sand mining

Responsibility: Village/DLSE

•

Main Road

•

Village to share with government control over sand
mining activities.

•

Identify a new sustainable source for domestic
sand in the vicinity.

Responsibility: DLSE

•

Identify specific sites for near shore sustainable
sand mining to meet commercial demand without
depleting coastal resources.

•

Prepare Environmental Impact Assessments for
identified sites.

•

Undertake consultation with villages affected by the
proposed sand mining.

•

To continue to consider building foundations at
a level that takes into account the CFHZ in the
vicinity of buildings.

Responsibility: Families

•

Family decision when building to provide long-term
protection from flooding.

•

Village/Family decision to relocate in the long-term
or when building new houses.

•

Responsibility: Village/Families

Village houses,
churches, women;s
committee house, fales
and store in the CEHZ
and/or CFHZ

•

To continue planting trees and other vegetation
in coastal areas and to enable this vegetation to
survive.

Responsibility: Village/Families

•

Main

Road

•

Village/Families to recognise the role that
vegetation plays in stabilising coastal areas.

•

Areas of accretion to be planted as soon as
practicable with suitable coastal species.

Fales within the
CEHZ and CFHZ

•

To ensure investment within the hazard zones is
considered in relation to the potential for
damage from coastal erosion and flooding

Responsibility: Families

•

Families to consider Coastal Hazard maps when
building.

Village school within
the CFHZ

•

To continue to consider building foundations

at a level that takes into account the CFHZ
within the vicinity of the building.

•

To remove the old bridge structure from within

the Leusoali’i River bed

•

Village to investigate funding and to commission
work.

NOTE: Seawalls have also been considered in the assessment of solutions for Leusoali’i Village. These will affect District Infrastructure,
and are included as a solution in Section 1 of this Plan.

Possible Solutions
Leusoali’i Village

Scale 1:10,000

KEY

CEHZ

Coastal Erosion Hazard Zone

CFHZ

Coastal Flood Hazard Zone

CLHZ

Coastal Landslip Hazard Zone

Roads and Tracks

Church

School

To relocate outside CEHZ and CFHZ when
buildings require replacement or to ensure
investment within the hazard zones is considered in
relation to the potential for damage from coastal
erosion and flooding

CEHZ

CLHZ

CFHZ

Identify a new sustainable source
for domestic sand in the vicinity.

To ensure investment within the
hazard zones is considered in
relation to the potential for
damage from coastal erosion and
flooding.

To continue planting trees and
other vegetation in coastal areas
and to enable this vegetation to
survive.

To continue to consider building
foundations at a level that takes
into account the CFHZ in the
vicinity of buildings.

Village management of
domestic sand mining

Reef

Existing
Seawall

East Coast Road

River mouth

Remove old
bridge debris
from river

Provide adequate drainage
along and under the East Coast
Road.

Leusoali’i